When organizing water supply for a private house from a well, the following important points must be taken into account:
- daily fluid intake;
- aquifer depth;
- distance from home.
Installing a stand-alone system requires several tasks, including the following:
- stable water pressure;
- pump equipment;
- installation and location of the pump.
- Collection point. This includes a well, borehole, pond, spring, and captage.
- Water intake point. This could be a residential building, a bathhouse, a garage or a gazebo.
- Highway. We are talking about a water pipe through which liquid moves, starting from the intake point and ending at the receiving point.
All internal lines and points must be displayed on the internal water supply project diagram.
Water supply arrangement
The fluid supply system from a well to a private house consists of the following elements:
- pump;
- membrane tank;
- pipeline;
- circuit breakers;
- switch block;
- locking device.
In addition, the consumers through which the liquid is supplied are:
- water taps;
- shower cabin;
- bath;
- washing machine, etc.
When the house has a hot water supply, another additional unit is added to the above-mentioned devices - an electric water heater, which comes in two types: instantaneous and storage. If possible, install a powerful heating boiler equipped with a second circuit.
Gas water heaters are also installed in private homes, but they are used infrequently. Today, the once very popular wood-burning Titan has been relegated to the list of rarities. Builders consider such solid fuel dispensers to be obsolete devices. 
Judging by the picture above, the water supply diagram for a house from a well includes a small number of details.
Typically, a hole in the ground resulting from drilling is located near a building. But if the depth is shallow, it can also be located on the ground floor. The head of the water intake located in an open area must be covered with thermal insulation. 
In most cases, to create an insulated circuit, well rings are installed, protecting the well and facilitating maintenance of the installed equipment.
A water pipeline installed in an open area, starting from the head and ending with the entrance to the building, must be protected from freezing. To insulate the passage of the pipe through the foundation or wall, a special inlet sleeve is installed. 
Installation of unit equipment must be carried out in a well-heated room. These include water treatment devices, as well as systems for maintaining a certain pressure in the network, including the following:
- check valve;
- pumped storage tank;
- cleaning filters;
- shut-off valve regulators;
- control devices;
- power supply elements;
- automation;
- control system.
When installing a fully equipped pumping station, the installation of some parts can be eliminated.
How to arrange a caisson
Typically, all water supply equipment is installed in a caisson. It is a special container that allows you to service the well. This element protects parts from freezing in winter due to the presence of a tight lid and insulation of the entire structure. Its dimensions are 1.5x1.5x1.5 m.
The caisson can be made of various materials:
- plastics;
- become;
- concrete rings.
You can buy a similar design in a specialized store or make it yourself. It is usually done in the form:
- circle;
- square.
The popularity of steel caisson is due to its long service life. Plastic containers have a fairly low price. You can make concrete rings yourself.
When arranging a caisson, you must always remember to make holes through which the pipes will pass.
When installing a caisson, it is necessary to consider the amount of equipment used, since this will determine where the casing will be located. In the case of installing a membrane tank, the mentioned cylindrical product is installed closer to the wall. The neck of the structure should protrude approximately 10-15 cm above the ground surface. As a result, the container will never be flooded with melt water. 
Installation of water supply from a well to a house
When laying a structure from pipes, the level of soil freezing must be taken into account: cylindrical products must be located underneath it.
First, a trench of a certain depth is dug. A 32 mm plastic pipe is laid at the bottom. This material can be replaced with low-density polyethylene, but in severe frost it will begin to collapse.
You cannot supply water directly from a well using rubber hoses. These parts are not suitable for pipeline installation.
A cylindrical product located below the freezing level may freeze at the point of its rise. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to use one of the following methods:
- insulate the foundation;
- lay a heating cable;
- wrap the pipe with heat-insulating material.
Sometimes it can be difficult to carry out excavation work on a site. In this case, you can lay the pipeline into the top layer of soil to a shallow depth. The cylindrical structure must be installed together with a heating cable. In addition, additional insulation of the pipe is carried out, for example, with Energoflex. To maintain thermal insulation, the resulting so-called pie is covered with a corrugated cylindrical product of large diameter.
Additionally, the structure is equipped with a storage tank designed for watering plants with heated liquid.
Together with the continuous water supply system, a cable is installed that supplies power to the well pump.
A four-core wire with a cross-section of more than 2.5 is taken. A ROM box is installed in a heated room.
