Where to start building a house step by step construction. From foundation to roof - stages of construction of a private house

Of course, to this difficult task - building your own house, as they say, “from scratch”, It is necessary to involve specialists at all stages of construction.

But the question is that there are almost always several options for solving a given construction problem. The choice of options is always yours.

When entrusting work to reputable contractors, and even more so when hiring a team of construction workers, it is necessary to constantly monitor the correctness of the chosen design solutions and technologies, the quality of the work and the materials used.

Very often, family members carry out construction work themselves, choosing materials, designs and technologies.

Knowing how is a prerequisite successful completion of building a house for yourself.

Building a house should begin with gaining knowledge:

Read books, magazines, websites and forums, watch video clips on the construction of private country houses and cottages. Necessarily Find local magazines, websites and forums about this theme.
Exhibition centers in large cities and regional centers regularly hold regional exhibitions on the topic of low-rise construction. Be sure to visit such exhibitions. There You will find information about construction technologies, materials, services and prices available in the region, and also look and touch different options for technologies, designs and materials.
Chat with friends, acquaintances, make new acquaintances at exhibitions and forums - get out of them their experience of building a private house.

Already at this stage, collect information and feedback on the work of local organizations, private entrepreneurs, teams and individual workers specializing in performing certain work on the construction of low-rise buildings.

First of all, choose a designer, to whom you will entrust adjustments and linking of the house design to the conditions of the construction site.

Building a house is a complex, multifaceted activity. Even if you read a lot of materials on the topic of construction, then Without experience, you still won’t be able to fully control the quality and understand the logic construction work.

A professional technical supervision engineer will help you:

Select a project and materials for building a house.
Select a contractor and draw up an agreement with him.
Check estimates for the scope of work, materials, costs and prices.
Monitor the execution of work for compliance with SNiP and established practice.
Monitor the purchase and consumption of materials by the contractor.
Accept the implementation of hidden stages of construction work, check the work completion certificates drawn up by the contractor.
Be your representative at the construction site, defend your interests before the contractor.

Search and selection of construction site

If a building site already exists, proceed to the next step. If not, start searching for a site, keeping in mind first of all the criteria of the locality, in which you would like to live.

If possible, choose an area with a slight slope for water drainage, not flooded, with a permeable top layer of soil, with a low groundwater level.

Try to purchase a plot of land that has, at a minimum, a road suitable for truck traffic and an electrical network. Such a site usually costs more, but the presence of communications will significantly reduce further construction costs and speed up the start of construction.

If there are no such communications near the site, then from the village administration you will receive information about the timing of their construction and how much will it cost you? Look at the documents confirming the reality of the communications construction plans. For example, the existence of an agreement between the village administration and the grid organization on the technological connection of the village to the electrical network.

Find out how the administration’s obligations to you for the construction of roads and other central communications will be formalized. This could be your membership in a cooperative, partnership, non-profit partnership or entering into an agreement. Assess the risk - buy a plot and wait for communications for many years! This is not uncommon in Russian practice.

Find out the results from the seller of the plot or the village administration radiation monitoring of the intensity of release from soil

Home design

Conditions for connecting a house to networks

Immediately after purchase and receiving registration documents for the site, issue a permit for

If there are other central networks in the village - water supply, sewerage, gas pipelines, obtain permission to connect to these networks. The owners of the networks will conclude an agreement with you and issue technical conditions for connecting your home to the network, requirements that must be taken into account in the project.

Rules for site development from the village administration

At the village administration it is necessary to obtain an architectural and planning assignment for the design and construction of a house. Or it may be another document containing the necessary information and requirements for construction on the site (construction rules, etc.). Look at the village development project.

You need to know the layout of the street near the site construction - boundaries of the roadway, sidewalk, lawn, location of central communications for electricity, water, gas supply and sewerage, street lighting.

Administration documents usually contain requirements for the placement of buildings on the site. It is necessary to place a house, a garage, outbuildings, a septic tank, and a well (borehole) on the site not the way you want, but according to the standard site plan.

All developers in the village must adhere to a certain plan so that, for example, the septic tank on your site does not end up next to your neighbor’s well, fire breaks are maintained between buildings on neighboring sites, etc.

To make the streets of the village look attractive, establish requirements for the number of storeys of houses, for the appearance of facades and fences, for the height of plantings on street lawns and near the house. The facades of all houses must be located on the same line.

Be sure to find out how the village organizes (or will organize) the collection from sites and drainage of surface water from the territory of the village. The construction of roads, fences on strip foundations and other construction activities block natural routes for water flow. The areas will gradually become swampy or periodically flooded. Moreover, visible traces of waterlogging may appear only after several years.

To drain surface water, underground storm sewer pipes are usually laid or surface gutters (ditches) are installed along streets or along property boundaries.

In Russian practice, village administrations often do not plan, and site developers do not require, the installation of organized storm drainage in the village. As a result, each owner tries to solve this problem on his own and is not always successful.

Your plans for the placement of buildings, the construction of a fence and the construction of paths for water drainage coordinate with the owners of neighboring plots.

