Socket with on/off timer. Programmable socket with timer Automatic socket with timer

The concept of “smart” homes has become relevant as a result of the energy crisis. Its design makes it possible to control many processes using electronics operating on the principle of a time relay. One such device is a socket with a timer.

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What it is?

The 220 V programmable socket device is structurally similar to a conventional socket device, the only difference is the presence of a built-in timer.

Design and operating principle

The mechanical device of such a socket is equipped with a lever, and the electronic device is equipped with an electronic control system with keys and a digital screen. If necessary, it is possible to separately connect and program timers that are embedded in the wiring or in a group of electrical equipment.

The operating principle is based on contact switching. The switching method in devices is based on the closure of conductors as a result of the operation of a temporary relay.

Nikolay Kaposhko spoke about the operating principle of a mechanical device with a timer.

Purpose and uses

The operation and use of an outlet with a timer is important for saving the energy consumed by electrical appliances. The use of such devices provides not only savings, but also automatic power management in a house or apartment. Many models of low- and high-temperature electrical outlets can be programmed to turn your garden watering on or off. The same applies to activating lighting in certain areas of the territory or in the rooms of the apartment. Due to their wide range of purposes, sockets can be used to regulate heating in the house or turn off and activate household appliances.

The use of such devices makes it possible to configure the switching program at a specified time:

pumps;
air conditioners;
fans and other devices.

Taking into account the type of a particular model, as well as its technical characteristics, the device allows you to configure two types of programs:

Daily allowance. In this case, all settings are entered for one day and performed within 24 hours.
Weekly. With this function, the consumer has the opportunity to set the start and end of operation of electrical equipment and devices for each day of the week.

Using such devices with an on/off timer, you can solve several problems at once:

Manage household appliances and equipment. Automatic activation of a multicooker, washing machine and other devices can be useful for the housewife.
Control lights and lighting fixtures. If you want to prevent criminals from entering your home, you can set the music or lighting to automatically activate. This will give intruders the impression and effect that there are owners in the room.
Automation of agricultural work, in particular, refers only to those processes whose implementation does not require human intervention. For example, you can automate the operation of ventilation in greenhouses, etc.

The ChipiDip channel spoke about the purpose of devices with timers.

Varieties

There are two types of devices that can be connected in the home - mechanical and electronic.

Mechanical

The timer time in them is set by using a special drum element. Mechanical sockets can operate automatically for no more than 24 hours, so they are considered daily. The device does not provide the consumer with the capabilities that electronic devices provide. Therefore, in such products, the time intervals for activation and deactivation are cyclical, for example, the outlet will turn on for 20 minutes every 20 minutes, etc. The number of cycles can be any, it all depends on the specific model, but you will not be able to configure the parameters yourself .

Electronic

The electronic type of control provides consumers with significantly more opportunities in terms of automation settings. In many modern models, it is possible to program actions for a week in advance. But there are also more modernized options that allow you to set up activation a month in advance or more.

Electronic devices usually have advanced functionality with which the timer can be programmed to turn on and off at any time. For example, this would be two hours in the morning, 30 minutes at lunch and one hour in the evening, with variations being different for each day of the week. On sale you can find devices that allow you to control a group of electrical appliances and monitor the operation of each parameter separately. For example, adjust the lights in the house, turn on the garden watering system, etc.

Photo gallery

Mechanical device with counter Device with electronic timer and digital display

Functional Features

What features do sockets with a TRE timer and other devices have:

Depending on the tasks that will be performed, the type of device is selected. Mechanical options are considered more affordable in terms of cost, but they perform fewer functions. If you want to get a whole “smart” home, then the use of electronic devices is more relevant.
Setup time. This functional parameter depends on the type of device used; the maximum operating time is different for all sockets. As a rule, the minimum is one day, and the maximum is seven days or a month. The latest devices with a timer are rare, since their cost is quite high.
The timer accuracy parameter is more relevant for mechanical sockets, since inexpensive devices often cannot demonstrate accurate timing. But to perform simple tasks, for example, activating a filter pump or watering a garden, high precision is not needed, the main thing here is to follow the cycle correctly. In terms of timer accuracy, German-made sockets have proven themselves to be the best.
Load parameter. As a rule, the standard load value for many models is 16 Amperes, but you can purchase 7 or 10 Ampere sockets. If you need to ensure high throughput, you can choose 40 Ampere sockets. The device itself is selected taking into account the load. If the device will consume 5 kilowatts of energy, this corresponds to a 25 Ampere load, so using 16 Ampere outlets will be impractical.
Another feature is the different number of programmable lines. Simpler versions with a timer usually use one line and only one electrical device can be connected to it. On expensive electronic models, two or more lines are used, which allows you to simultaneously connect and configure several devices.
Protection of devices from dust and moisture. Many modern sockets with a timer are characterized by reliable protection from dirt and water, this will allow the devices to be used not only indoors, but also outdoors. If you plan to use the products outside the home, we recommend choosing devices with a protection certificate of at least IP40.

TM Prokoptim spoke about the features of electronic devices with timers and their configuration.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros of sockets with a timer:

The consumer can automate the process of activating and switching off electrical equipment. This allows you to simplify your work and save some time.
With proper programming, the use of sockets will save energy. For example, if the device will be used to adjust lighting, operate heating systems, or automate agriculture. The savings are especially felt in the latter case, on a large scale.
The ability to create a consumer-friendly schedule for shutting down and activating electrical equipment over time.
Timer autonomy. The operation of this device in modern “smart” sockets does not depend on the power supply. Thanks to the presence of a battery in the models, the timer can save user-made settings for four days or more.
Modern devices have a function to simulate the presence of owners in an apartment or house.
In high-tech sockets, the autonomous program can be set for more than two years.

Installing sockets with a timer when using two-tariff meters will reduce energy consumption in the house per month by an average of 30%.