Automatic equipment
There are three generations of automation. Since setting up advanced systems on your own is quite difficult, we will take a closer look at the operation of first-generation devices.
Modern pumps are equipped with special protection that prevents dry running. It prevents overheating and reacts to voltage surges. For the automation to work well, the device must be equipped with the following parts:
- pressure gauge;
- pressure switch;
- check valve
Quite often, a safety device installed on a hydraulic accumulator is equipped with a pressure gauge. The required pressure value is maintained inside the storage tank. The water supply system automation device begins to operate when the pressure reaches a threshold value. The pump turns off immediately.
Cleaning equipment is mounted on the surface of the pipe, which supplies water directly to the hydraulic accumulator. A check valve is also installed here. It should be located next to the pump. Thanks to this element, there is no backflow of water into the hole in the ground resulting from drilling.
When the artesian well is deep, independent installation of automation is strictly prohibited. The first generation equipment is designed only for sand wells.
Additional systems
There are several more ways to install various structures.
Tower
This scheme works as follows: a container of the appropriate volume is filled using a pump, while the liquid flows into the water boiler and taps by gravity. 
The expansion tank is equipped with a float switch. When it fills with water, the pump turns off. When the liquid level decreases, automatic pumping occurs. This is the most affordable option. Its disadvantages include unstable values of pressure and water pressure. In addition, installing the tank requires a lot of space.
Pumping station
It is much more convenient to operate such a water supply system. This equipment includes:
- hydraulic accumulator;
- dry running sensor;
- pressure switch.
When the pressure in the pressure pipeline begins to decrease, the safety device is activated immediately when the tap is opened. Next, the pump turns on and water is supplied directly to the accumulator. When the membrane stretches, the hydraulic device is switched off. Pressure equalization is carried out automatically.
Two-stage feed
If there is insufficient power of the installed pumping station at maximum water flow, an expansion tank equipped with a float switch is installed in series.
A hydraulic device is mounted in the container, which turns off automatically. Next there is another injection pump and a hydraulic accumulator. Due to the expansion tank, the system flow reaches the desired level.
Providing a private home or summer cottage with water is one of the main aspects of a person’s comfortable life. A complete water supply and proper drainage allow you to solve a number of everyday issues, and also make it possible to use all the benefits of civilization: a washing machine, dishwasher, and various plumbing fixtures.
The most common method of water supply is water supply from a well. Let's consider the main stages of arranging the water supply at home and practical recommendations that ensure the reliability and stability of the water supply system.
A well on a personal plot - the advantages of autonomous water supply
To supply water to a private home, various sources of water intake can be used: centralized water supply, well or borehole.
Water supply to a private house from a well has some advantages:
The first step is to decide on the type of well: “sand” or artesian.
The “sandy” well has a depth of 40-50 meters - to the upper aquifers of the sandy horizon. If you get to the bed of an underground river, the level of drilling a well can be reduced to 15 meters.
Advantages of a sand well:
- the quality of water is better than in a well or centralized pipeline;
- speed of well development (2-3 days);
- You can drill a well without using special equipment.
Disadvantages of a “sandy” well:
- low productivity - about 1.5 m3/hour;
- service life – up to 10 years;
- water may contain impurities;
- needs periodic pumping.
❝A “sandy” well is suitable for seasonal water supply to a dacha; for a cottage or private house it is better to equip an artesian well❞
The depth of an artesian well can reach 200 meters - it affects the aquifer of calcareous rocks. The drilling of an artesian well must be approved, since the calcareous aquifer is considered a strategic reserve of the state.
Advantages of an artesian well:
- high productivity – about 10 m3/hour;
- unlimited supply of lime water;
- service life – about 50 years;
- high water quality;
- water is supplied under high pressure.
Disadvantages of an artesian well:
- the need to coordinate the project and obtain permits;
- high cost of drilling a well (the work must be performed by a specialized company).
Autonomous water supply scheme: main elements of the system
Whatever the source of autonomous water supply for a private home, it is necessary to create a diagram indicating all the main elements of the system and the materials used for laying the water supply.
The water supply scheme for a private house includes the following elements.
- the mud filter does not allow large particles to pass into the accumulator (if the water source is an artesian well, then such a filter may not be installed);
- filter with cleaning cartridge – mechanical cleaning of small impurities of clay, sand, rust and dirt.
The water supply system of a private house can be divided into three blocks:
- Water intake system.
- Yard highway.
- In-house plumbing.