The requirements of the village administration must be taken into account, otherwise you will not receive permission to build a house.

Buy a ready-made house project

Be sure to select and buy a ready-made house project. The house design is selected based on certain requirements -

Before purchasing a project, show it to a specialist (architect, builder with experience), listen to his opinion about the project. If possible, try to visit a house that was built according to the chosen project.

Pay attention to the technologies used in the construction of a house according to the chosen project. Is the construction technology suitable for you and how does it fit in with the planned method of building the house? Are you going to carry out the work yourself or will you use the services of private teams or a reputable construction company for turnkey construction.

Make sure that the purchased project is sufficiently detailed, then during construction there will be no additional difficulties.

When purchasing, check the climatic conditions for which the project was made - outside air temperature, snow and wind loads.

Linking a house project

Outsource to local designers tie (adjust) the project to the conditions of the construction site.

Be sure to tie the foundations to the ground conditions of the construction site. and the design of the house will provide the necessary minimum costs for its construction.

Major changes in the project: replacing the material and arrangement of walls, the size of openings in the walls, installing additional windows, replacing floors, must also be entrusted to specialist designers.

Be sure to think about what engineering systems will your house be equipped with?.

In addition to traditional and mandatory engineering systems - power supply, heating, water supply, sewerage, ventilation, decide on the need to have in the house and on the site:

Air conditioning system.
Security and fire alarms.
Intercom.
Video surveillance system.
Devices for receiving television and Internet signals.
Central vacuum cleaner.
External lighting of the site and access to the site.
Plumbing on site.
Backup electric generator.
Control system for entrance gates to the site.
Protecting your home from lightning strikes.

The design of the systems must be provided for in the house design. Often the solution to this issue is left for later, and this inevitably leads to alterations; it is necessary to adapt options that are not the most effective, convenient and cheap.

Make all changes to the project before construction begins. This will allow you to avoid rash decisions and additional costs during the construction process.

The designer will develop a drawing - a plan for the location of the house and other structures on the site, taking into account your wishes, the requirements of the village administration and SNiP.

On the site plan it is necessary to select in advance and indicate on the drawing the location of not only the house, but also the well or well, outbuildings, driveways, for recreation and parking, as well as the route of water supply pipes, sewerage and the place where electrical wires enter the house.

A drawing with a site development plan will be required for obtaining permission to build a house.

At the design stage, if there are already neighbors’ houses nearby, try to find out their experience:

what kind of sewage system they have and where;
who has what foundation;
what is better, a well or a well, how deep and where they are located;
what is the level of groundwater in the area in spring and autumn;
what soils lie and at what depth.

This information will help you, together with the designer, choose the optimal solutions for the location and design of water supply systems, as well as the design of the future home.

Vertical layout of the site

I advise develop a drawing. The plan will indicate the vertical marks (height location) of all buildings and structures on the site. In addition, the slopes of the ground surface, paths and driveways on the site will be specified, which will make it possible to plan in advance and direct the surface water flow in the desired direction.

The plan also identifies places on the site where it is necessary to cut or, conversely, add soil, and how much soil should be moved from where and where. For example, you must know in advance what to do with the soil remaining after the construction of a foundation, well, septic tank or sewage treatment plant.

Lack of a vertical layout plan usually leads to problems that need to be addressed. additional costs will be required. For example, a house or other structures end up being too deep into the ground and problems arise with water drainage.

Soil, which with rational planning could have been left on the site, has to be removed, or vice versa, it suddenly turns out that there is not enough soil, etc.

Project, estimate - why are they needed?

A project is a plan of what and how to do, how much and what materials need to be used for this. Our grandfathers cut down huts and built huts with a project in mind.

A modern house is a much more complex object, which uses a large number of different materials and technologies, and is saturated with engineering communications. An object that must comply with numerous rules and regulations.

An attempt to build a modern house according to a “project in my head” will inevitably lead to alterations, a decrease in quality and increased construction costs.

Based on the project, an estimate is made - an estimate that determines the cost of materials, machinery and labor required to complete the work. Estimates are made for individual stages of construction, for example, building a foundation, laying walls, installing windows, and for the facility in general.

Estimate for installation of heated floors - example. All work is scheduled (the top line is for reference). You clearly see what and how much you are paying for.

An estimate is a plan for your construction costs.

The project and estimate should form the basis of the contract contract between the customer and the construction contractor. If you have these documents each party clearly knows what needs to be done and how much to pay for it.

As a rule, work on a construction site begins only after the following entry appears on each sheet of the project: “For work”, under which will be your signature, and the signature of the contractor - foreman, foreman or director of the construction company, certified by a seal.

What happens if the developer tries to build a relationship with the contractor without a project and estimate?

Without project and estimate

What happens if the developer tries to build a relationship with the contractor without a project and estimate.

It is good if the mutual understanding with the contractor reached at the start of the project is maintained until its completion. But what to do if at some point the desired understanding disappeared, or perhaps developed into rejection?