Disadvantages of such devices:

The disadvantages are more typical for mechanical sockets. These include inaccurate operation of the timer; this is true for cheap, low-quality products. Although over time such a problem may appear in expensive sockets, this is due to wear and tear on the mechanism.
Mechanical sockets are noisy due to the ticking timer. This can cause discomfort for the home owner.
Mechanical products are characterized by the presence of a short operating time of the programmer, amounting to one day.
The timer in mechanical sockets is the weakest point. It often breaks down.
Electronic devices also have disadvantages. Often, a product's timer operates on its own, regardless of the current supplied to the power source. Therefore, it can continue to operate in the event of an unexpected power outage.

The compressedvideo channel spoke about the malfunction of the socket timer, as well as its repair.

To select a regular or special temperature outlet, consider the following criteria:

Decide on the purpose of the purchase. If you need a device for short-term automation, for example, turning on a pumping device for watering a vegetable garden or garden, opt for mechanical products. If you are buying an outlet for a dacha where the owners are absent on weekdays, then it is better to choose electronic devices. They will provide long-term automation throughout the week with various variations.
Make purchases from trusted sellers. Qualified distributors can additionally advise the consumer and provide a guarantee for their products. Specialized stores offer installation and configuration services for devices.
If you need to make an entire “smart” system with precise activation and shutdown of electrical equipment at specified times over several days, opt for electronic devices. You can specify a schedule for turning it on and off.
Consider the fact that most modern electronic sockets can perform the procedure of activating and deactivating equipment 5-7 times a day for a week. Mechanical products allow the consumer to specify a time interval of ten to thirty minutes and perform it throughout the day.
When purchasing, pay attention to well-known manufacturers from Germany or other European countries. When choosing a brand, we recommend that you read reviews from other consumers or consult with the seller. Domestic and Chinese sockets with timers can also be of high quality.
Please note additional functionality. The outlet can use a random number generator device, and the presence of several settings lines will give the consumer more programming options. Additional lines will allow you to set up an imitation of the presence of owners in an apartment or house. If several devices are connected to the outlet, this will make it possible to control the operation of the light and heating system.
It must be borne in mind that the cost of products is determined by the complexity of functionality, the type of device, as well as the brand under which they are manufactured. Experience shows that expensive products do not always have high-quality functions and reliable assembly. Accordingly, even expensive models may have a short service life.

Programming Features

Instructions for setting up a socket with a timer are included in the technical manual; when purchasing, be sure to make sure that it is included in the kit.

Setting up a mechanical outlet

In mechanical devices, the main element is the drum; special markings are applied to it. With its help, the consumer can independently set the time interval and specify the cyclicity. For example, you need to program the filter pump for the pool, which should operate for 15 minutes every three hours.

According to the scheme, the device works like this:

From one to two o'clock in the morning there is no voltage supplied to the device.
At two o'clock in the morning, power is supplied to the outlet for fifteen minutes. The pumping device with filter is activated.
From four to five o'clock in the morning the device does not receive power, the pump is turned off.
At six o'clock in the morning the device will be automatically activated as a result of voltage supply.
Then it is turned on at 9 and 12 o'clock with an interval of three hours.
At three o'clock in the afternoon the timer is set to go off for thirty minutes.
Then at six and nine o'clock in the evening the pumping device is activated twice, each for half an hour.
Finally, the system will be activated at 12 o'clock at night. The device will operate for fifteen minutes.

Mechanical timer operation diagram

Setting up an electronic outlet

We will look at the instructions for setting up an electronic socket using the TM24 model as an example. When using such a device, the current time is first programmed. To set a parameter, hold down the Set button on the device and hold it for a few seconds. To select a day, press the Left and Right buttons; when it is set, press Set again, this will take the device to the time setting menu. Here the hours and minutes are changed in the same way using the Left and Right buttons.

After setting the time, the main operating parameters of the device are adjusted:

If you need to see one of the timers, then click on the “Right” button. The digital screen will display indicators 1_On, 2_On, etc. The number in front of the inscription indicates the selection of a specific timer - the first, second, etc.
Then click on the Set button. By clicking on it, you can see the programmed day of the week for the timer to operate.
Pressing this button again will take you to the time programming menu by minute.
Then click and hold the Right key again and select the 1_Off option. This will disable the first timer. To deactivate the second counter, select 2_Off, for the third - 3_Off, etc.
To leave the setup menu, click on the Clk button.

Where to buy and how much does it cost?

You can buy a socket with a timer in specialized hardware stores, as well as from sellers on the Internet. The cost of the cheapest mechanical devices is about 350-500 rubles on average. Electronic sockets will cost at least 750 rubles.

The MuzhskieIgrushki channel talked about the features of a product with a timer from the manufacturer Expert.

Review of popular models

The most popular device models among consumers:

Theben 26. Considered one of the simplest and at the same time reliable sockets, it is produced in Germany and is characterized by a long service life. When the activation and shutdown cycle is triggered, the device alerts the owner about this with a special click. When the timer is set, the socket operates without noise, which is more typical for Chinese-made products. The only drawback is the lack of light indication, but this minus is not critical. The maximum load parameter is 16 Amps.
Theben 26 IP 44. This model is almost identical to the one described above, only its main difference is the presence of a water- and dust-proof housing. This nuance is especially important if the outlet is installed outdoors. For all other characteristics, the device corresponds to the model described above - a mechanical control system, the maximum current parameter is 16 Amperes. The cost of such devices can reach three thousand rubles, but this is due to the high quality of components and assembly. The main features include the silent operation of the device, as well as an audible notification to the owner when the cycle is triggered.
E. Next T11. A simple mechanical device in design, produced by a Russian company. According to the manufacturer, the manufacturing procedure complies with all European standards, which indicates the high quality of the products. In addition to sockets, the company produces household lighting sources, as well as switchboard equipment. With all the advantages, the device has a fairly low price; you can buy such an outlet on the market for 400 rubles. The load size is 16 Amps.
E. Next T14. Unlike the previous model, this is an electronic socket with a timer reserve of one week. Experts position the product as a high-quality device with wide functionality and simple operation. The consumer can set the desired schedule for the outlet to operate every day for a week. The maximum current at load is 16 Amps. The build quality doesn't compare to German products, but for the affordable price it's a good option.
Feron TM 22/61925. The domestic production option is characterized by low cost and the ability to work in Russian conditions. The build quality is good, but this model cannot be called the most reliable. The manufacturer provides the consumer with a 14-day guarantee, which is alarming. When purchasing, ask the seller if this socket is worth taking. Typically, sellers know which batch of goods has the most returns. The maximum load parameter is 16 Amps, the device is equipped with an electronic programmer and a weekly timer. The digital screen displays the basic parameters of the device, settings and time.
Digitop RV-1S. A model with an electronic timer, but a significant drawback is that the counter is designed for one day. The presence of electronics makes it easier to configure the device and significantly increases its capabilities. The consumer can program different time intervals for activating and deactivating the equipment, rather than cyclical, as on most models. The maximum load current is 10 Amperes, which is enough for an average apartment. Despite the fact that the production of sockets is established in Russia, the company supplies the market with products characterized by high reliability and quality.
HS Electro T-10. The company produces meters, time relays and other electronics. This model of sockets has the same characteristics as the product described above, but is equipped with an electronic timer with a daily counter. Compared to mechanical options, the presence of electronics makes the HS Electro T-10 more reliable. The device has a high service life and a flexible menu that allows you to configure different activation and shutdown cycles. The maximum permissible current at load is 10 Amperes.