Construction of a water intake system
drilling a well and installing a caisson
The process of drilling a water well is taking soil using a special drill. Depending on the type of well and its depth, drilling can be done independently, or you can use the services of drilling rigs. The drilling method (impact, rotary) will depend on the type of soil.
❝The area around the location of the proposed well should not have any underground paths or buildings. To construct a well, it is necessary to allocate an area of 4*6 m2 ❞
For manual drilling use:
Well drilling sequence:
The next step is to arrange the caisson. This room is necessary for protection from groundwater, freezing and for well maintenance. The caisson will connect the pipe outlet from the well and the water supply leading to the house.
You can purchase a ready-made caisson body, or you can make it yourself from concrete rings or bricks.
❝The caisson must be installed so that its bottom and pipeline are below the soil freezing level, and the roof of the casing rises above the surface by 30 cm❞
The procedure for installing the caisson:
choosing the optimal pump
To ensure water supply to consumers with the required pressure, it is necessary to install powerful water lifting equipment. This could be an automated pumping station for water supply to a private home or a deep-well pump.
The pumping station includes:
- water pump;
- hydraulic accumulator;
- pressure switch.
❝The pumping station is suitable for servicing a shallow well (up to 10 m), if the distance from the water intake point to the end user is no more than 10 meters❞
An autonomous station can be used to install a water supply system at a dacha from a well, and to provide water to a cottage or private home, it is better to install a deep-well pump - a borehole submersible rotary pump.
When choosing a submersible pump model, you need to consider:
- pump pressure - the pressure force applied to push water through;
- pump flow (performance).
It is necessary to determine the required power of a submersible pump to service a specific well. Let's look at the example of a private 2-story house for a family of 4 people. Let's summarize the following indicators:
- well depth (35 m);
- distance from the hydraulic accumulator to the well outlet in a ratio of 1:10 (0.8);
- distance from ground level to the highest water intake point (about 3.5 m - for a 2-story building);
- required pressure at the high water intake point (3);
- possible losses in the system (about 2).
Thus: Pump head = 35+0.8+2+3+2=44.3 m
The family's peak water consumption of 38 l/min (2.28 m3/h) determines the pump's performance.
installation of a deep-well pump
The pump must be lowered into the well very carefully so as not to damage the equipment. To do this, you can use a winch for drilling a well or cables.
Pump immersion sequence:
The next step after installing the pump is connecting the pipeline to the house and assembling an automatic water supply system.
Yard main: running water supply from a well
tools and materials
To conduct water supply on the site, you can use different types of pipes:
❝The diameter of the pipeline from the well must be 32 mm❞
Pipeline tools:
- To install steel or copper water supply:
- adjustable, gas and wrenches;
- fittings, fum tape.
sequence of laying and insulating water pipes
The pipeline can be laid in two ways:
- through a trench;
- on top of the ground.
In the first case, a trench is dug at a depth of 2 meters and a pipeline is laid. The pipe in the lifting areas must be insulated (especially near the foundation). This can be done using a self-regulating heating cable.
❝The foundation of the house to which the water supply is connected must be insulated to at least a depth of 1 meter❞
If the water supply is laid on top, then a heating cable (9 W/meter) must be connected to the pipe. In addition, the entire pipe is thoroughly insulated with heat-insulating material - a layer of insulation of at least 10 cm.
You can use energyflex and cotton wool. The joints between the insulation materials should be wrapped with reinforced tape - this will improve the sealing between the layers.
❝The pipe must be insulated along the entire length of the yard main: from the house to the well❞
The entire “pie” of the water supply is placed in a large corrugated or sewer pipe. Such measures will allow you to avoid freezing of the water supply and use the well in winter.
Along with the pipe, you can also lay the power cable for the pump. It is better to use a 4-core cable with a cross-section of 2.5.
After installing the pump and laying the water supply to the house, you need to assemble an automatic water supply system according to the diagram.
Plumbing in the house
The laying of water supply pipes in a private house can be carried out according to two schemes:
To install an indoor water supply system, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used.
Recommendations from specialists for installing and configuring a water supply system
Normal operation of household appliances and plumbing is possible with an uninterrupted supply and sufficient water pressure. Here are a number of tips that will help you correctly assemble and set up a water supply system:
Before starting operation, the system must be checked for leaks and operability.
From this article you can find out what the water supply to a private house from a well looks like from the outside: a diagram of a tower and two-stage type system, as well as communications with a pumping station, the stages of constructing a water source, laying a pipeline on the site and connecting all elements. The text discusses the features of the technology, the rules for selecting equipment and its installation.
