What size should the terrace be? Attaching a veranda to the house

Every private homeowner is thinking about adding a veranda to their home. The entrance door to a home, equipped with a canopy or canopy, looks uninteresting. Having built a veranda, you can decorate it with curtains, hang flower pots or decorate it in the style you like. Being in such a building, it is pleasant to sit with a cup of tea without fear of hot sun rays or drizzling rain. The sunset will become more beautiful if you watch it from a convenient place. All this will create additional comfort.

The need for a veranda. Functions, advantages and disadvantages

The construction of a structure such as a veranda is often an important condition for creating comfortable relaxation and organizing functional areas in it. Designs come in open and closed types. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include the following:

erecting an open-type structure is not particularly difficult and does not require additional costs for installing windows and doors.
for these structures there is no need to lay a deep foundation.
in a closed veranda you can place a winter garden that is not afraid of frost, or organize a recreation area where you can be at any time of the year.

Speaking about the disadvantages of types of verandas, it should be noted that:

Closed verandas, as a rule, are insulated and have heating installed, which entails energy consumption and requires additional construction equipment.
furniture and other interior items on open verandas quickly become covered with dust or become damp, so they must be made of moisture-resistant materials.
an open veranda will not provide protection from strong winds or low air temperatures.

The need for this extension is determined by the following criteria:

First of all, it increases the usable area of a residential building, especially if it is very small.
Arranging a stove or summer kitchen in it during the warm months of the year is more practical than inside a home. Additional heat and fumes are not retained, making the cooking process more comfortable.
The location of the dining room in it will move vacationers from the stuffy rooms of the house to fresh air.
The veranda, with appropriate design, will become an elegant architectural addition and give the house a beautiful appearance.
The glazed structure will become an intermediate space between the house and the street. This will keep you warm during the cold season.

The functionality of this structure, depending on the type of construction, is as follows:

thanks to its design, the veranda protects the house from various atmospheric phenomena;
the existing veranda fences will prevent direct debris from entering the home;
the designs of closed verandas allow the placement of a large number of plants and even trees in them in winter;
the sliding frame of this extension allows you to adjust the shading areas and provide shelter from the rain;
The extension makes it possible to be in the fresh air even in unfavorable weather conditions.

Design gallery of possible options

This option will serve as a dining room and kitchen at the same time A fireplace in the veranda will create a special atmosphere Adjustable roof allows you to stay in the shade all day long Thanks to a convenient sliding system, this design will turn into an open veranda It won't be cold here even in the colder months There are two verandas attached to the residential building: one glazed and one without a roof. The extension serves as an intermediate zone between housing and the street Even in cold weather, this structure will be warmed by the sun's rays Tall plants will feel comfortable in such a structure

How to attach a veranda to your house: preparation

Before you start building the veranda frame, you need to decide on the type of future construction. Before starting construction work, it is necessary to select a place for its location, make the necessary measurements, prepare materials and install one of the suitable foundations. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of materials and the area of occupied land for this extension, you should carefully design it and draw up a drawing.

Types of suitable foundation

If you install a foundation made of logs, you should pay special attention to the quality of the wood. For supports, oak and larch species that have been previously treated with a bitumen mixture or burned are suitable. For these purposes, logs with a diameter of at least 25 cm are used. The method of installing these supports is similar to the construction of a columnar foundation: the bottom of the holes is covered with sand and compacted, after which the logs are placed there. For better stability, concrete is poured onto the sand layer or a wooden cross is installed.

Installing a strip base will require a lot of concrete and reinforcement cage. This foundation consists of solid walls hidden in the ground. It is intended for heavier buildings. The lower part of this base has an extension, which creates additional stability for the entire building. In cases of unstable or loose soil, the strip foundation can be increased. When installing this base, you need to leave holes for the necessary communications.

Tape blocks are very popular. To do this, ready-made concrete blocks are purchased and installed in a shallow (20 to 30 cm) trench, the bottom of which is compacted with sand. In this case, the block will be deepened into the ground by 2/3 of the slab. It will simultaneously play the role of foundation and basis for the floor of the veranda.

The column-pile foundation consists of long columns. To install it, you need to dig holes using a construction drill. Their depth should be from 40 to 50 cm. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel. Then a sleeve with roofing material rolled into a pipe is inserted into it. Concrete is poured into the resulting cavity. The supporting column is built on top of the resulting base.

A screw foundation involves the use of metal pile elements, to the ends of which blades of various sizes are welded. This type of foundation is most suitable for unstable soil. Piles are screwed into the ground using manual force or pile-drilling equipment. The strength of the base, in this case, depends on the material of manufacture and the diameter of the pipes. The screw-in depth must be below the freezing point. Typically this value is from 70 to 12 cm. Installation of screw piles is convenient because they can be installed in frozen ground.

Project drawings, dimensions

As an example, an open veranda with a pitched roof, installed on a columnar foundation, is presented.

Materials for this design should be selected taking into account the design of the house

This design is a square shape, measuring 490x500 cm. The height to the ceiling beam is 230 cm. The roof angle is 20°. The distance from the bottom trim to the rafters adjacent to the wall of the house will be 420 cm. Since the width of the structure is more than 3 m, intermediate racks made of beams with a cross-section of 100x150 mm will be used to strengthen it. The distance between the first and second row from the wall of the house is 277 cm. From the second to third row is 180 cm. On the front side, the racks are 166 cm apart from each other. The distance between the longitudinal load-bearing beams should be from 80 to 110 cm. For the roof it is necessary roofing material with a total area of 24.5 m². The height of the foundation pillars, from the ground to the bottom frame of the veranda frame, is 145 cm.

On a veranda with these parameters you can place a couple of chairs with a table and hang a garden swing.