Very often in this case the case goes to court, and the construction company that started and carried out the construction of a house without a project will most likely lose this court. Its only salvation is if you sign the following phrase in the contract: “The customer insists that the house will be built without a design, and assumes all responsibility, including negative consequences.” I very much doubt that you will agree to sign such an agreement. Yes, and conscientious a responsible contractor will not agree to work without a project.

But it’s quite the opposite with small offices and private teams. They, unlike serious companies, will be happy to build without a project, because they understand that without a project and estimates, they can build as they want, as quickly and easily as possible.

And most importantly, You will always have to pay them extra for everything, because you will constantly hear from them the phrase: “We didn’t agree on this, we need to pay extra!”

And later, when you realize that there is a budget overrun and they didn't build you what you wanted, you will hear in response: “E khazyaIn, you yourself hatEl, and so they did it...”.

It will be useless to sue them, and what’s the point - time is wasted, and alterations will cost even more.

So, if you have a lot of money and time, there is an opportunity to “live” at a construction site in order to manage the process that you have in your head, then construction without drawings, estimates and projects is for you.

Permission to build a house

The next stage of building a house is the procedure for obtaining a building permit. It is taken from the administration of the locality in which the site is located.

Continued on next page 2:

Building your own home is a responsible process that involves a large number of preparatory steps. Without a competent, step-by-step work plan, it will not be possible to erect a high-quality and durable building.

1. Site selection

The basis of a quality house with a long service life is a good site. The selected area must meet certain requirements in order to be suitable for construction.

First of all, you should pay attention to the type of site. The only suitable one is individual housing construction for individual housing construction. Other types of land are suitable only for the construction of country houses and garden houses, but are not suitable for permanent residences.

The following factors need to be considered:

Price. It should not be too low or high compared to neighboring areas. You should choose the size of the plot based on your budget. The most economical option is 4-6 acres. You can even place a house, outbuildings, a recreation area and a place for growing crops on it;
Ecology of the area. Landfills, wastewater treatment plants, major highways, swamps and peat bogs that emit toxins and easily burn should not be located nearby. Please note the remoteness of airports. In the suburbs of the capital, some areas pass under airplane tracks, which is why you can often encounter excessive noise;
Transport accessibility. There should be a bus stop or electric train station within a radius of 1-5 kilometers. Roads must be comfortable, concreted or asphalt, with the ability to drive directly to the site and park your own car on it;
Network engineering. Availability of water supply or wells and electricity is required; gas, drainage, and sewerage are desirable;
Soil type and groundwater depth. If the latter are located too close to the soil surface, you can forget about building a high-quality foundation. Soil type is also important for those who want to engage in farming.
Landscape. It is advisable to avoid purchasing plots with elevation differences: this will complicate construction and make it more expensive.

After purchase, you should order the services of surveyors. They are necessary to determine where groundwater is located and how stable the soil is. Without this data it is impossible to build a house correctly. Surveyors will tell you where to lay the foundation for the well and where to start building the foundation.

2. Calculation of estimates and budget

The budget is the most important thing after the site, on which the quality of the residential building depends. You cannot begin work without calculating all stages of work.

First you need to draw up a rough estimate, taking into account all upcoming expenses. This estimate will then be redone together with the foreman if the owner decides to order the services of a construction company.

The following factors influence the amount of spending:

Building project. One-story buildings with a simple roof and a shallow foundation are cheaper. The fewer floors and rooms, the more economical it will be to build a cottage. Also, the amount of expenses depends on the method of drawing up the project: you can buy it, order it for individual development, or create it yourself;
Engineering communications, additional heating elements. About 35-40% of the budget is spent on connecting networks. If you buy an inexpensive plot, with a high degree of probability, you will have to make your own well, borehole, septic tank, spend money on gas heating boilers, etc.;
Interior decoration and furniture. When purchasing independently, you can save 20% of the original cost;
Outbuildings. You may need a garage, guest house, gazebo, barbecue shed, bathhouse, etc.;
Landscape design. It is important to immediately arrange the area next to the house, including in the estimate the planting of trees, flowers and other plants, as well as possible redevelopment of heights and digging up soil. You should not abandon landscape design in order to save money: this will significantly reduce the attractiveness of the site. To reduce costs, you can calculate everything and draw up a plan yourself;
Project executor. The cheapest way to build a building yourself is easier and faster - with the help of a construction company. The best option is to hire a team that will do the basic work, and then do the interior finishing yourself.

According to the experience of many developers of residential and seasonal country houses, it is better not to completely refuse the services of professionals: architects, designers, builders. This will reduce the quality of the building and can lead to costly repairs due to poor foundation laying or illiterate construction of floors.

3. Create a project

The design of the future home, first of all, depends on the construction budget. If the owner is limited in funds, he can count on a 1-2 storey house with a small number of rooms, built from panels according to a standard design. With a large budget, the “flight of fancy” is much wider.

If you want to build a cottage on a limited budget, it is recommended to buy a ready-made project, which usually comes with construction work. It’s cheap and safe: ready-made building plans are approved by technical supervision and meet legal and fire safety requirements. They are quickly erected and cost little.

If you need a building with your own architecture, you can order the development of a plan from professional architects. You can carry out the work yourself if the owner has experience in the field of construction and architecture. To competently draw up a project, you will need 3D modeling programs or drawing tools and consumables.