Convenience in suburban areas is provided by a non-centralized water source. In theory, the technology for arranging the system is quite simple and involves the formation, installation of a caisson, installation of a pipeline and a storage tank. By combining all these elements together and connecting automatic equipment, you can supply water to a country house and provide comfortable conditions for people to live there permanently. Each of the listed stages of construction has its own nuances and subtleties, which should be familiarized with before starting work.
The use of a well is accompanied by certain features that distinguish this system from:
- Water is taken from several horizons. For these purposes, perched water, as well as artesian and sand levels can be used.
- The mouth is reliably sealed, because the hole of the well is much smaller in size than a well shaft.
- Since water is drawn from a house through a well from a great depth, there is a need to install volatile equipment, as well as a backup generator in case of power outages.
The system will also require the installation of a caisson. This element is placed at the mouth. It is a pit, the depth of which is 1.5-2.5 m. The caisson is used to place equipment and insert a line under pressure, which is laid below the level of winter freezing of the soil.
What factors to consider when developing a water well installation plan?
Before starting work on organizing a water supply system fed from a well, it is imperative to draw up a preliminary diagram. This will allow you to indicate the direction in which construction will go, divide this process into stages, and study in detail the nuances and difficulties of implementing each of them. Purification equipment will help improve water quality. In most cases, installing fine and coarse filters will be sufficient for a summer cottage.
Note! If we are talking about purchasing special equipment for removing iron or softening water, then this will require laboratory analysis of a sample from a well and the help of specialists. Otherwise, the purchase may turn out to be a waste of money.
If you work on developing a water supply system in a private house yourself, you need to take into account the basic parameters of the site and the system:
- the depth of the aquifer in the soil;
- zone where groundwater is located;
- markings and indicators of materials used for construction;
- dimensional parameters of structures and system elements;
- dimensions and nature of placement of the caisson;
- the point where the well will be formed;
- underground source characteristics;
- operating conditions at the site;
- Residents' water consumption patterns.
The maximum working life, which is typical for, is up to 50 years. In this case, there is practically no need to filter the liquid, since the water does not contain impurities that can damage the pumping equipment. The pipeline layout is selected taking into account the volume of daily water consumption and the flow rate of the source. This is necessary so that during peak hours residents can use the system without restrictions.
1. Production column, 2. Annular space, 3. Filter part of the column, 4. “Verkhovodka”, 5. Aquifers, 6. Aquifer layers (dense clays), 7. Cement filling, 8. Stuffing box device, 9. Blind steel column (conductor)
The possibility of placement both outside and inside the building distinguishes it from a well. The source may go underground or to the ground floor. As a result, the maintenance system is significantly simplified, and it is also possible to reduce the cost of laying a water supply system. Home communications have an extremely simple structure. The system assumes the presence of a well, inside of which or on its surface a pumping station is installed that transports water to points of consumption.
Helpful advice! If the house is used for temporary residence, it is necessary to organize a winter water supply on the site, where the internal circuits will be emptied when the heating is not in use.
Advantages and disadvantages of a typical water supply scheme for a private house from a well
In order to avoid difficulties during the further operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to foresee in advance options for solving problems characteristic of these communications.
Uninterrupted operation of the system every time the tap is opened is possible only if a stable water pressure is maintained in the pipes. To do this, the pumping equipment must operate constantly, as a result of which the unit quickly wears out. For this reason, you should buy high-quality stations that are designed for high loads.
There is a possibility that if there is a power outage, the water supply will stop. In this case, you need to provide an alternative solution to the problem or a way to create an additional supply of liquid.
Operating the pump is accompanied by other difficulties. The unit must be powerful enough to provide water to several consumers at once. In addition, the equipment needs to be placed somewhere, so you will have to allocate space for its installation.
Taking into account the above, to bring water into the house from a well, you will need the following:
- Source of water.
- Surface or deep-well pump with centrifugal action.
- Caisson for pipeline insertion.
- A check valve that prevents water from flowing back when the pump is turned off.
- An expansion tank in the form of a hydraulic accumulator equipped with internal membranes.
- Filtration equipment to maintain water quality.
- Automatic system for monitoring the presence of water in pumping equipment.
If the construction budget is limited, you can use a storage tank, which is located at the highest point of the house. An attic or attic space is suitable for these purposes. But the best option would be a pumping station in combination with a hydraulic accumulator.