1 - support board; 2 - longitudinal load-bearing beams; 3 - transverse beam; 4 - racks; 5 - foundation pillars

Material selection and calculation

The most common material for constructing verandas is wood. It has a clear advantage over brick, metal and metal-plastic buildings. The material is easy to process, which is not typical for a metal structure. If you use profile pipes, channels or corners when building a veranda, then it is convenient to install double-glazed windows to such a frame.

A brick extension requires a deep foundation, which is an additional expense. In addition, its construction will take much more time than a wooden structure. To cover closed verandas, glass (double-glazed windows) or polycarbonate is installed. Metal tiles, bitumen coatings, slate and polycarbonate alloys are used for roofing. However, for better sound insulation, you should pay attention to soft tiles.

To make a frame veranda made of wood, the following materials are required:

For the bottom and top trim:

four beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm, 500 cm long;
ten beams with a similar cross-section, 490 cm long.

For vertical racks you need:

five beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm, 430 cm long (posts attached to the wall of a residential building), and the same number - 285 cm each (intermediate posts);
six beams with a section of 100x200 mm, a length of 230 cm (facade racks).
For longitudinal load-bearing elements (rafters) you need seven beams with a cross-section of 100x150 mm and a length of 540 cm.
For flooring, tongue and groove boards with a cross-section of 100x40 mm and a length of 490 cm are required, for a total area of 24.5 m².
OSB boards are needed for roof sheathing.
For the railing, beams with a cross section of 100x100 mm and a total length of 15 m are required.
For an x-shaped fence, similar beams with a total length of 40 m are needed.
Concrete M-300.
Roofing felt or boards for formwork.
Reinforcing bars with a diameter of 10 mm.
The roof requires soft tiles to cover 26.5 m².
Waterproofing material.

Required Tools

To build an open veranda structure, you will need the following tools:

Screw, bayonet and shovel.
Concrete mixer.
Water container.
Screwdriver.
Jigsaw.
Grinder machine.
Electric planer.
Hammer.
Building level.
Roulette.
Large square.
Ladder.
Cord.
Pencil.

Step-by-step instructions: how to build a summer terrace

To build a frame veranda, it is necessary to lay a foundation. When installing it, you should adhere to some construction nuances:

pits and trenches for the veranda should be at the same depth as the foundation of the house to which it is attached;
if the soil under construction is unstable or there is abundant groundwater, then a pile-screw foundation will be able to cope with this problem;
it is necessary to determine the ability of the soil to absorb moisture and the homogeneity of the soil at the construction site.

Depending on the composition and quality of the soil, the appropriate base for the frame is selected. In our case, this is a columnar foundation.

The base consists of individual concrete pillars installed in the ground. A grillage or frame for erecting walls is attached to them.

Make markings for the future veranda using a cord and wooden pegs.
1 - cast-offs from boards; 2 - cord; 3 - plumb line; 4 - level
Using a screw shovel, dig holes with a diameter of 40 to 50 cm, to a depth of 60 cm.
Place wet sand at the bottom of each hole. It must be compacted to form a sand cushion 20 cm thick.
To prevent liquid concrete from being absorbed into the sand, you need to lay a waterproofing layer. For these purposes, use roofing material.
Make formwork from the boards. The size of each wall should be 40x90 cm.
Place reinforcing bars inside the formwork.
Pour the concrete mixture there so that its level rises 40 cm above the ground.
The reinforcement cage will strengthen the concrete pillar
Use stops to hold the formwork walls.
Leave the concrete to harden.
When the base has hardened sufficiently and the pillars have formed, remove the formwork.
Using a building level, check the vertical position of each pillar.
Optimal dimensions for the base under the veranda
Treat them with bitumen mastic.
Compact the soil around the posts and install a fence.
Lay a waterproofing layer on the finished foundation. To do this, you need to roll the roofing material twice.
Install the bottom frame of the structure on top. For this you need beams with a cross section of 100x200 mm. You need to cut grooves in them to install vertical supports.
Install a floor made of tongue-and-groove boards with a cross-section of 100x40 mm on wooden logs.
Install vertical supports from similar beams into the grooves.
Grooves make the structure strong
Attach long supports to the wall of the house using anchors and screws.
Mount the top frame of the structure. The connections of the wooden elements are similar to the bottom trim
Install the extension truss system to the top frame, on one side, and the wall of the house, on the other. Arrange its elements in increments of 50 cm. To do this, you need beams with a cross-section of 100x150 mm.
The structure is ready for insulation and finishing
The frame of the rafter system is attached to the top frame using metal corners or plates.
Metal connections will not be visible after finishing
Install veranda side railings.
Attach waterproofing to the rafter system, on top of which fill the sheathing with a section of 20x40 mm, in increments of 40 cm. Attach OSB boards to it using self-tapping screws.
Soft tiles are easy to install and repair
Now you can proceed to installing the roofing material. Laying of soft tiles is carried out from the eaves from the center of the slope. The first row of this covering must be laid 2 cm from the edge of the cornice. Lay the layers of tiles with an overlap of 5 - 10 cm. Cover the joints with bitumen mastic. Secure the tiles on four sides with nails.
There are a large number of colors and shades of soft roofing

Final finishing

The selected materials for finishing the veranda should have not only aesthetic value, but also practical value. The open design is exposed to the elements. It follows from this that finishing materials must be resistant to high humidity and temperature changes.

The most common material that meets all the requirements of open structures is wooden lining. This is an environmentally friendly coating that is ideal for wall coverings. A veranda with this finish has a pleasant woody smell. For better joining of wooden elements, their sides are equipped with grooves. To increase the service life, this finishing material is pre-treated with antifungal impregnations.