Video “How to set up and connect an outlet with an electronic timer?”

The MiniFermer Poultry and Farming channel talked about the procedure for installing and connecting an electronic product with a meter.

Automation is penetrating our apartments more and more every day. Sockets with a timer are a very useful and simple device that will allow you to variably configure the operation of most electrical equipment.

Thanks to them, you can easily turn on or off the heaters or air conditioner in your home on a schedule. Imagine that in early autumn, when the heating season has not yet begun, you come home from work, and your apartment is already warm and comfortable.

Sockets with a timer are indispensable if you want to create the impression for strangers that someone is present in your house. The lighting and TV will turn on independently in the evening and then turn off. And at this time you yourself will be far from home. This sometimes helps against uninvited guests.

Sockets with a timer are divided into 2 types:

mechanical
electronic

Mechanical

The simplest ones are mechanical. They have plastic sectors around the perimeter of the dial. By clicking on them, you can set the desired operating time of the device.

Each sector segment is divided into 15 or 30 minutes (depending on the brand of outlet). Thanks to this, a maximum of 96 programs can be set per day.

Setting up a mechanical outlet

set the checkbox to the current time on the socket

The timer rotates clockwise; it cannot be rotated in the opposite direction due to a mechanical limiter. You can break all the insides.

press the plastic sectors for the period when the device should turn on and work

turn on the socket and connect the plug of the equipment being configured through it

the device is ready for use

There are mechanical sockets with a timer and a different type, similar to those found in washing machines. By turning the lever you set the timer for a certain shutdown time.

Mechanical type sockets can operate continuously without a timer; for this they have a lock button on the side.

The maximum power that can be connected through such devices reaches 3.5 kW. Some unscrupulous manufacturers exaggerate these data. Therefore, I do not recommend immediately connecting the maximum possible load. Especially considering the fact that they will work without your presence and supervision, and the contacts inside are not so thick.

It should be noted that mechanical sockets are only available in daily versions. This means that the same program will work the same way throughout the day. The next day the cycle will repeat.

Advantages

Advantages of sockets with a mechanical timer:

low cost. 2-3 times cheaper than electronic type

quick and easy mode switching

Everything is very simple. Press the button - the mode is on, press it - it's off. No need to go into the menu, go through the settings, etc.

Flaws

There are also disadvantages:

no built-in battery

There is no light in the apartment - the device settings are lost. For example, the water in the boiler may not warm up when you arrive home, but at a completely unexpected time for you.

The clock face may move forward or backward several minutes depending on whether the socket is overvolted or undervolted.

Instructions for setting up a mechanical socket with a timer -

You can choose a similar outlet for yourself and check out the current prices for them on AliExpress.

Electronic

Electronic sockets with a timer come in two types:

daily allowance
weekly

The daily allowance has the same principle as the mechanical allowance. But weekly ones can be customized to suit your individual work schedule for all seven days, including weekends. Therefore, such sockets can be recommended to owners of country houses and people who often go on business trips.

Electronic sockets are programmed for 140 on-off operations. There is a so-called presence function. Through it, the lighting in your apartment will turn on spontaneously throughout the day.

Most models have built-in batteries inside. They allow the clock mechanism of the socket to operate even without mains voltage. If the voltage suddenly disappears in your home, the previously set program is saved and the device works as if nothing had happened.

After purchasing a timer, immediately plug it into a power outlet. The batteries must be charged within 15 hours. Only after this the device is ready for use.

If, when leaving home, you constantly worry whether you have turned off electrical appliances, then a daily socket with a timer will help you get rid of the unnecessary waste of nerves. This device will help in many other ways. Let's talk about it in more detail and give options for assembling it yourself.

This is a combination of a mechanical or electronic time relay and a regular electrical outlet.

This combination allows you to set the timer for turning on and off electrical appliances whose plug is connected to the socket.

Depending on the design, several operating modes may be offered:

Sets the period of time for which power is supplied.
Programmable on and off times.

There are outlet timer options that operate on a more complex program: they can turn devices on and off several times a day or on a weekly or monthly schedule. Such devices are assembled based on microcontrollers. Let's pay a little more attention to the simplest daily outlet.

They are usually performed in two versions:

for installation on the wall, like a regular socket;
in the form of an extension cord.

Also, often timer sockets have additional capabilities, work as a surge protector, etc.

For what purposes is it convenient to use a daily socket with a timer?

Most complex household appliances have their own built-in timers, so the daily socket is used to connect simpler devices and equipment, but not always, we will talk about this below. Here are examples of using the device.

Standard Application

First, let’s pay attention to why daily timers are most often purchased or made independently.