When designing, it is important to take into account some legal requirements:

the house must be located at least 3 meters from the fence, 5 m from the road;
distance from the forest – from 15 meters;
outbuildings are located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the fence;
wooden buildings must be separated from each other by no less than 15 meters, concrete and brick - by 10 (for fire safety purposes);
on individual housing construction plots it is allowed to build houses with no more than 3 levels (floors);
the total area of the building is no more than 1.5 thousand square meters. m.

More detailed requirements can be found in the following sets of documents: SNiP, Land Code, Town Planning Code. It is necessary to clarify the construction rules with the settlement administration and the fire safety department.

4. Obtaining a building permit

To legally build a residential building, you must obtain a permit. This document is issued by the administration of the village or locality and is valid for 10 years from the date of receipt.

To obtain a permit, you must provide the following documents:

finished building project;
mark the boundaries of the placement of buildings on the site;
show documents certifying ownership of the plot, etc.

A complete list of required papers can be found at your local administration.

The house design should also be agreed upon with the fire department. This is done both at the design stage and when utilities are connected.

In order not to go through bureaucratic authorities several times, it is better to immediately indicate on the plan the network connection diagram. A specialist from technical supervision will help you do this competently, who can also help you calculate the budget and coordinate the project with the village administration.

The cost of completing all the work with documents is approximately 1% of the total construction cost.

5. Construction of utility structures and purchase of materials

Once permission has been obtained, construction materials can be purchased. At this point, it must be determined who will be involved in the construction process - a construction organization, a private foreman or yourself.

If all the work is delegated to the company, this point can be skipped: the organization itself will purchase everything necessary and create conditions for storing materials. But when building it yourself or hiring a private team, the process is much more complicated.

The following zones must be clearly demarcated on the site:

construction;
for garbage and waste;
for storing materials;
for accommodation of the crew or the owner himself.

It is necessary to order delivery to the site of a sufficient amount of sand, crushed stone, and soil, if necessary.

It is better to organize the storage of materials in a small outbuilding that will protect them from the sun and moisture. Otherwise, not only wood, but even brick may deteriorate due to the aggressive influence of the external environment.

When purchasing materials, it is better to give preference to trusted construction organizations. It is better to purchase everything in one go (or maximum 2) to save on delivery. You can only buy certified products, as they come with a quality guarantee.

6. Start of construction

It is recommended to start building a house in mid-spring. This is explained by favorable weather conditions: the night air temperature rarely drops below 0-5 degrees, and the materials do not deteriorate. If we start work during this period, there will be about 6 more months before the cold weather to complete the project.

If the house is permanent, then the process will have to be frozen for the winter and resumed next spring. This is a common practice due to the fact that most building materials take time to shrink.

Foundation structure

Working with the foundation is the most important. The durability of the entire building depends on the quality of its execution. Under no circumstances should you save money here.

The foundation should be built where groundwater is not adjacent to the surface. It is imperative to use the information previously received from the surveyor.

It is better to entrust the arrangement of the foundation to professionals. After completing the work, you need to give time for the initial part of the building to shrink.

Construction of walls, ceilings and roofs

When the foundation is strong and settled, the construction of walls begins. The material for them is selected based on the budget. The most economical options are lining covered with sandwich panels, foam blocks and gas silicate blocks. The latter are very convenient during the installation process. It is recommended to use them, especially if the construction is carried out independently.

During the construction of walls, we must not forget about insulation. It is necessary if the house is not used seasonally, but constantly.

When the walls and roof are ready, they need to be given time to shrink, and then double-glazed windows and doors should be installed. This stage is the “house for rough finishing”.

Connecting utilities

A building without running water and electricity cannot be fully used even in summer. Using about 35-40% of the total budget, you should connect communications with the help of professionals:

electricity;
water;
sewerage

If there is no sewerage system, it is advisable to install a septic tank. For areas where the water supply is turned off in winter, a well is usually installed.

Connection of communications must be carried out under the supervision of technical supervision, in agreement with the fire inspectorate.

Finishing work

Finishing is the easiest stage. This is the final stage, during which you can forget about paperwork and difficult construction processes. After interior decoration, the premises are furnished and become suitable for living.

Planning to build a house should begin with choosing a plot of land. Here it is necessary to take into account a number of factors: location, area of the site, proximity to central communications, presence of the surrounding landscape (forest, pond), etc. After selecting a land plot, a land allotment should be issued for it. If the land is privately owned, then to acquire it it is enough to conclude a purchase and sale agreement with its owner.

How to plan your future home

After registering land rights, it’s time to move on to designing your future home. Here it is necessary to take into account the material from which it will be built (wood, brick), its total area and number of floors, the presence of utilities, as well as courtyard buildings. You should order a house project from an organization that has a license to carry out design work. Before starting the design of the project, it will be necessary to obtain technical conditions regarding the nuances of connecting communications to the future home.

If you plan to build a house of 3 floors or higher, the developed project will need to be approved by the relevant authorities. This work can be entrusted to the shoulders of the design organization itself. Next, after preparing the project, you should obtain a construction permit. It is issued by the local government authority at the location of the future home.