The lining is easy to install, thanks to the cutouts along the edges

MDF boards are used as the final finishing of the veranda walls. This material is more suitable for closed structures. This is due to the fact that moisture has a detrimental effect on the slabs, causing them to deform and lose quality.

Inexpensive and reliable material - MDF boards

The opposite of MDF boards are PVC panels, which are moisture resistant. This coating is easy to clean, fire-resistant, and comes in a variety of textures and colors. Installation of these plates is very simple.

Easy to process and install PVC panels

An affordable and practical material for finishing verandas is siding. Its texture usually resembles stone or wood. Available in the form of long panels of various colors and shades. The material is resistant to fire, rotting, and has a long service life.

Siding is securely attached thanks to convenient holes

Thanks to the variety of shades, it is easy to choose in accordance with the color scheme of buildings on your site. Vinyl siding is often used for this.

To make the external decoration of the veranda you need:

How and with what to insulate floors and ceilings

When insulating a veranda, first of all you need to pay attention to the floor. This is especially important when the foundation is piled, columnar or does not have a continuous strip. In this case, from below, it is covered with penofol, after which all the cracks between the boards are puttied. Carpet or linoleum on a polypropylene base is suitable as insulation for the floor surface.

If you do high-quality insulation, then it is necessary to arrange a subfloor, followed by filling and installing a finished surface with a coating.

Floors on the veranda can be insulated using expanded clay granules. To do this, wooden logs are installed on the existing surface from beams with a cross-section of 40x150 mm, with a pitch of 60 cm. Expanded clay is poured between them, the height of which should not exceed the upper edge of the boards. OSB boards are fixed on top of the logs, onto which the finished floor is installed.

The granules must be evenly spaced

Also, floors and walls are insulated using mineral wool. For ease of installation, it is sold in the form of rectangular slabs of various thicknesses. To insulate the floor with cotton wool, you need to cover it with waterproofing material. For this purpose, foil-foil foamed propylene is used. Wooden logs with the same cross-section and pitch are installed on top of this layer. Mineral wool slabs are tightly laid between them. If its thickness is insufficient, then the slabs are stacked on top of each other, with the condition that they do not rise above the wooden frame. Otherwise, the insulation will wrinkle and lose its thermal insulation properties. Attach a vapor barrier material on top of it, to the joists. Then the finishing is installed.

The form of mineral wool in the form of slabs is convenient for installation

Penoplex and foam plastic have proven themselves well as insulation. These materials have the same base, but penoplex has a uniform structure, and polystyrene foam tends to crumble. This insulation is available in the form of slabs of various thicknesses. Just as in the previous options, its installation requires a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer. The slabs are fastened to the joists using plastic dowels. The joints of the slabs are filled with polyurethane foam, which serves as an additional adhesive material. OSB boards or tongue and groove boards are fixed on top. The ceiling is also insulated using the same principle.

Lightweight and durable material - penoplex

If the veranda is an open structure, walls made of beams are built along its perimeter. Then, using the above methods, insulation is installed. Double-glazed windows are inserted into the walls.

Video: DIY veranda

Thanks to a wide range of materials, the appearance of the veranda can be designed in an original and beautiful way. By insulating this structure, you will enjoy the view not only of flowers, but also of the winter landscape. Lunch or evening tea parties will be more memorable thanks to the natural freshness and soft light at sunset, and rainy weather will not spoil the outdoor party.

The veranda and gazebo are a stylish and functional decoration of a summer cottage.
But, if a gazebo is a separate structure that can be used in the summer, then a veranda is a room attached to the house that has a roof, walls and is intended for year-round use.

A warm veranda can serve as a corridor, hallway or recreation room, greenhouse, winter garden, you can even place a swimming pool in it

What is the difference between a veranda and a terrace? These concepts are often confused, although they have structural and visual differences. The presence of a roof and walls is what distinguishes a veranda from a terrace and porch.

The veranda is provided during the construction stage of the house, but more often it is completed during operation. Therefore, many are interested in how to attach a veranda to a house with their own hands. Below are step-by-step (step-by-step) instructions for building a veranda for a private house.

1. Veranda project

Any construction begins with the development of a project.

Summarizing the experience of constructing verandas, it can be noted that they differ in the following parameters:

Location (adjacent to the house):

Corner.
End
Facade.

Degree of closure:

Open.
Closed (glazed.

By installing sliding doors for the veranda, you can transform a closed veranda into an open one.

Design feature:

Built-in veranda (built together with the house, has a common foundation with it).
Attached (added as needed, has its own foundation).

Veranda shape:

A popular shape is the rectangle.
Round (semicircular.
Polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal).

The main purpose of the veranda is to make the house or cottage more spacious and decorate the building. The extension of the veranda also performs a purely utilitarian function - insulating the house. Therefore, the question naturally arises of how to attach a veranda to the house correctly. Despite the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, its construction requires the implementation of a number of rules.

What is included in the veranda construction project:

location of the veranda. The main options are indicated above. It is important that the extension is a continuation of the house, representing a single architectural ensemble with it.

Note. It is better to place the veranda on the east or west side, then most of the time it will be out of direct sunlight. Also, it is worth taking into account the wind load in the region and on the site in particular.

entry point to the veranda. The entrance can be from the street, from one of the rooms, or through, across the street into the house;

door installation location. It is not advisable to place the entrance doors to the veranda and to the house opposite each other, otherwise drafts cannot be avoided;

size of the veranda in the house. The length of the veranda is usually equal to the length of the wall along which it is built. The width ranges from 2.5 to 7 m. It is important here that the size of the veranda is proportional to the size of the house.