To turn on fan heaters, oil radiators and other heating equipment, which shouldn't run all day. For example, by connecting an outlet to an electric boiler, you can schedule its operation so that it starts heating water only before the owners wake up, and not the whole night.
Daily sockets are often used to automate the operation of simple household electrical appliances., for example, if we talk about the kitchen, you can schedule the electric kettle or toaster to turn on, as in the previous case - in the morning.
For controlling lighting both indoors and outdoors. Although in this case it is advisable to use a twilight (astronomical relay) since the sunset time is constantly changing. But, for example, for holiday illumination for several days (New Year, Christmas), a timer socket is a simple and cheap way.
It is also in demand among aquarists— water heating and aeration systems are connected through it to keep certain species of fish that are demanding on environmental conditions.
To turn on the illumination of indoor plants and seedlings.

Unusual uses for a socket with a timer

In addition to traditional areas of application, it makes sense to use the connection via a timer socket and other devices that do not seem to need it.

Iron or boiler We turn it on for a short time and monitor the operation. But (as we talked about at the beginning of the article) in order not to doubt whether we turned it off or not, you can use a timer set to turn off the device, for example, after half an hour. If you forget to pull out the plug, the device will turn off the power automatically.
TV or stereo system Usually left in standby mode. Connect them through a timer socket, set them to turn on only when you are at home.

This will reduce energy consumption (even in standby mode, current is consumed to power the remote control receiver) and provide greater safety (firefighters recommend turning off all electrical appliances when leaving the house); the automation will do this for you. This approach is especially convenient if access to a regular outlet is difficult, and in order to pull out the plug you have to resort to acrobatic techniques.

Many people like to fall asleep in front of a blue screen. Although the TV menu has a function to turn off after a certain time, people usually forget to use it. Connect the TV through a daily timer socket, which is set to stop supplying electricity every day, for example at midnight, the problem will be solved.

The simplest designs of socket timer for self-assembly

Of course, you can purchase a ready-made timer socket, but it must be said that they are not always available at any electrical store. Another option is to order online, but delivery may take a long time. Therefore, having the experience of a radio amateur, you can try to do everything yourself. In addition, assembling electronic devices brings pleasure to many as a hobby.

Attention. Timer sockets can also be dangerous to use, so when buying them online, ask for certificates and safety data sheets.

Let's look at several socket timer circuits found on the Internet, as well as ideas for constructing them yourself.

Timer socket that turns off the load after a certain time

First, let's look at the simplest timer circuit that turns off the load after a certain time after turning it on. The simplest circuit is a field-effect transistor with an insulated gate (IGF). Here she is.

To assemble it we need only a few parts:

Field effect transistor with insulated gate. Almost any one will do, for example IRF 1104. You can remove it from an old motherboard or other electronic equipment.

Attention. To avoid overheating of the transistor, be sure to install it on a small radiator. For fastening we use a screw and nut. We protect the surfaces until they shine and apply thermal paste.

A capacitor with a capacity of 10 to 50 microfarads (the larger the capacity, the longer the period from start to operation can be set).
Variable resistor with a resistance of 1 Mohm.
Any medium power diode, for example KD 202.
A relay with a voltage supplied to the winding of 12 V, and a switched voltage of 220 V.
Any button.
The voltage source is 12 V, a power supply from household appliances is suitable.

This timer socket operates as follows:

After supplying voltage to the timer, there is no voltage at the gate of the transistor, it is closed. No current passes through the drain and source, and, consequently, the relay coil.
To start, press button S 1. The capacitor is charged and voltage appears at the gate of the transistor. The transistor opens, voltage is applied to the relay and its contacts, closing, turn on the load.
When the S 1 button is released, the capacitor begins to discharge through a variable resistor. The lower the resistance set on it, the faster the process goes. This is how the relay delay time is adjusted.
When the capacitor is almost completely discharged, the voltage at the gate disappears and the transistor turns off. The current through the source and drain will disappear and, consequently, the relay coil will also be de-energized, its contacts will open and turn off the load. To repeat the cycle, you need to charge the capacitor again with the button.

Now let's describe the features of the circuit.

By using capacitor values and resistors you can regulate the maximum time that the relay operates. The greater the capacitance and resistance, the larger it will be.
A diode connected in parallel with the relay coil serves to dampen the reverse current surge after the winding is turned off.
The insulated gate FET is chosen because it has extremely high resistance between the gate and the source-drain channel. The capacitor is practically not discharged through this circuit. In principle, the circuit can be assembled using a bipolar transistor, for example KT 815, but it will operate for less time.

The device can be assembled either on a canopy or on a breadboard. It is not worth developing a printed circuit board for several parts. Additionally, in parallel with the relay through a 1 kOhm resistor, you can connect an LED; it will signal that the device is triggered.

After assembly, you need to select or make a housing for the device, not forgetting that some parts of the timer socket are live. It is also necessary to install a scale under the handle of the variable resistor and mark the response time on it. This can be done using a stopwatch, even the one built into a mobile phone.

Alarm based

The previous relay worked only for a specified time after switching on (pressing the button). But often it is necessary for the timer on the outlet to turn on the load at a given time, for example, lighting at 20:00. Radio amateurs use ordinary alarm clocks to design such relays; this simplifies the circuits.

Electronic or electromechanical alarm clocks are readily available and are quite inexpensive. The accuracy and reliability of even Chinese models is more than sufficient for us. For control, we use the signal supplied to the speaker (piezo emitter) of the alarm clock.

But there is really one drawback - the signal is supplied for a short time, so in order to set the operating time of the device after it is turned on, you will have to additionally use an industrial time relay. However, this is not difficult; it is used in many production automation schemes.

As you can see, the scheme is quite simple. In addition to the alarm clock and time relay, we will need:

Any relay capable of switching a 220-volt load of the power we need, with a coil designed for a control voltage of 12 V. Its two contacts must be normally open. As a last resort, you can use a pair of relays with only one normally open contact, connecting their windings in parallel.
Time relay. You can buy ready-made, or find it on decommissioned equipment. It must have a 220 volt winding and a group of normally closed contacts. If you find a device with a low-voltage power supply, then its winding must be connected not as shown on the right side of the diagram, but in parallel with the main relay.
If you still have problems with the time relay, then you can assemble and integrate into the circuit the device that we have already described. We'll tell you how to connect it below.
Transistor KT 815 or its equivalent. Just like in the first timer, we install it on the radiator.
Any low-power diode, for example KD 202.
A pair of 1 kilo-ohm resistors.
The power source is 12 volts, it is easier to use an adapter from any household appliance.
LED (you can dispense with it) to signal that the relay is turned on.
Housing for assembly with a plug and one or more sockets. Can be adapted from a faulty surge protector or extension cord.
Wires for assembly.
Tools and materials for installation (soldering iron, wire cutters, solder, etc.).
To make it more convenient to work - a breadboard.