How to start construction

Once the future owner of the house has completed all the necessary documents, construction can begin. There are 2 options here. Thus, the owner of the property has the right to build it on his own with the participation of assistants. The advantage of this method is significant cost savings compared to the involvement of third-party contractors.

The second option is to conclude a contract with a construction company, which must also have a license to carry out construction and installation work. In such an agreement, it is recommended to stipulate everything down to the smallest detail (cost of work, deadlines for completion, procedure for eliminating deficiencies, responsibility of the contractor, etc.). The execution of the work itself must be documented in an act(s).

Upon completion of the construction of the house, the necessary communications should be provided to it. This can be done using the appropriate services.

When the house is built

Having completed the construction of a house, you need to make a technical passport for it at the BTI. Having it in hand, the house must be put into operation. To confirm this, an act of putting the house into operation is drawn up. It should have 3 signatures: an architect, a firefighter and a representative of the sanitary-epidemiological station. After putting the house into operation, it is necessary to register ownership of it. This is done by contacting the relevant registration service authority.

For many years now, individual construction has become the most effective way for our fellow citizens to solve their housing problem once and for all. Fortunately, there is more than enough free land in the country, and, as a rule, there are no problems with registering it as property. Most often, it is obtained (purchased) precisely in order to build a house for one’s family to live in. But where to start building your own house, so that later there will be no friction with local authorities and supervisory structures?

Let's consider the general algorithm of the developer's actions. At the same time, we immediately note that some of the provisions set out below may differ slightly from the real state of affairs, since administrations at all levels are given the right to make their own additions to all-Russian regulatory documents based on the specifics of the region. Thus, this issue is regulated by local authorities, who adopt relevant regulations that are binding in a given administrative territory.

But the general list of organizational activities remains unchanged, and you should know it.

Obtaining a building permit

Owning a plot of land does not mean that a residential building can be built on it. There is such a concept - “targeted use of land”. But for what kind of construction are these “hundreds of square meters” allowed to be allocated? If they belong to the “residential” category, then everything is in order.

You can clarify this issue with the local administration, and confirmation that the construction of a private house is permitted on this plot must be in writing. Otherwise, there is a possibility that the building will be demolished by decision of the judicial authorities. Unfortunately, there are many examples of this. Who exactly to contact, what documents to submit - about all this.

Preparatory activities

It is necessary to clarify with all resource supply organizations the possibility of connecting the utility lines of the house to common highways. This will help you draw up a project correctly, providing not only all the necessary “stuffing” of the structure, but also options for arranging autonomous systems. For this purpose, you need to request technical specifications (technical conditions) from the relevant services.
Conducting geodetic research. First, it is necessary to study the composition of the soil. Secondly, the location of underground water layers. Based on the research results, the type of foundation, the possibility of arranging a basement, the number of floors of the building, and much more are determined. This will also help you choose the optimal type of source (well or borehole) for an autonomous water supply system.
Project development. A thinking person will never build by eye. This will not only lead to the fact that the operation of such a building will create a lot of problems, but there will be confusion with the selection and purchase of building materials. And if we are talking about a residential building, and even several floors, then this work should be entrusted to specialists.

It is worth special mentioning the following questions:

Definitions of material for construction. As a rule, in each situation there are at least two equivalent options. How to solve this issue so that the quality is at its best and the money doesn’t bite?

Who will build? No one has yet managed to independently build a turnkey residential building. Even if you built the foundation, walls and roof with your own hands, installation of utilities will not be possible without the involvement of specialists. This requires not only specialized technical knowledge, but also appropriate equipment (tools) and work experience.

When ordering a project You should clarify whether this organization has departments involved in the installation of engineering systems (and which ones?). Practice shows that much less inconvenience arises if specialists from the same “department” are involved in both the development of the project and the implementation of technological operations at the site. Even if something goes wrong, you can always point out that the documentation was prepared by “your people.” In such cases, all alterations are carried out at the expense of the Contractor, and not the owner, without additional proceedings.

It also seems important the issue of site planning. After all, if only a house project is ordered, then everything else is at the discretion of the developer. The difficulty is that there are certain norms and requirements for the location of objects. For example, at what distance should the building be from a fence, road, buildings in adjacent areas, at what minimum distance should a well be installed? There are many nuances, and not every developer is “in the know.” But designers are obliged to know and take all this into account.

If construction will be carried out on a new plot of land, then it is much more expedient to pay for the development of the entire layout. As a rule, specialists prepare several options taking into account the customer’s comments. And then it’s easy, by way of discussion, to correct something. Yes, it will require additional money, but it's worth it.

A few notes

Before deciding on the feasibility of building a residential building, it is advisable to pay attention to a number of points. The fact is that if all this is not taken into account, then great difficulties may arise, for example, if you want to sell the building.

Prospect of residence

A situation may arise when the question of relocation arises. This happens extremely rarely, but it’s still worth noting. For example, in a few years it turns out that according to such and such a master plan, for example, a federal highway, a pipe line will pass through the site - there may be enough options.