Helpful advice! For difficult operating conditions, it is better to choose a two-stage scheme. It will ensure uninterrupted operation of the system if the well is located far from a residential building, its depth exceeds 50 m, or the productivity does not cover the demands of residents during peak hours.
Features of a water supply tower scheme in a private house from a well
Tower water supply in a private house involves placing a storage tank in the attic. It is here that the pump delivers water to meet consumer demands during peak hours. According to this scheme, water moves through the system to points of consumption by gravity.
For tower water supply, an expansion tank is a mandatory element. It can have a simple design or be additionally equipped with a float-type switch.
The operating principle of the switch is as follows:
- When the storage tank is full, the pump turns off.
- As residents use water, the liquid level in the reservoir decreases.
- When the water level reaches a certain point, the float is activated and starts the pump to replenish the spent reserves.
This option for arranging communications is considered the most budget-friendly, easy to maintain and reliable. Eliminates the possibility of water hammer.
The scheme also has disadvantages:
- to install the tank, you will need to take up free space in the attic, which could be used for other needs;
- the pressure in the internal water supply systems will be unstable, so the pressure in the taps may disappear;
- the load on the supporting structures of the building increases;
- the system needs insulation.
Diagram of a water well in a private house with a pump and two-stage supply
The most convenient option to use is a system using a pumping station. On sale you can find many devices designed for arranging an autonomous water supply for a country house using centrifugal submersible units or vibration devices.
Related article:
How to independently select and install a suitable tank. Purpose of the caisson. Prices and characteristics of the most popular models.
Schemes of such communications, in addition to standard elements, include:
- dry running sensor;
- relay;
- hydraulic accumulator
The main component of the system is a station equipped with a pump that is installed on the surface.
This arrangement is very convenient because it offers an effective solution to the problem when the pressure in the pressure pipeline decreases. When the tap is opened, a drop in indicators in the system is recorded by a relay. It is triggered, starting the pumping of fluid into the accumulator. When the reservoir is filled, the internal membrane stretches and the pump turns off.
After performing the above steps, the pressure in the hot and cold water supply pipe system automatically equalizes. If the pumping station does not have a sufficient level of power to provide all consumers with liquid during peak hours, it is recommended to use a two-stage water supply scheme in a private house with additional equipment.
Note! High performance of a pumping station is not always an advantage. This indicator should not exceed the debit of the water source. Otherwise, a “dry running” effect appears and equipment parts will be subject to severe wear.
In a two-stage system, the reservoir is installed immediately after the pump. The volume of this container varies between 500-1000 liters. The tank is equipped with a float-type switch. You will also need additional pumping equipment to pump liquid into the system. It is connected to a storage tank. Next in line is the installation of a hydraulic accumulator and pipelines to the points of consumption.
Technology for arranging a water supply system for a private house from a well
How to bring water into a house from a well:
- Develop a source by drilling a well and installing a casing pipe.
- Install a caisson, the upper part of which is covered with a hatch or disguised with the help of a decorative house.
- Install pumping and filtering equipment.
- Lay a pressure line between the well and the residential building.
- Connect the water supply to the source by cutting the line into the caisson using fittings.
How to bring water from a well to a house: arranging a source
The well is being installed on a personal plot. The recommended source depth is in the range of 25-50 m. For the construction of deeper wells, it is necessary to obtain a special permit, and will also require significant financial costs. After the drilling work is completed, a casing pipe with a diameter of 10-15 cm is installed. Its upper end should rise above ground level.
If groundwater lies deeper than 2 m from the surface of the earth, it is developed. In other cases, it is more advisable to focus on the construction of an insulated, closed-type extension. This will allow the system to be maintained all year round. The size of any of these structures should be sufficient to clean the well and repair the pumping station.
To make a well house, you can use brick or cinder blocks. It is allowed to use wooden beams for the construction of the frame. The room is insulated along the entire perimeter, including the ceiling base and floor.
Helpful advice! It is better to use polystyrene foam boards as insulation. The minimum thickness of the material should be 10 cm.
The algorithm for building an insulated brick house for a well in the water supply system of a private house looks like this:
- Marking around the source.
- Formation of trenches.
- Installation of formwork structures.
- Laying a shallow strip foundation on the drainage layer.
- Keep the foundation under the film for 7 days.
- Carrying out waterproofing work.