The operating principle of the design is extremely simple:

When the alarm clock goes off, voltage is applied to its sound emitter. It is also supplied to the base of the transistor through a diode installed to exclude the influence of our device on the alarm clock elements and the resistor.
The transistor opens and voltage is applied to the relay winding P1, connected to its collector. At the same time the LED lights up.
One pair of contacts of our relay P1 blocks the circuit (through the normally closed contacts of the time relay PB) - this can be seen on the right side of the circuit. Voltage is constantly supplied to the base of the transistor, and it remains open.
On the left side of the diagram, voltage is supplied to the load and the time relay RV through the relay contacts. The time relay starts counting.
At the end of the period set by the time relay RV, its contacts open. The voltage at the base of the transistor disappears and it closes, returning the circuit to its original state. This will continue until the next alarm goes off.

Now let’s talk about how to integrate the first device into the circuit if you couldn’t find a factory time relay. We will have to make the following changes to the circuits, let's call them the first and second.

In the first diagram:

the power source will be common for the two circuits;
parallel to the button (which can be left for forced start) we connect two conductors to communicate with the second circuit.

The second scheme will have to be modernized more significantly, but it will not become more complicated, but simplified.

The changes are as follows:

the relay can be installed as low-power, with one pair of normally open contacts - it will only switch low voltage;
you don’t have to look at the right side of the second circuit at all; the load will be controlled by the relay of the first circuit;
the part with the relay contacts intended for blocking is removed - they are not needed;
the contacts of relay P 1 are connected in parallel with the contacts of switch S 1.

The combined scheme will work as follows:

the voltage applied when the alarm goes off will open the transistor;
the transistor in turn will supply power to relay P 1;
the capacitor in the first circuit will be charged through the relay contacts (the signal supply time is sufficient, so self-blocking is removed);
further, everything is as described about the operation of the first scheme.

Design on a chip

Of course, a transistor and an alarm clock are a primitive solution in our time of microelectronics. Therefore, we will analyze the design on the microcircuit. The most common and simplest socket timer is on the 555 chip.

Versions from various manufacturers of the Signetics Corporation SE555 or NE555 integrated timer have been produced since 1971, so the circuitry has been worked out to the smallest detail, and all the features of this microcircuit are known. The price is cheap, and the chip does not require an expensive and complex body kit.

Here are the names of analogues produced by different companies:

Electronics manufacturer company	Names of the analogue chip Signetics Corporation SE555; NE555
MOTOROLA	MC1455; MC1555
NATIONAL	LM1455; LM555C
NTE SILVANIA	NTE955M
RAYTHEON	RM555; RC555
RCA	CA555; CA555C
SANYO	LC7555
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS	SN52555; SN72555
ECG PHILIPS	ECG955M
EXAR	XR-555
FAIRCHILD	NE555
HARRIS	HA555
INTERSIL	SE555; NE555
LITHIC SYSTEMS	LC555
MAXIM	ICM7555

Here is one of the common timer circuits on this chip.

As you can see, for assembly we will need not much more radio components than for previous circuits, and the timer will be more accurate and reliable, because the chip itself contains two dozen transistors and additional parts. For those who are especially curious, below is the filling of this microcircuit.

We will not list the types and ratings of the elements, since they are indicated in the diagram. Just pay attention to resistor R 2 and capacitor C 1 - in this version they are designed for a maximum time of 6 seconds, we need a larger range, so we will select others.

This can be done simply using the formula T=R×C. In it:

T - time in seconds;
R - resistor resistance in megaohms (but not more than 15 mOhm);
C is the capacitance of the capacitor.

Thus, in order to be able to set the time for a day (3600 seconds) without changing the value of the variable resistor, we calculate the capacitance of the capacitor using the formula - C =, in our case = 1800 microfarads. By the way, in order for the device to operate stably, it is better to choose capacitors with a small leakage, for example tantalum (although now others are almost never found).

Now let's talk about how the device works. As you noticed, on the circuit diagram of the 555 chip, all its pins except numbers have names.

The wiring of the microcircuit is connected to them, so in detail about each pin by number:

"Earth"- minus power is supplied to it.
"Launch"- to start the time countdown, a negative voltage is supplied to it through the SB 1 button.
"Exit"- during timing, this output has a voltage 1.7 volts below the supply voltage. It is supplied through resistor R 3 to the base of transistor VT 1 and opens it. The collector circuit includes the winding of relay K1, the contact of which K1.1 supplies voltage to the consumer connected to our timer socket. The diode VD 1 connected in parallel to the winding, as in previous devices, serves to eliminate the inrush current when the winding is turned off.
"Reset"- serves to supply low voltage to the output, regardless of the state of the timer. In other words, this is “Reset”, resetting all settings. To do this, you need to apply a negative voltage to it. To eliminate this, in our timer a small positive voltage is applied to it through resistor R2.
"Control"- in more complex circuits it can be controlled by the time of voltage supply to the “Output”. In this circuit and most others, in order to eliminate possible interference, it is connected to ground through capacitor C2.
"Stop" applying a negative voltage stops the timing. In this circuit it is not needed, so it is connected to the power supply positive. But, if necessary, you can add a countdown stop function by connecting it to another button in the same way as the “Start” output.
"Discharge"- through this pin the state of capacitor C 1 is monitored. The time of its charging sets the counting period.
"Nutrition"- as is understandable, positive voltage is supplied for the operation of the microcircuit.

As you can see, everything is simple and clear. You can also assemble the device either on a canopy or on a breadboard and install it in any suitable case.