Advice from the master. There is no need to save on the project. Its high-quality execution guarantees that the veranda will be built correctly, and obtaining permits will not cause problems.

An example of a typical veranda design is shown in the diagram

How to attach a veranda to a wooden house

Any extension to a wooden house is carried out after the structure has settled. A house made of timber or logs shrinks over a certain period (the most active is the first 2-3 years). To avoid skewing of the walls, you need to wait this period, or consider a connection to the house that allows the frame to play.

2. Documents for the construction of a veranda (permission)

Adding a veranda refers to the remodeling of a house. Therefore, it requires obtaining permits.

To obtain permission to build a veranda (for an extension, reconstruction), you need to submit to the architecture department:

a document confirming the ownership of the site;
house project with a veranda;
consent of all residents registered in the house;
application for registration.

Note. You need to start processing documents 2-3 months before the planned construction work. According to user reviews, this procedure takes quite a lot of time.

In principle, it is possible to complete a veranda without documents, but when selling, renting, or inheriting, problems may arise with this property. The veranda is included in the total area of the residential building; the BTI may regard this as an “Unauthorized increase in living space.” Especially if the veranda is heated (warm veranda).

When building a veranda, you should not deviate from the dimensions specified in the registered project. Any adjustment will entail a change in the project documentation and the payment of a fine. The consequences of unauthorized construction are spelled out in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation” and the Civil Code, an excerpt from which is given below.

The consequences for unauthorized construction are listed below

The last thing that will need to be done after the construction of the veranda is to legalize the construction with changes and obtain new documents.

3. Tools and materials for constructing a veranda

The tool depends on what material will be used in the construction of the extension. For wooden you need: a hacksaw, a screwdriver, a hammer and an axe, a sledgehammer, a tape measure, a plumb line, a level (construction and water level), a corner, a cord for marking, a shovel. For a metal frame, you will additionally need a grinder and a welding machine.

Material

The economy (budget) version of the veranda is a metal frame covered with plywood, OSB boards or plastic lining.

A veranda made of brick, natural stone or wood has a more presentable appearance. It is important here that the material of the extension matches the material from which the house or cottage is built or is in harmony (combined) with them.

To build a wooden veranda, you will need: lumber (log or timber, board, batten), fasteners (elements), protective solutions for wood, crushed stone, concrete, bitumen, drying oil or roofing felt, window and door systems, roofing material.

For a veranda with a metal frame: lumber will be replaced by metal corners and a steel profile, solutions for metal processing will be added, but otherwise the materials will be the same.

A polycarbonate veranda has proven itself well in that it allows you to unhinderedly admire the surrounding landscape. In addition, polycarbonate retains heat well, transmits light, and can be used for both walls and roofs. Plus, the cost of the material is quite reasonable. Cellular polycarbonate with a wall thickness of 14-18 mm is used.

Note. All materials requiring processing must be processed before work begins. Once the veranda is built, processing will be more difficult.

Preparation for construction

Construction of the veranda begins with preparing the site. The part of the site allocated for the veranda is turning into a construction site. Before starting work you need:

remove the canopy over the entrance;
dismantle the porch;
clear the area of green spaces and debris;
remove part of the turf;
think over the place for laying building materials and construction waste.

4. Foundation for the veranda to the house

Before you start pouring the foundation, you need to determine its type. The most widespread is the columnar foundation for the veranda, since it makes it possible to attach a veranda without being tied to the main foundation of the house. However, a heavier veranda requires pouring a strip foundation.

An important point is soil analysis, which makes it possible to reasonably choose the foundation for the veranda of the house. The following are taken into account: the ability of the soil to absorb moisture, the homogeneity and composition of the soil, the level of freezing, the height of groundwater, and the stability of the soil.

In addition, the choice of base for the extension will be influenced by the design of the house’s foundation and the condition of the walls (wall material).

Having decided which foundation for the veranda is best to make, they make markings for a strip foundation or mark the location for installing pillars (supports) for a pile foundation.

Note. For a small wooden veranda, it is enough to install pillars at the corners of the structure. For long and wide ones, provide additional posts along the length/width of the base. The recommended installation spacing for supports is 500-600 mm.

How to make a columnar foundation for a veranda

dig holes for the posts about 1 m deep. It is important to know that the depth of the foundation for the veranda depends on the depth of the foundation of the house (must be the same) and the level of soil freezing;

At the bottom of the pit, a cushion is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. They can also be covered in layers, first with sand, then crushed stone or gravel;

the concrete base is poured;

support pillars for the columnar foundation are laid out/inserted:

Made of brick. If you need to add a veranda to a brick house;

From timber. For a wooden veranda;

From asbestos pipes, concrete pillars or metal supports. For a frame veranda.

The ground part of the pillars is brought to the height of the main foundation of the house. If the base is high, you need to bring the extension to the level of the house.

Example in the photo (the first floor is used as a garage, the veranda is located at the level of the second floor).

The installation site is covered with sand to eliminate and strengthen the gap between the post and the soil.

The design of a veranda with a large mass requires pouring a strip foundation. To do this, you need to dig a trench, place the formwork (slightly higher than the required foundation height), and pour concrete. The process of complete hardening of concrete must be accompanied by periodic wetting with water to ensure uniform hardening of the concrete mixture.

5. Veranda frame

The installation of the frame begins with the completion of the bottom trim. To do this, timber is laid on the supports.

Note. The lower harness can have a double system. It is on this that the racks and floor joists will be attached in the future.

Next, supports are installed that form the frame of the veranda to the house. The frame of a wooden veranda is made of timber 120x80 or 100x100. When using logs, their diameter must exceed 120 mm. It is recommended to install supports at a distance of 500-600 mm, but in practice this is rare. However, supports must be installed in the corners and form door/window openings.