In this case, by law, the authorities are obliged to pay full compensation to the owner and provide either another plot or other ready-made housing before work begins. But, firstly, practice shows that of the two sides - the owner of the house and the state - the latter is never the loser. Secondly, how many difficulties in life all this rigmarole will add is not worth mentioning.

By the way, this is exactly what an inattentive buyer of a land plot is often caught doing. Dishonest sellers, having learned in advance that the territory development plan will involve it in the general infrastructure, try to sell it as quickly as possible, often voicing a very attractive price.

Therefore, it would be useful to make inquiries with the relevant structures (urban planning and architecture). This issue is especially relevant for land plots located on the outskirts of settlements or in rural areas. By the way, any taxpayer has the right to familiarize himself with the General Development Plan of this administrative unit.

Ecology

Officials give construction permission without particularly paying attention to this aspect - they will not have to live on this site. And the developer should check if there is nearby:

hazardous industries;
city or other landfills.

By the way, it is also important whether it is planned to build an industrial facility near the house (if so, which one?), a highway, a local airfield, and the like (again to the question of the General Plan).

Changing the "landscape"

If the site is “virgin”, then you will have to coordinate your actions with the administration and the “forest” inspection. Unauthorized cutting down of plantings entails liability in accordance with the law.

From this article you can learn how to build your own house with your own hands at minimal cost and choose the optimal material for this. The text describes possible ways to save money and tips on how to avoid mistakes during work. The article examines the features of projects based on frame technology, brick, timber, gas blocks and other materials, as well as the cost-effectiveness of each of them.

Building a house from scratch always comes with high costs. Not every owner of a suburban area can afford to implement such a project, regardless of the numbers in the estimate. In most cases, you have to build a cheap home yourself to fit within your budget. However, when resorting to savings, you need to clearly understand in what cases it will be reasonable, since subsequently the owner himself and his relatives will have to live in this building.

Which house is cheaper to build?: choosing an economical project

Savings begin with the rational allocation of funds and the correct choice of project. The more complex the shape and architecture of the building, the higher the costs will be.

After choosing a suitable project, you can build a house cheaply and quickly, but for this you need to take into account the following nuances:

Simple layout and building diagram.
Minimum amount of area.
Optimal materials.
Use of substandard formwork.
The right approach to land work.

Important! You should not skimp on the quality of materials or technical supervision when constructing an expensive project. It is better to limit your choice to a small building with a regular roof and without complex architectural elements, then you will not have to resort to cutting costs.

By choosing a project with a minimum number of architectural forms, you can increase the chances of fitting into a limited budget. To develop the optimal home layout, you need to use space wisely. For one person, 11 m² of space is enough. By multiplying this indicator by the number of family members, and adding general purpose rooms and sanitary facilities to the result, you can get a house that is optimal in all respects.

No matter how difficult the soil on the site is, you need to buy suitable materials to build a house. When choosing what to build a house from, you should not strive for maximum savings at the expense of quality. The same applies to the services of specialists hired to perform work that cannot be done by hand, or to prepare documentation with the appropriate permits. If you take light-weight materials, you can reduce the load on the foundation part and get by with the construction of a simplified foundation.

Significant savings can be achieved by using substandard forms for the construction of formwork structures. At the same time, it is highly undesirable to reduce costs on cement. The grade of material must be of high quality, otherwise premature destruction of the structure will occur.

By calculating the correct depth level based on the mass of the building, you can prevent severe shrinkage of the house. This will reduce the risk of cracks and other defects that may require significant repair costs in the future.

How to build a house with your own hands: photos of projects from different materials

If the construction will be done with your own hands, it is necessary to calculate the costs - preliminary drawing up an estimate. The most economical and fastest method of construction is frame technology. Such structures are stable, practical and not subject to deformation changes. The service life of houses built using frame technology is about 75 years. There are no restrictions on the use of cladding.

The time frame for building a house with your own hands using frame technology usually takes several months. In some cases, you can limit yourself to a few weeks.

There are two types of frame technology:

Panel.
Panel.

Note! It is possible to build an inexpensive house using frame technology if the length of the building does not exceed 20 m and there are no more than 3 floors. In other cases, such a project will be costly.

Frame-panel technology allows you to carry out construction with your own hands. This process consists of the following steps:

making a frame from wood;
laying waterproofing and insulation;
installation of panels as cladding.

In this case, the speed of construction of the building is significantly reduced, since each element is mounted separately.

Frame-panel technology does not require much effort, it is reliable, but is accompanied by higher costs than the previous option. This method involves building a house based on ready-made factory-produced panels. The owner of the summer cottage will only have to correctly assemble all the structural elements

When deciding what to build an inexpensive and high-quality house from, in most cases developers give preference to the following materials:

brick;
wooden beam;
gas blocks.

Based on these materials, you can create a beautiful and comfortable home with your own hands. In each case, construction will have certain advantages and disadvantages.