Digital socket with timer

Moving from the simple to the complex, let's also consider the circuit of a modern homemade socket timer with our own hands - on a digital microcontroller. Here she is.

The diagram is taken from a foreign publication, so the types and values of some elements need explanation.

They are shown in the table below:

Designation on the diagram	Radio component type	Denomination	Quantity	Note
	Microcontroller P1C 8-bit	Р1С16F628А	1
	Bipolar transistor	РN2222	1
	Diode		2	Any rectifier
C1, C2	Capacitor	22 pF	2	The diagram erroneously states 22 µF
	Capacitor	0.1 µF	2
	Electrolytic capacitor	22 µF	1
MOUTH	Trimmer resistor	10 kOhm	1
	Resistor	10 kOhm
	Resistor	2.2 kOhm	1
	Resistor	1 kOhm	1
	Quartz resonator	4 MHz	1
Reley	Relay	5 V	1	Must be designed to switch a 220 volt load
	LCD display	16 x 2 LCD Display	1
Piezzo Buzzer	Buzzer (piezoelectric emitter)		1	Suitable for any electronic equipment
	Tact button		5
ICSP Header	Connector for connecting to a computer		1

In addition to the listed parts, we also need a power supply with a voltage of 5 volts and a suitable housing for assembling the device.

Installation is best done on a breadboard. The microcontroller also needs to be programmed - here is a link to the HEX file with the firmware. A cable for connecting to a computer can be found in stores selling radio components, and software for installing software for PIC microcontrollers can be downloaded. There shouldn’t be any difficulties, since everything is usually intuitive.

An example of assembly can be seen in the video:

The socket can turn the device on and off at a specified time. Range up to 99 hours 59 minutes.

There is no need to explain the operating principle:

We set the time to turn the device on and off using buttons. To make operation easier, a menu is displayed on the display. Moreover, the program has two timers, that is, you can set the on and off time.
In accordance with the installed program, the microcontroller sends a signal to its pin 9 (PB 3), which opens the transistor and supplies voltage to the relay winding. The relay in turn supplies voltage to the load.
For accurate time keeping, a quartz resonator is connected to the microcircuit.
The current state of the timer is shown on the display. Turning the device on and off is also accompanied by a signal from a piezoelectric emitter.

When assembling the device, you need to pay attention to the nuance that the diagram above uses a display without backlight. If it is provided, then pins 15 and 16 of the display must be connected to the power supply positive through a 39 ohm resistor.

Now let's move on to how to work with this timer. As mentioned above, five buttons are used.

Let's list what they are intended for:

“RESET” - as is understandable, resets all settings and timers to their original state.
“ON/OFF Time” - the button is used to switch between on and off timers. The display shows which of them you will be working with now.
“SELECT” - transition between hours and minutes of timer time. When enabled or reset, both timers are set to operate after zero hours and zero minutes. To increase the value of the selected parameter, press the “ON/OFF Time” button.
“ENTER” - enters the entered values.
“START” - starts the timer that we have selected. Pressing the button twice stops it.

Let's look at how to configure a socket using an example to make it more clear. For example, we need the lighting to turn on at 20 o'clock and turn off at 23. The instructions are as follows.

We turn on our timer, and the emitter should give a signal. If it was already turned on, then press “RESET” and reset the previous settings. The display will show a message at the top “Device is OFF” indicating that no voltage is being supplied to the load. When the device turns on, it will change to “Device is ON”.
At the bottom there will be a message “ON” or “OFF”, “- 00:00 NN:MM” indicating which timer is currently selected. Using the “ON/OFF Time” button, select the “ON” timer.
Press “SELECT”, now using the “ON/OFF Time” button we enter after how many hours it is necessary to apply voltage to the load. Let’s say it’s 4:30 pm now, which means in three hours and thirty minutes. Select the first value “03”, press “SELECT” again and select the second value “30”
Save the settings of the first timer with the “ENTER” button.
We start the first timer with the “START” button.
Let's move on to the second timer. Select it with the “ON/OFF Time” button. The word “OFF” should appear at the bottom of the display.
Just like for the first timer, press the “SELECT” button, and use the “ON/OFF Time” button to set the time after which our device will be turned off. That is, if it is now 16 hours 30 minutes, then 23 will be in 6 hours 30 minutes.
Press “START” again and the second timer will start.

Our outlet is neglected. At twenty o'clock the relay will supply voltage to the consumer. A signal will indicate that it has been turned on, and the display will change.

At twenty-three hours the reverse process will occur. The response time of any of the timers can be changed using the same manipulations when the countdown has already started. Using “RESET” you can reset two readings to zero at the same time.

Relay alternative

All of the above designs use electromagnetic relays as a device for switching off the load. However, they have many disadvantages.

The number of on-off cycles before failure of the relay is limited to several hundred thousand. Of course, if activated once a day, this resource will be enough for many years of operation, but a breakdown can occur even earlier.
Many relays have a distinct click when switched on and off. On the one hand, this signals operation, but sometimes complete silence is needed.
Due to the rattling of the contacts, the relay interferes with the electrical network. During the on-off process, a nearby receiver or amplifier may hear a crackling sound in the speaker. Interference can interfere with the normal functioning of other electronics.
When turning a powerful load on and off, a spark may jump between the contacts. If the housing is not sealed, in some cases (for example, a gas leak) this can be dangerous.

In the end, today relays can be considered obsolete. Therefore, it is possible to make all our circuits more compact and reliable, free from the listed disadvantages. It is enough to modernize them and use a triac instead of a relay. Here is one of them in the photo.

As you can see, it has only three outputs. This is a kind of key, one control electrode turns on and off the passage of current through the other two. This model VTA16-600 can control a load with a current of up to 16 amperes and a voltage of 600 volts. The voltage that needs to be applied to open it is only 5-15 volts. The relay that switches such power is several times larger in size.

In addition to triacs, thyristors are also used for switching (it is even correct to assume that the former are a type of the latter; a triac stands for symmetrical thyristor), but they are not suitable for timer sockets, since they control current of only one polarity. We need to work with alternating voltage, which is what triacs are designed for.