- Formation of walls using brickwork.
- Installation of boards and construction of a gable roof.
Do not allow the water in the supply pipe to freeze when the outside temperatures are low. A heating cable is used for this. It needs to be wrapped around the supply pipe. It is also not recommended that surface water flow into the source. Raising a pipe above ground level to supply water to the house from a well completely solves this problem. The system element is raised by approximately 40 cm. To prevent dust and debris from entering, the pipe should be covered with a cap.
If the groundwater is deep, the well is hidden in a well. The deeper the structure, the higher the temperature in it in winter. The structure is insulated in the same way, and a heating cable is wound around the pipe.
Main line for the water supply system of a private house
When installing a water main, you should remember that the pipes must be located below the soil freezing level. Otherwise, all elements of the water supply system in a private house will be negatively affected by temperatures and will soon completely fail. First, according to the developed scheme, trenches are dug in an area of the required depth. Pipes with a diameter of 32 mm are laid at the bottom.
For the construction of the highway, pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene or metal-plastic are suitable. Experts allow the use of HDPE pipes, but do not recommend this, since the material is sensitive to low temperatures and is subject to destruction. Also, do not use hoses to supply water to the house from a well. They are not suitable for transporting liquids in this way. Even those pipes that lie below the freezing point of the soil can be subject to freezing in the uplift zones.
The problem of freezing pipes can be solved in several ways:
- insulation of the foundation part of the building;
- wrapping the pipe with material with heat-insulating properties;
- installation along the main line of a self-regulating heating cable.
If the site does not have the conditions for excavation work, then the main line for water supply in a private house from a well can be laid on top, only slightly deepening the pipes into the ground. The use of a self-regulating heating cable in this case is mandatory.
Note! During the installation of the pipeline, the cable responsible for powering the pumping equipment is also installed. The ROM box must be placed in a specially designated heated room. The recommended cross-section of the electric wire for four wires is 2.5 mm or more.
Energoflex and other similar materials can be used as additional insulation for the surface system. To improve the thermal insulation properties of the cake, it is placed in a pipe of larger diameter. It can be sewer or corrugated. A storage tank is also installed in the system, designed for watering plants with warm water.
Selection and installation of pumping equipment for water supply to a country house
The operation of the water supply system is based on pumping equipment. For these purposes, two types of units are used: centrifugal and submersible rotary type. In most cases, owners of summer cottages prefer a borehole submersible pump that operates on the rotor principle.
When purchasing equipment, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- source depth;
- maximum amount of water consumption;
- minimum size of the water column;
- total fluid consumption.
In addition, the technical indicators of the pumps are also taken into account. The most important of these is pressure. This indicator reflects the level of pressure created by the blades, which is used to push the liquid. This information is indicated by the manufacturer in the documentation and is displayed in meters. The second important indicator is pump flow (m³/h). It displays the volume of water that the pump is capable of moving in a certain unit of time.
These indicators affect the level of electrical energy consumption. The higher the value of these technical characteristics, the greater the electricity consumption during operation of the equipment. If the fluid flow increases, the water pressure decreases.
Helpful advice! WITH By minimizing losses in the water main, you can optimize the operation of the equipment. As a result, the possibility of overloads is eliminated.
When choosing equipment for a water supply system, special attention should be paid to the issue of quality
Most often, buyers select pumps with a pressure in the range of 60-80 m for water supply systems in a private home. The average flow rate of such units is 4 m³/h. If power outages regularly occur or voltage surges are observed, a stabilizer should be connected to the pump.
The equipment is lowered into the well using a cable. The distance from the pump to the bottom is 1-3 m (depending on the system and conditions). If the equipment does not have a check valve, this element must be installed. Before fixing the cable and lowering the pump, an HDPE pipe with a diameter of 32 mm is attached to it.
Then the lower part of the cap with an elastic band is put on the well pipe for sealing. After this, the pump is slowly lowered into the well, while a heating cable is fixed to the pipe every 1.5 m, avoiding strong tension. The pump should be lowered to the very bottom, and then raised to the desired height. All that remains is to fix the equipment and secure the upper part of the head to the pipe.
Having examined the mechanism for arranging the water supply system, we can come to the conclusion that the system for transporting water from the well to the house can be organized with your own hands. The main thing is to take into account all the nuances and requirements of the technology. If there is a lack of knowledge and skills, this work can be entrusted to specialists. Construction in this case will be faster and of higher quality, but will cost much more.