Frame technology: what to build a house from inexpensively and with high quality, pros and cons

Using frame technology, the owner of a summer cottage deals with both the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

The positive side of this method is as follows:

Cost-effective – technology allows you to create cheap housing yourself.
Lighter weight of the building - due to this, the foundation part of the building can be simplified.
High speed of construction.
No shrinkage - the walls are not subject to deformation changes.
The walls retain heat well, so it becomes possible to reduce heating costs.

Warming up of frame houses occurs quite quickly. Since the walls are made of materials with low thermal conductivity, heat loss is minimal.

There are not many disadvantages of frame technology. This method requires at least minimal experience in construction, so before starting work, it is advisable to get advice from specialists, read technical information and watch visual video reviews. Only in this case will the use of frame technology be economically justified.

In addition, wood needs impregnation, so you will have to additionally purchase special products that provide protection from the influence of negative factors:

fire;

insects;
water, etc.

Note! It is advisable to provide a good ventilation system in the house. This is especially true for buildings with several floors.

You can cheaply build a house using frame technology from wood or metal. In the first case, the material does not weigh down the building; the walls of such a house breathe and maintain optimal climatic conditions. If you use metal, then a lightweight thermal profile is ideal for construction.

Related article:

Classification, constituent materials, technological parameters and dimensions. Characteristics, price-quality ratio.

Advantages of thermal profile:

complete fire safety;

there is no need to use biological protection;
light weight.

In many ways, metal is much better than wood, but it is very important to monitor its condition and provide protection from corrosion. Each site owner decides for himself what is cheaper to build a house from, although it should be borne in mind that the service life of a metal profile is much longer than that of wood. As a foundation, you can use a shallow strip, pile or slab foundation.

Features of building a brick house with your own hands

Brick is considered one of the most popular materials used for the construction of private and country houses. However, it is not very suitable for those who seek to reduce construction time and limit themselves to minimal costs.

Disadvantages of building brick buildings:

the need to manufacture very thick panels for walls;
the formation of brickwork takes a lot of time;
the building is subject to shrinkage;
a mixture is required to fix the bricks;
heavy weight of the building, requiring a powerful and reliable foundation.

In this case, savings are impossible, since you will have to deepen the foundation to the point where the soil freezes, hire specialists for this, or rent equipment. Therefore, when choosing what to build a house cheaply from, you should not use brick, which is more suitable for creating high-quality and durable buildings.

Long and labor-intensive work on laying walls is an important disadvantage in construction

The advantages of brick construction are manifested in the following cases:

the construction of a house is carried out “for centuries”;
the site has suitable soil parameters and the required level of the aquifer;
the owner is experienced enough to do all the work himself;
the developer has enough time.

If all the above conditions are met, the cost of building a house will be justified.

Features of building an inexpensive house from aerated blocks

Gas blocks are ideal for building an economical house. These elements come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. The technology for working with them is very simple, so you can easily build a house with your own hands.

Does not require insulation

Advantages of using gas blocks:

the ability to reduce wall thickness without compromising energy savings;
lighter weight of the building and the possibility of saving on the foundation part;
durability;
practicality;
high level of sound insulation.

Note! A house made of aerated blocks has its own characteristics, so you will need to carefully select the finishing and perform high-quality waterproofing work.

Building a house yourself using aerated blocks is beneficial for many other reasons. Such buildings are practically not subject to shrinkage. The work will require the purchase of a special adhesive composition, but construction time is reduced to a minimum, and the consumption of the fixing solution is reduced three times.

How to quickly and inexpensively build a house from timber with your own hands

Building a wooden house is much more profitable than building a building based on aerated concrete or brick. This technology is simpler and more accessible. Housing made of timber is very warm. If you comply with all the requirements, such a structure will be quite durable and will last a long time.

For construction, it is better to take timber with a section size of 200 mm. You will also need a layer of insulation with a thickness of at least 100 mm. The walls are covered with a 2-3 cm layer of plaster. The result is a cost-effective, attractive home whose service life will be several decades.

When, you need to pay attention to the quality of materials

What are the advantages of building a house with your own hands from wood:

All work can be done by yourself.
Low cost of material.
High level of thermal insulation.
Short construction time.
Light weight of the building.

Timber is perfect for building an inexpensive house as an alternative to blocks and bricks. However, you will need to carefully study the features of this process.

An important advantage of the building is its low cost.

What is cheaper to build a house from?: Brief overview of prices

When selecting materials for cheap and fast construction, you need to consider some factors:

soil features;
project specificity;
conditions of the development site.

It should also be taken into account that the most expensive part is paying for the services of workers, so many site owners are interested in how to quickly build a house on their own.

Average prices for building houses:

Building type	Price, rub./m²
Frame	890
From timber	1950
From aerated concrete	2000
Brick	2350

If you do not take into account the features of the site, the table shows that the most economical building is a house built using frame technology.

Note! The prices in the table are based on average indicators: the soil freezing level is 1.5 m, groundwater lies at a depth of 2.5 m.

How to build a house with your own hands: description of technology

Before you begin work on arranging a house on your own site, you should determine the order of work.

Main stages of construction:

Making the foundation.
Creating a box.
Laying communication systems (electricity and plumbing).
Installation of ceilings.
Construction of the roof.
Finishing work.