You can connect the triac directly to the transistors that control the relay. I’ll give you a diagram (though it shows thyristors instead of a triac, but that doesn’t matter, the principle is the same).

In the diagram, the thyristors are connected through a diode bridge to cut off the reverse polarity current; it is not needed for triacs. As you can see, the principle is almost the same.

To connect a triac instead of a relay, perform the following steps:

We connect a resistor with a nominal value of 100-500 Ohms instead of the relay winding.
A diode is not needed to eliminate the reverse current surge; we remove it.
We connect the triac electrodes in series with the load.
The control electrode is connected to the transistor in front of the resistor connecting its collector to the power supply positive.
The triac must be installed on the radiator.
We connect one of the conductors from the network to the power supply minus.

But it is worth noting that due to the last step, this approach also has a drawback - the electronic circuit turns out to be electrically connected to a 220 volt network. In the version with a relay, this is not the case; it is enough to reliably insulate the wires at the contacts.

This can lead to damage to parts when the triac breaks down on the control electrode. In addition, additional protective measures are required when manipulating the socket. If the handle of the variable resistor, with which we set the response time, or other control elements are not insulated, then electric shock may occur.

Therefore, for galvanic isolation it is advisable to install one more additional part - an optosimistor. This is what he looks like.

It is designed specifically for these purposes. Inside it there is an LED and a thyristor controlled by lighting from the LED. This ensures complete electrical isolation of the load control circuits and the load power network itself. We offer one of the mounting options for an optosimistor-triac pair below.

In this circuit, instead of a relay, the LED of the optosimistor is switched on through a resistor. Two additional resistors are also required for power matching. When voltage is applied to contacts “1” and “2” of the optosimistor, a signal appears at its output “4” sufficient to open the triac and supply voltage to the “MP” load. Circuit R3 - C1 is needed for protection against interference; if desired, you can dispense with it.

That's all we wanted to tell you about the daily timer in the outlet. We will be glad if our article helped you understand the purpose, capabilities and operating principles of such devices.

It’s great if you were able to assemble one of the proposed circuits, but even just expanding your knowledge of electronics and electrical engineering is a good result. Make your home more comfortable, and make your electrical appliances safe and economical.

A programmable socket with a digital timer allows you to get significant savings in your home budget due to reduced electricity consumption. We will tell you which socket with an on/off timer to buy, how different models differ, and what to look for when purchasing.

Programmable socket with on/off timer

Who among us has not had the opportunity to take a relaxing bath after a hard day at work and lie in a blissful mood in a comfortable bed? Unfortunately, the idyll quickly ends when we remember that we didn’t turn off the light in the living room. Fortunately for forgetful and busy people, switch and electrical socket programmers have appeared on the market.

Such a device will allow each person to perform appropriate control of the functioning of lighting in the house or turn electrical appliances on and off automatically at a given time. Currently, there are not only time-setting programmers on the market, but also devices that allow you to set the on-off sequence for each day.

The programmer can be connected to any electrical devices, but most often it is used for:

boiler control for heating water (especially in apartments where a two-tariff meter is used);
switching the lighting in the aquarium (this is necessary so that algae does not start to appear);
controlling an outdoor lamp, for example, in a garden (when it is necessary for it to be turned on only at certain times, for example, only in the evening, but not all night);
control of household appliances.

Advantages of a socket with a timer

Programmers operate on the principle of a voltage switch. The timer supplies voltage to the electrical plug of the device at a predetermined time. However, we must remember that the device connected to such a module is turned on, since the programmer itself will not turn it on for us.

Types of timer sockets and operating principle

How does a timer socket work?

The operation of the device is very simple - at a predetermined time, it turns off the devices connected to it. Such devices can be made with different configurations, but regardless of the type of programmer, the basic principle remains the same - it is enough to set the time at which the device connected to it should be turned off.

There are two types of devices:

mechanical, where the time is selected using buttons/wheel; it is characterized by noisier operation, less accuracy and most often uses only a daily cycle;
electronic, where adjustment is carried out electronically; The device is equipped with an electronic circuit, due to which it has high operating accuracy.

For all this to work, the switch must be connected to the contact, while the controlled device (for example, lighting) to the programmer. There are also circuit breakers that can be built into the electrical network.

Analog relays have the ability to program the switching time with an accuracy of up to 15 minutes. The power supply for programmers of this type is standard 220-240 V. The maximum load is 16 A. The timer has a grounding contact. In most cases we will also provide a 12 month warranty. The device attracts with a very low price. Therefore, it is advisable to invest this little money, connect the device to the lighting fixture and be sure that uninvited “guests” will not find out about our long absence from the house.

It differs from analog programmers in that it is equipped with a simple digital screen. Digital time relays have as many as 16 on and off programs in 1 minute increments. You can set up to 16 combinations for the entire week. The devices operate in 12 or 24 hour mode. This programmer can be set to daylight saving time. It will work in any, even extreme conditions, the maximum operating temperature is 40 degrees. Winter will not surprise him either, since his maximum resistance to frost is minus 10 °C.

The voltage required for operation is 220-240 VAC 50 Hz, maximum load 16 A, 3600 W. The device has a display with a second hand. Its use is very simple, since all installed programs are displayed on the screen, on individual days of the week. The only disadvantage we can note is the price, which is approximately twice as high as that of simpler analog programmers.

What to look for when purchasing?

Before you buy an electronic timer socket, you should study the instructions for it and pay attention to some parameters.

Work cycle

The timer can work in two ways, and therefore devices are divided into two types:

socket with weekly timer– the operation of the connected device is controlled depending on the day of the week. This is convenient, for example, when operating a hot water boiler, when residents of the home are at work or at school from Monday to Friday and hot water is not required during the daytime, but on weekends they spend this time at home.
socket with daily timer– The timer can be programmed using a 24-hour operating cycle, for example, the connected device will turn on every 15 minutes for 15 minutes.

Very often, switches are equipped with the ability to program in both directions, so that the user does not have to decide at the purchase stage how to set up the timer socket, which operating cycle is suitable for him.