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To organize water supply for a private house from a well, the equipment installation scheme must take into account daily water consumption, the depth of the aquifer, and the distance of the source from the cottage. The main problems of autonomous water supply are: stabilizing the pressure in pipes, choosing pumping equipment, placing it at the mouth or inside the home.
Water supply to the house from a well
Features of water supply from a well
The main differences between a well and a well are the following nuances:
- the possibility of drawing water from several horizons - high water, sandy, artesian horizons;
- reliable sealing of the mouth - it is much easier to protect a small hole in the ground from debris, precipitation;
- greater depths - more powerful energy-dependent equipment is used, in case of an emergency power outage a backup generator is needed;
- a caisson - a pit 1.5 - 2.5 m deep at the mouth is necessary for inserting a pressure line, which must be located below the freezing mark, for placing equipment.
Related article:
If you plan to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme must take into account several factors:
- operating mode– in periodically used dwellings (dachas), heating is turned on sporadically, so it is necessary to provide a slope for regular drainage of liquid from all internal circuits (winter water supply);
- source characteristics– only artesian wells have a maximum resource (50 years), the water from them requires almost no filtration, does not contain sand impurities that are harmful to deep/surface pumps;
- operating conditions– depending on the ratio of well flow/daily water consumption, different distribution schemes are used so that there is enough water during peak hours;
- source location– unlike a well, there is experience in operating wells inside a building (ground floor, underground), which simplifies maintenance and reduces the budget for water supply construction.
Helpful advice! Purchasing filtration and special equipment (softeners, iron removers) without consulting a specialist or laboratory analysis of fluid from a well is wasted money. In practical conditions, coarse and fine filters are sufficient.
Review of options, schemes, pros and cons
The principle of home plumbing is extremely simple - a pump is installed in a well or on the surface, supplying liquid to the cold water supply system, hot water supply system, and for irrigation. However, there are problems:
- to maintain stable pressure in the pipeline, the pump must operate constantly when any tap inside the house is opened, which causes increased wear and tear on the equipment;
- when there is a power outage, there is no water supply;
- the pump power may not be enough for several consumers;
- pumping equipment needs to be placed somewhere.
Therefore, the diagram includes the elements:
- source – well “on sand” or artesian type;
- pump – deep centrifugal or surface;
- caisson - a pit at the mouth for placing equipment, inserting a pressure line below the soil freezing level;
- check valve – protects against spontaneous flow of water back into the well when the pumping equipment is turned off;
- hydraulic accumulator - an expansion tank with membranes inside it that respond to changes in pressure in the pressure line;
- filtration equipment – performs the function of removing impurities to improve water quality;
- automation systems - pressure switches, devices that monitor the presence of water inside the pump.
System elements
A budget option is to supply water to a private house from a well, the scheme of which includes a storage tank located at the highest point of the building (attic). The best option for most cottages is to use a pumping station, which also includes a hydraulic accumulator.
If the well's flow rate is insufficient during peak loads, it has a depth of more than 50 m or is located far from the building, you will have to choose a two-stage scheme that has the maximum resource for construction and operation. only on the pressure line after the pump, otherwise the pump may fail if the cartridges become clogged.
Tower system
For tower water supply to a private house from a well, the diagram looks like this:
- pump – fills a container located in the attic, the volume of which is sufficient to supply all consumers during peak hours, water flows into the taps and boiler by gravity;
- expansion tank - has no additional equipment or is equipped with a float switch; after filling, the pump is turned off, as the liquid is consumed, the level decreases, the equipment is turned on again.
This is a budget option, however, the tank requires space, the pressure/pressure in the internal circuits of the hot water supply, cold water supply is not stable.
Pumping station
The water supply system for a private house from a well with a pumping station is more convenient to use:
When the pressure in the pressure line decreases when the tap is opened, the relay is activated, the pump pumps water into the accumulator. After stretching the membrane, the pump turns off, the pressure in the cold water and hot water pipes equalizes itself.
Two stage feed
If the power of the pumping station is not enough during peak water flow, an expansion tank with a float switch is installed after it. The pump fills the container, turns off, and the next pressure-type pump is installed after the reservoir. The hydraulic accumulator is installed after it according to a similar scheme.
Thanks to the expansion tank, the system flow increases to the required level.
Winter water supply
The problem of water drainage is relevant, not only during periodic operation of the water supply system in the home, but also during repair work. Therefore, even in permanent residence cottages, a winter water supply scheme is used.