The height of the support is equal to the height of the veranda. In this case, the supports installed closer to the wall must be higher to form a pitched roof. Methods for attaching the racks to the bottom trim are shown in the figure.

Advice. The supports will be given rigidity by the jibs (braces) installed at the top and bottom.

When installing the frame, horizontal beams are installed, which will serve as the basis for installing the window sill board for glazing.

The installation of the veranda frame is completed by completing the top trim. It will serve as the basis for the formation of the rafter system, and will give the frame additional rigidity.

Note. To prevent the top trim from warping, the supports must be secured with temporary spacers.

Many people are interested in how to make a veranda frame from a log frame. Indeed, in this case, both the foundations of the buildings and the log house itself move. Therefore, all connections must be able to move (shift). Shrinkage compensators are installed from below, and from above the roof is firmly attached to the rafters of the log house.

6. Veranda roof

Part of the frame is the rafter system of the veranda. The installation of rafters and sheathing depends on what roofing material the veranda roof will be covered with.

From a design point of view, the following types of veranda roofs are distinguished:

Slope veranda roof.

The simplest and best option. In this case, the rafter system is mounted at an angle from the wall of the house, which allows rainwater or snow to flow down freely without causing damage to the building.

Note. A pitched roof is more convenient from the point of view of organizing drainage and, accordingly, installing a drainage system.

Gable roof veranda.

In this case, the veranda is attached to the house with a narrow part. It becomes like a passageway. This method has not found proper distribution. More often, such a roof is erected over a terrace.

The polygonal roof for the veranda is built in such a way that the angle of inclination is maintained for water drainage.

Installation of veranda rafter system

A purlin board (beam 100x80 mm) is installed on the wall of the house. The timber is secured with anchor bolts. The upper parts of the rafter legs are mounted on it.

A Mauerlat is installed around the perimeter of the frame. In small wooden extensions, this function is performed by the top trim boards. The lower parts of the rafter legs are installed on them.

The lower part of the rafters is mounted so that it is possible to provide an overhang (removal) of the roofing material, which means protecting the veranda from the ingress of flowing water.

Note. The distance between the rafter legs depends on the slope of the roof, the width of the veranda, and the weight of the roofing material.

When installing a polygonal veranda roofing system, a purlin board is additionally installed.

Depending on the chosen material, they fill the lathing (for metal tiles, ondulin, slate) or make a continuous sheathing (for flexible roofing materials).

How to attach a veranda to a house - video instructions

7. Floor on the veranda

Construction procedure, materials, methods of fastening and processing.

DIY flooring technology:

Logs are installed on the bottom trim boards. The distance between adjacent logs should be no more than 1 m. The logs are installed perpendicular to how the floorboard will be laid.

Attaching the joist to the frame is an important point; the quality of its implementation determines the performance characteristics of the floor. The installation of the log is controlled by the level.

What to make floors from on an open veranda

Concrete flooring on the veranda is cheaper, plus it is durable and requires subsequent finishing. For example, you can lay tiles or lay linoleum. The wooden floor on the veranda, even painted, will deform over time. It is also recommended to use plastic baseboards with wood decor.

How to cover the floors on a closed veranda

The floor of the closed veranda is being laid. In this case, installation begins with the board furthest from the entrance. It is attached to the joists directly through the board.

Subsequent boards are mounted using the tongue-and-groove method, and the hardware is fastened through the groove.

How to fix a floorboard on a veranda

It is recommended to fasten floor boards with self-tapping screws. Their length should be twice the width of the board. The distance from the edge of the floorboard to the wall is 10-15 mm. This gap will compensate for the expansion of wood during the hot season.

How to cover the floor on the veranda (open, closed)

Wooden veranda flooring is one of the most popular and easiest to install. Therefore, the relevant question is how to treat the floor on the veranda in order to extend its service life and preserve its aesthetic properties.

Floorboards will last longer if they are additionally coated with solutions that prevent the appearance of fungus. As a finishing floor covering, a decorative layer of paint or stain is applied, covered with varnish on top.

A new product among paintwork materials is Dufa “Liquid Plastic” paint, intended for outdoor use (well suited for an open veranda).

Of the transparent coatings that have earned the respect of users:

Tikkurila Valtti (wood oil);
Pinotex Terrace Oil;
Alpina Oel Terrassen Dunkel;
Watco Danish Oil.;
as well as epoxy varnishes (yacht varnishes), which are intended for use in damp environments.

the product must be intended for wood;

be resistant to abrasion;

be resistant to environmental factors (water, temperature, ultraviolet).

It is worth noting that veranda floor coverings are quite expensive, but this is justified by their service life, without refinishing, and high aesthetic properties.

8. Roofing material for the veranda

As a roofing material, it is better to use a material for the veranda roof that is installed on the main building (house or cottage). Bituminous shingles have proven themselves well. They are installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Note. To prevent water from flowing inside the veranda where the roof of the extension meets the wall of the house, you need to lay a joint strip on top of the roofing material.

Correct installation of the joint strip involves making a gash in the wall of the house and inserting the narrow edge of the strip into it.

You can admire the surrounding beauty in the warmth of the veranda by installing transparent roofs for the veranda. In this case, the role of roofing material is played by glass or cellular polycarbonate.

Telescopic awning roofs or sliding roofs for the veranda are considered new.

). Installation of finishing materials depends on their type.

It is important to know that the wall of the veranda adjacent to the house is secured with embedded metal elements (parts). The fastening must be rigid.

Today, it is popular to cover veranda walls with sliding systems, the upper half of which is glass and the lower half is wooden.