Connection

On sale you can find two types of connection of these devices:

through electrical sockets - connects directly to the contact;
via DIN rail - it can be installed on the home electrical panel cabinet.

Nutrition

Most of the programmers available on the market are designed for home use and connected to a 220-230 V power source.

Built-in battery

Often, for a house or apartment, people decide to buy a mechanical socket timer, which, after an emergency shutdown and subsequent switching on of the electricity, turns on itself and continues to work without problems, since the entered parameters are not lost. However, nowadays, many electronic timer sockets have protection in the form of a built-in battery, which keeps the device operating even after a loss of power, so the device can continue to operate in the set mode even after a power outage.

Maximum load power

This is a very important parameter that allows you to determine which devices can be connected to an outlet with a timer. Before purchasing, you should check the power of the devices that will be time-controlled, and based on this, select the appropriate model.

Programming accuracy

The above parameter allows you to set, with a specified accuracy, the time when you need to turn off/on the device. The most accurate are digital electronic timer sockets, which allow you to program the device with an accuracy of 1 minute. Mechanical programmers most often allow you to set the time with an accuracy of 5-15 minutes.

Certificates and security

If the timer is located in a place subject to adverse influences, for example, outdoors, it is worth checking whether the device has the appropriate certificates indicating good sealing and durability of the case.

One of the most commonly used standards is IPxx (instead of x, specific numbers are indicated on the device), where the first digit determines the degree of dust resistance, the second - the degree of moisture resistance. The higher the numbers, the higher the protection from external influences.

Additional functions

Time timers, depending on their purpose, can be equipped with additional functions that control not only time, but also:

room temperature measurement, which is very convenient when using timers designed to control, for example, heating;
ventilation control mechanism– makes sure that the room, for example a bathroom, is not ventilated for too long.

Some of the programmable timer outlets are sold with a remote control, making additional, wireless control possible. These kits are more expensive, so it’s worth considering whether such a device is necessary in the apartment. Of course, this solution is very convenient when the programmer is located in a hard-to-reach place.

There are also outlet timers on the market that can be controlled using an app on your smartphone or tablet, making it even easier to control the programmer. For example, the EdiMax Smart Plug model. The SP-1101W is a SmartPlug that controls home electronics, making them more dynamic, as well as much more convenient and functional. It can be used to create an automatic power control schedule.

SmartPlug devices allow you to control the power of electronic devices using an application installed on your smartphone or tablet. The SP-1101W can also send an email informing the user that the device connected to it has been manually turned on or off.

Worth knowing!

In most cases, a shutdown timer for a computer is not required, since there are software solutions, and even systems, that allow you to control the operating time of such equipment. If you don't need to install additional software or use more features, you can use a simple command entered at the command line: shutdown -s -t X, where X is the number of seconds after which the Windows operating system will shut down.

Socket with on/off timer price

Review – elektrostandard socket with video timer

To save electricity in the apartment, many people choose a device called a timer socket. With it, you can simply set the time when you need to turn off the lights, lights or other devices. The timer is an ideal solution for those who want to save energy.

If there is a need to control the turning on and off of any electrical appliances, then it is unlikely that you can find a simpler, cheaper and more practical way than using an outlet with a timer. With its power, you can program the on and off times of almost any modern electrical device, thus tailoring its operation to your needs. Such an outlet will be discussed in this article, in which, together with the website, we will look at the device, capabilities and varieties that a modern outlet with a timer has.

Socket with timer photo

Socket with timer: capabilities and scope

There is no need to talk much about the purpose and scope of application of this device - a socket with an electronic or mechanical timer is a highly specialized product and is used exclusively for controlling the operating modes of household electrical equipment. Let's give a simple example, from which everything will immediately become clear and understandable - let's take a regular fan heater and see how you can configure its operation using a socket with a timer. Everything here is quite simple - on the control panel we set the on and off time. Let's say, at 5:00 it turns on and heats the room, and when you leave for work (let this happen at 9:00), it turns off automatically.

With the same success, you can program the outlet for a whole day or even a week in advance and not touch the issue of controlling the fan heater for a long time. You ask, what does such control of an electrical appliance provide? Why spend extra money on purchasing an outlet with a timer? I will answer simply - this is saving energy resources and comfort in the house, which is ensured by automatic control. In fact, a socket with a timer is an integral element of a modern system. By and large, using this device you can control any electrical appliances - take, for example, street lighting. With a little modernization and adding a socket with a timer to the circuit, you can program the time for turning the lights on and off - for example, at 20:00 the park lights are turned on, and at 5:00 they are turned off, so as not to waste electricity. In general, the time to turn the lighting on and off can be set based on personal needs.

Socket with electronic timer photo

With the same success, you can program the lighting in the aquarium, the work - in the latter case, this, of course, is not very practical, but when you leave the house for a long time, such an outlet will show what it is capable of. She will turn on the water heater a couple of hours before your arrival, and you can easily enjoy the benefits of civilization immediately upon arriving home. This is how a timer socket works. By the way, another area of its application is systems that are assembled from electric convectors independent of each other.

Types and features of an electrical outlet with a timer

There are not many varieties of indoor or outdoor socket with a timer, and, by and large, they can be classified according to only two criteria - the type of control of the socket and its capabilities. Based on the type of control, all currently existing products of this type can be divided into two types.

Almost all electronic sockets can be used as a home clock - they can constantly display the current time, and a small built-in battery can ensure that the specified information is saved for a long time. Also, most advanced models of this type provide automatic transition to winter and summer time - this nuance must be configured based on your own time zone.

To conclude the topic, I’ll add that a socket with a timer (both electronic and mechanical) can be manufactured in two versions. In one case, it is a full-fledged device installed directly into the socket box (a stationary version, so to speak), and in another case, it can be some kind of adapter that has a separate plug and can be inserted into any household outlet.

Finally, I will say that among such devices there are not only sockets for the home or the street. You can also purchase programmable circuit breakers mounted in apartments. With their help, you can organize the operation of most periodically used equipment - for example, windows can be opened and closed at certain times of the day. In general, a socket with a timer and similar devices are very useful devices that help make a person’s home a little smarter and make life much easier for its inhabitants.