To achieve this, all system circuits are sloped for gravity drainage of liquid. A check valve on the suction pipe prevents water from flowing back. In addition, the volume of the well does not allow large amounts of liquid to be drained into it.
Therefore, a sewer pipe is cut into the lower section of the system; during repair work or conservation of the water supply system between visits to the dacha in winter, the water is drained into a separate shambo.
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Plumbing installation technology
After the daily water consumption has been calculated, a water supply diagram for a private house from a well has been drawn up, the cross-section of pipes and the characteristics of the pumping station have been selected, and installation is carried out. The technology looks like:
- making a source - drilling a sand or artesian well inside a house or on a site, installing a casing pipe;
- construction of a caisson - a well at the mouth with a depth below the freezing mark, with a diameter sufficient for placement and maintenance of equipment, the upper part is covered with a hatch, decorated in landscape design;
- installation of equipment - pumping station, filters;
At a dacha or in a house outside the city there is not always a main water supply, so you have to drill a well. Doing this is not as difficult as it seems. Much harder to do plumbing in a private house from the well to ensure a complete water supply for the entire house.
How to make water supply from a well
A well located in the house is a rarity, so it is most often made on the street. Water supply in this case depends on the water intake system, a pipeline located in the yard, going to the house and inside the house.
Water is lifted from the well by a submersible pump. The deeper the well and the greater the volume of water consumed, the more powerful the submersible pump should be. To hold the pump with the cable and hoses on top, you need to make a holding device to lift the pump up and lower it back. A winch is suitable for lifting the holding device. The pump is attached to the winch cable. The winch can be controlled manually or electrically. The cable must be secured to the hose with plastic or metal clips.
Plumbing diagram
It is possible to install a complex system with a synchronized set of drums. The first drum moves the load cable, the second and third, distribute the cable with the hose. Do not pull the pump out by the cable or hose.
The water supply is assembled from plastic pipes. A special soldering iron is used to connect the pipes. If it is necessary to cut pipes, use a sharp knife or lever cutter. The pipe size must be at least 20 millimeters.
The pumping unit takes up quite a lot of space and it is best to set aside a separate room for it, for example, a room in the basement. The room must be warm and dry, accessibility for care and maintenance must be ensured at all times.
Useful video: Do-it-yourself water supply for a private house. Water supply to a private house
For shallow wells and small pumps, you can do without a winch. And arrange a pumping installation next to the well. A hole is made for this. It is lined with brick and insulated. A water supply system is installed in it. The water supply is user adjustable. A special valve is installed in the system for this purpose.
The city network can have a maximum pressure of 6 bar, that is, 60 meters, the average pressure is 2.5 bar. For a country water supply, the pressure should be similar. The entire system originates in a well and operates using a submersible pump. The pump is switched off manually or using a relay and float switch. The sensor is a weighted float that is placed in a storage tank. The float is adjusted by a weight that moves along the cable.
When the tank overflows, it floats up and the relay turns off the pump. When the water level drops, the float gives a command to turn on the pump. For emergencies, a spare drain is installed in the tank.
The drive can be purchased ready-made or made from a food-grade plastic container. The size depends on the amount of water needed. If there is a shower, the tank should hold 500 liters.
For constant pressure, you additionally need to install a pump with a hydraulic tank and a built-in pressure switch. The system must have a pressure gauge to indicate pressure. The hydraulic tank (receiver) is a container with a special rubber bag. Air is pumped between it and the walls of the hydraulic tank at a pressure of 1.4 bar.
When the pressure decreases, the booster pump turns on and equalizes the pressure throughout the system. The pressure is equalized and the flow becomes uniform. The relay can be adjusted manually or with a screw inside the motor.
The pipe is connected through a valve to the storage tank, where the pipeline from the well was previously connected. The float valve can be special or can be used in the flush system of toilet tanks. The valve should shut off the water when the sensor at the pump in the well is turned on.
A branch is made from the connected pipe. A valve and valve are installed to direct water to the intake. The second end of the diverted labor is connected to the pumping station. The valve must be installed in front of the meter.
When the pump is turned on frequently, the pressure is equalized by a car pump connected to the nipple at the end of the tank. You can check the pressure with a car pressure gauge.
To ensure that the water is always clean, filters must be installed in the water supply system. Properly assembled and installed plumbing guarantees a stable water supply. Now you know how make a water supply from a well in a country house.