Note. Before moving on to the external and internal decoration of the walls of the veranda, you need to give it time to settle. This is especially true for a wooden veranda.

10. Glazing of the veranda

Windows occupy a significant part of the veranda wall area. Due to the fact that the veranda is a summer structure, single wooden windows are usually installed, most often plastic or wooden. Aluminum windows with multi-chamber double-glazed windows are used.

The large veranda is equipped with both opening and fixed windows. The first allow for ventilation of the room, the second - save on glazing. Noteworthy are the sliding windows, which allow you to turn the veranda into an open terrace.

Among the new products, flexible windows for the veranda stand out. They allow you to extend the operational period of the summer veranda. The advantage of windows is their relatively low cost and the ability to quickly install and dismantle them for the winter. They make a high veranda safe for children to play without compromising its attractiveness.

Soft windows for the veranda are roller systems (PVC curtains), which allow you to glaze the veranda of any configuration (round, semicircular, oval).

Installation of soft windows - video

The terrace, like the patio, is an open structure on a country site. It is erected slightly elevated above ground level or at the floor level of the main building and may have side fences. Sometimes the building is built in the form of an extended porch.

The main task of designing an extension is to harmoniously arrange the terrace in the landscape design of a suburban area. It is preferable that the terrace plan be included in the overall design of the site. In this case, it is erected on a single foundation with the main building. During construction, you can use common materials and design solutions. Thanks to the overall design of the buildings, the terrace will organically fit into the architectural ensemble.

If it was planned after the construction of the main building, a separate project must be made for the extension.

When designing, one should take into account the climatic features of the area and the condition of the soil of the suburban area. Since the structure is planned to be attached to a wooden or brick house, the condition of its foundation and other structures that will be adjacent to the terrace are examined.

To build an open terrace, permitting documents are not required. Such structures are considered temporary by law. If a closed terrace is being built with foundation equipment and glazing, it is defined as a veranda. Its construction must be registered as a redevelopment. To obtain permission, the extension project is submitted to the chief architect of the district. Then changes are made to the general design of the suburban area.

Placement, shape and dimensions of the terrace

The choice of location for the extension will determine the convenience of its use, the suitability of the terrace and its protection from atmospheric influences. More often, a terrace is attached to the front side of the house, simultaneously serving as a porch, a canopy and a place for relaxation and feasting.

If the structure is not tied to the main entrance door, it is arranged on the side of the kitchen or living room, equipping a separate exit from these rooms. This will allow you to serve dishes and invite guests to a table set in the fresh air. In another embodiment, it is located around the perimeter of the house with one or several entrances.

It is better to choose a place for the terrace in the shade of trees growing on the site. If the area near the house is not shaded, preference is given to the eastern or northern side of the main building. But such an arrangement is planned if the suburban area belongs to a region with hot summer weather.

The size of the terrace depends on the capabilities of the site and the nature of its use. For free movement along it, the width of the extension must be at least 120 cm. The area of the dining area is determined taking into account the number of residents and possible guests. Accommodating 6 people at a table on the terrace will require about 8 m2 of equipped area. For additional space for relaxation, the placement of sun loungers or a sofa is taken into account, ensuring free passage.

The shape of the terrace is chosen based on the personal preferences of the owners and the available space near the house. An open terrace can have different configurations - rectangular, round or with broken contours. For a closed building, you should take into account the convenience of erecting a roof over it. For a non-standard structure, you can use modern glass roofing elements.

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Materials for arranging a terrace

The main criterion for choosing a material for the construction of a structure is the harmonious appearance of the terrace in the landscape of the area and compliance with the main architectural style. But there is no need to use the same types of materials as when building a house.

When adding support columns for the roof, you can make it from brick, and the balustrade and floor can be made from wood. If the house is wooden, the terrace elements are made of the same material. As an exception, roofing and fencing elements using glass look neutral. They are harmonious against the background of wood, brick or stone. Forged fences fit well into the appearance of only a stone or brick house.

The choice of floor covering for the site depends on the degree of its openness. If the terrace floor has special requirements - resistance to large temperature changes, high humidity and loads - porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles are used as a covering. In the traditional version, preference is given to wooden floors. For open types of structures, the finishing coating can be a terrace or deck board. Solid boards can only be used in indoor areas. The tongue-and-groove connection of the boards prevents the normal flow of rainwater.

If you plan to build a terrace yourself, you will need a set of the most necessary tools:

shovels, hole drills, containers for mortar - when pouring the foundation;
circular saw, jigsaw and tape measure - for cutting and processing material;
drill, hammer, screwdriver - to secure it;
chisel, plane, ax - for fitting wooden elements;
level, construction cord - for proper installation of structures.

The veranda allows you to profitably expand the useful space of a residential building. In a properly constructed and well-equipped extension, you can comfortably spend time both in the warm and cold seasons.

It is best to build the extension so that it covers the entrance door to the main house. Therefore, you will not be able to build a veranda on any desired side of the already finished main building. Otherwise, the veranda will be separated from the main building and you will have to enter it from across the street.

The dimensions of the extension are selected individually. For a family of 3-6 people, a veranda measuring 3x4 m is enough. It is also important to take into account the general view from the street. For example, if you live in a large two- or even three-story house, and the veranda is very small, the overall architectural ensemble will turn out to be inharmonious. For compact houses, you can safely add verandas the width of the entire wall of the main building - it looks great.

Important note! Regardless of the chosen dimensions and the overall features of the extension, its construction must first be legalized. To do this, you must have a project on hand. You can find it in open sources or order it from a specialized company.

Take your project to your local architectural department. Department employees will study your project, make the necessary changes and issue a permit. Keep in mind that on average it takes about 2-3 months to review and approve a project, so it is best to resolve this issue in the winter, before the start of the construction season.