Lightening the foundation is the most effective way to reduce costs. It works provided that lightweight material is chosen for the construction of the walls. If a pile, slab or shallow foundation is used, the foundation is constructed at a level of 0.5 m. After this, waterproofing work is carried out.

How to build a houseon your own: creating a box

To find out how much material is needed to build a box, you should use a special formula. To do this, it is necessary to divide the total area of the building, which is measured in m3, by the amount of piece material contained in 1 m3.

If you want to make construction as economical as possible, you should not use brick; other materials are suitable for these purposes:

adobe;
foam concrete;
aerated concrete;
beam;
shell rock

Of all the listed materials, shell rock is able to offer the highest vapor permeability. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to reduce the cost of organizing thermal insulation, but in this case good waterproofing will be required. In a house made of shell rock, it is necessary to strengthen the door and window openings. You can use metal corners for this.

How to build a housewith your own hands: using insulation

When the building frame is ready, work is carried out to insulate it. The most reliable and proven materials are glass wool and mineral wool. You should not save on the quantity and quality of rolls, because the more carefully the work aimed at insulation is carried out, the lower the cost of heating the house in the future will be. There is another positive feature - the service life of the building increases, and the need for restoration and repair of the building will not arise soon.

Drywall is suitable for making internal partitions in a box. Sheets of this material are affordable and allow you to create lightweight structures of any shape while maintaining high strength.

The use of metal profiles will strengthen the walls. These elements are easily fixed and sheathed using plasterboard sheets. Such work does not require high costs and is completed very quickly.

How to build a house with your own hands: organization of heating, water supply and sewerage

A gas boiler is suitable as heating equipment for a private home. The use of a furnace and a water circuit is permitted. Of course, operating the stove is accompanied by some difficulties, but it allows you to save money, unlike gas heating.

Helpful advice! Solar panels are an excellent alternative heating option. However, it is only suitable for regions with a lot of sunny days.

When organizing water supply and sewerage systems, it is better to give preference to systems, since they are economical. In order to drill a well, the appropriate conditions will be required; the process itself is quite simple. At the same time, the owner of the site receives a constant supply of water to the house, regardless of centralized systems.

To organize a sewer system, you can build a septic tank on the site. The design will require proper installation and selection of equipment, but the work will be performed one-time. A high-quality septic tank will allow you to forget about problems such as blockages in pipes, etc. for a long time.

How to build a house quickly: work on organizing floors and roofing

The construction of the floor and roof can also be done independently. Wood beams should be used in the work. It is first necessary to secure a reinforced belt around the entire perimeter of the building.

To build a house with your own hands at minimal cost, it is better to use materials from the budget segment to organize the roof:

slate sheets;

ondulin;
corrugated sheeting;

All of the listed materials can be found on store shelves in a wide range, so it will not be difficult to choose a coating of the required color or configuration. To increase the strength of the roof fixation, it is recommended to build a lathing. Additional insulation of the entire structure would not hurt. This will prevent heat leakage through the roof. Glass wool is suitable for this. Reeds, wood, and straw can be used as environmentally friendly roofing materials.

How to build a house yourself: flooring technology

Concrete floors are the most simplified option. To do this, you need to organize a screed and fill everything with cement mortar. All that remains is to insulate the base and perform the finishing touches.

Technology for manufacturing concrete floors:

cleaning the base from debris and dust;
clay bedding as a waterproofing layer;
formation of a sand and gravel cushion;
laying waterproofing;
installation of thermal insulation material (foam plastic, basalt wool, foamed polystyrene or expanded clay);
reinforcement with metal rods or mesh;
installation of guides;
preparing and pouring the solution;
alignment.

Helpful advice! If the screed is done on the upper floors, additional reinforcement of the floors must be performed.

How to build a house inexpensively: interior decoration

Interior decoration depends on the imagination and budgetary capabilities of the owner. Suitable finishing materials for the floor:

tile;
laminate;
linoleum, etc.

Tile is considered the most practical and resistant to mechanical damage material. It is easy to clean, and due to the use of the “Warm Floor” system, this finish will not be cold.

With the help of suspended ceilings you can visually expand the interior space of a small house. The glossy surface creates a beautiful decorative effect due to the reflection of light. Structural elements such as openings, niches, and arches will be an excellent interior decoration. To make these parts, it is better to use metal profiles and plasterboard sheets.

The following materials can be used as finishing for wall surfaces:

wallpaper for painting;
decorative plaster;
wood.

As for technical supervision, it is better to involve an experienced builder or engineer in resolving this issue, since not a single article or video can help to fully understand the features of this process. Also, you should not skimp on communication systems, convenient access to the yard and other aspects that provide comfort. When entrusting the development of a project to professionals, it is very important to get the opinions of different specialists. The actions of the foreman and the designer must be coordinated.

Based on the information presented in the article, we can come to the conclusion that building a house with your own hands without construction experience is quite possible. To do this, you will need to calculate the cost and required amount of material in advance, study the technology and draw up a work plan, as well as allocate time in your schedule. The rest depends on effort and determination.