Construction site marking

We are starting to prepare our construction site.

First step. We remove about 150 mm of the top layer of soil from the perimeter of the future building and take it to the flower beds, vegetable garden or other place.

Second step. Align the resulting depression.

Third step. We carry out the markings. First, focusing on the project, we drive in metal or wooden pins at the corners of the site, then in the same way we drive in intermediate pegs every 1-1.5 m, and then we pull a rope between the pins. We will use it to guide us in the process of arranging the foundation.

Making the foundation

Most often, verandas are built on columnar or strip type foundations. The depth of the support is assumed to be equal to the depth of the foundation of the main house. It is strongly not recommended to connect the main support to the foundation of the extension, because these structures will have widely varying weights. Consequently, the degree of their shrinkage will also vary. To prevent a heavy house from dragging down a relatively light extension, the latter must be built on a separate foundation. To do this, leave approximately a 3-4 cm gap between the foundations.

Important point! When choosing the type of foundation, consider, first of all, the soil characteristics in your region and the total mass of the veranda. For the construction of heavy structures on heaving soils, monolithic ones are best suited. Lightweight structures, for example, made of wood, can be built on columnar supports.

Tape base

A strip-type foundation is optimally suited for the further construction of a veranda on it from building blocks or bricks. The thickness of the base, as already noted, is maintained equal to the thickness of the foundation of the house. If this is a new building, keep the thickness at 70-80 cm.

First step. We dig a trench around the perimeter of the walls of the extension.

Second step. We level the bottom and walls of the trench using wooden boards or panels to the height of the future concrete support.

Third step. We successively fill the bottom of the trench with a 10-centimeter layer of sand and the same layer of crushed stone, making sure to compact each ball of backfill.

Fourth step. We lay a reinforcing mesh of 10-12 mm bars. The recommended mesh size is 10x10 cm. This way the base will be as strong as possible.

Fifth step. We pour concrete prepared from a portion of cement, three portions of sand, 4-5 portions of crushed stone and water.

Carefully level the fill and leave it to dry and gain strength for 3-4 weeks. In hot weather, we pour concrete every day to prevent it from cracking.

Columnar base

Perfect for a veranda made of timber or polycarbonate. It is recommended to make holes for posts with a depth of 80-110 cm. If the veranda is small (up to about 3x4 m), it will be enough to install supports in the corners. However, professional builders recommend installing intermediate posts for any size veranda. We maintain the distance between supports within 0.8-1 m.

First step. We dig holes in the places where the pillars will be poured. The most convenient way to do this is with a drill.

Second step. We fill the bottom of each depression with a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Additionally, it is recommended to pour approximately 10 cm of crushed stone. We compact each layer.

Third step. Pour the concrete to the ground level and let it harden.

Fourth step. We coat the finished concrete supports with bitumen.

Fifth step. We fill the gaps between the ground and the supports with sand.

Sixth step. We erect the above-ground part of the pillars from brick. We make the height equal to the height of the foundation of the main house.

Making a subfloor

The floor can be wooden or concrete. For example, in a frame veranda made of wooden beams, a wooden floor would be more appropriate. Concrete pouring will best fit into a brick extension.

We make a wooden subfloor like this:

We fix the beam of the lower trim on the foundation. We use suitable fasteners, for example, anchors. To connect the beams directly, we first make samples at the places of their joints and additionally fasten them with galvanized nails;
We attach wooden logs to the bottom trim. We keep the step at 50 cm - this way the floor will definitely not fall through. We use the connection option described above;
fill the space between the joists with expanded clay;
We make the flooring from unedged boards or plywood about 50 mm thick. We attach the flooring elements to the joists with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

We make a concrete screed like this:

fill the base with a 10-centimeter layer of sand;
pour a layer on top;
lay the reinforcing mesh. For the floor of the veranda, a mesh of rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm with cells of 25x25 cm is sufficient;
pour concrete.

Important! The screed should be as even as possible. We carry out the work with the obligatory use of a level.

Building a wooden veranda

Basic properties of the material

Wood is one of the most popular and ancient building materials. Even after the appearance on the market of all kinds of blocks and other low-cost and easy-to-arrange elements, wood practically did not lose ground.

Almost anyone can handle the construction of a simple frame wooden veranda. You just need to properly mount the frame posts and cover them with shields, clapboard or other suitable material.

The undeniable advantages of wood are its environmental friendliness, beautiful appearance and relatively low weight. The latter property allows you to abandon the construction of expensive and difficult to construct foundations.

The main disadvantage of a wooden veranda is its fire hazard - installing a barbecue in such an extension or in the immediate vicinity of it is a very important undertaking that requires taking into account many nuances and details. Therefore, it is better to move the source of fire somewhere further outside the wooden veranda.

Another significant disadvantage of wood is its poor tolerance to high humidity, which is why the material requires serious pre-treatment with special ones. Without such preparation, the wood will rot very quickly.

Construction order

To build the frame, we use high-quality wooden beams with a cross-section of 100x100 mm. We already have the bottom trim and subfloor, so we continue to work, adhering to the instructions below.

First step. We cut grooves in the beam of the lower trim for installing vertical supports. We maintain a half-meter step.

Second step. We install vertical racks. To fasten the frame elements we use staples and screws or nails.

Important! The roof of our veranda, as noted, will be sloping. Therefore, we make the vertical beam installed at the bottom point of the slope 50 cm below the opposite posts.

Third step. We mount the beam of the upper trim. On higher racks no questions will arise - we perform the connections in exactly the same way as in the previous stages.

When installing the strapping of lower supports, we do the following: first we connect the pillars longitudinally with a strapping beam, and then we fix the transverse crossbars connecting the high and low posts at the height of the low posts. We fasten the crossbars to the high posts using pre-created samples and nails.

Fourth step. The top trim is ready. The resulting slope will allow us to lay the rafters for the roof. Additionally, we nail a girder near the roof slope. To fasten the beam to all supports, we use anchor bolts. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fasten the strapping beams with transverse boards or beams, if possible and necessary (we focus on the weight of the future roofing material). We will attach racks and struts to them for greater strength of the rafter system.

Fifth step. We install in increments of 50 cm. For this we use a wooden beam with a section of 100x200 mm. We connect structural elements using any of the previously discussed methods.

Sixth step. We cover the frame. Lining is perfect for interior cladding, and siding or other material for exterior cladding. We lay layers of hydro- and thermal insulation between the external and internal cladding materials. We attach the film to the frame. The position of the insulation is fixed by transverse slats. The finishing material is also attached to them. When covering, do not forget to leave openings for windows and doors.

Prices for various types of timber

Brick verandas

Basic information about building materials

Brick is excellent for constructing permanent verandas. A building made from this material will be cool in the summer and, provided the insulation is properly insulated, warm in the winter. Brickwork is durable, fireproof and easy to maintain.

The main disadvantage of a brick building is its heavy weight. Such structures are built exclusively on , which does not have the best effect on the total cost of construction.

The procedure for constructing a veranda

The foundation is ready and waterproofed, the screed is poured, the base is level and does not require any additional preparatory measures. Let's start laying out the walls.

We first select the appropriate type of masonry. The simplest options, perfect for constructing a veranda yourself, are as follows:

spoon masonry. The final wall thickness will be 120 mm;
bonded masonry. Wall thickness – 250 mm;
chain laying. Allows you to obtain walls with a thickness of 380 mm.

First step. We attach a mooring cord to two opposite ends of the foundation with a tie. It should run along the edge of the base.

Second step. We place the corner bricks along the cord, and then fill the space between them in accordance with the chosen masonry method. To fasten building elements we use standard cement mortar.

Third step. We check the evenness of the first row and similarly lay out the walls to the required height, not forgetting to leave openings for doors and windows.

Important! will be inclined, so we make the wall at the bottom of the slope, as well as the side walls adjacent to it, a row lower compared to the wall supporting the top of the roof.

Having laid out the last row of walls, we arrange an armored belt. To do this, we fix formwork about 70 mm high on each wall along the upper surface of the walls, place anchor bolts in the corners, lay reinforcing bars and pour concrete.

We let the concrete harden, and then attach a strapping of wooden beams with a section of 10x10 cm to the anchor bolts. The further procedure for arranging the rafter system remains similar to the situation with

If the veranda is planned to be used throughout the year, the walls can be laid in two rows, filling the gap between the rows with thermal insulation material. With single masonry, insulation, moisture insulation and interior finishing are carried out by analogy with a wooden veranda. Exterior decoration is at your discretion. You can simply carefully unstitch the seams and call it a day.

Masonry size	Length, L	Width, V	Height, N	Number of bricks excluding thickness mortar joint, PC.	Number of bricks taking into account thickness mortar joint 10 mm, PC.
1 m3 single brick masonry	250	120	65	512	394
1 m3 thickened brick masonry	250	120	88	378	302
	250	120	65	61	51
1 sq. m of masonry in half a brick (masonry thickness 120 mm)	250	120	88	45	39
1 sq. m of masonry in one brick (masonry thickness 250 mm)	250	120	65	128	102
	250	120	65	189	153
1 sq. m of masonry of one and a half bricks (masonry thickness 380 mm)	250	120	88	140	117
	250	120	65	256	204
1 sq. m of masonry in two bricks (masonry thickness 510 mm)	250	120	88	190	156
	250	250	65	317	255
1 sq. m of masonry in two and a half bricks (masonry thickness 640 mm)	250	250	88	235	195

Prices for construction and facing bricks

Construction and facing bricks

Making a veranda roof

And the rafters are installed. All that remains is to make the sheathing, install the insulating layers and lay the finishing roofing material.

The lathing can be solid (for rolled materials) and sparse (for sheet roofing). We make continuous sheathing from OSB boards. To do this, we attach them to the rafters with a 1-centimeter gap. We fasten the sparse sheathing beams at a pitch recommended by the manufacturer of the selected roofing material. On average, it is 30-35 cm. To attach the sheathing to the rafters, we use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

We fill the cells between the sheathing beams with mineral wool for thermal insulation. We lay a waterproofing film on top and attach it to the sheathing using a stapler with staples. In the case of arranging a continuous sheathing, we fix the thermal insulation from the inside of the room. We secure the insulation boards using transverse slats, nailing them to the sheathing.

Finally, all that remains is to mount. It is better that it matches the roof covering of the main house. For the rest, we focus on our preferences and available budget.

Finishing the floor

If the subfloor is wooden, we lay insulation in the space between them and fill the flooring from edged boards to the joists. We paint and varnish the boards.

You can also install a boardwalk on top of the concrete screed, similar to the previous method, or lay another material of your choice, for example, linoleum.

Finally, all that remains is the doors, furnishing at your discretion and connecting lighting if necessary. We won't pull the wiring. It is enough to remove the extension cord from the house and turn on the necessary lighting fixtures.

Good luck!

Video - DIY veranda

Proper construction of extensions for various purposes can not only expand the residential part of the house, but also improve its appearance and protect it from wear and tear. The construction of a veranda adjacent to the house, regardless of the type of structure, requires careful development of the project, with the determination of materials and construction technology.

Proper execution and approval of project documentation by government authorities will not only insure against problems with the law, but will also help to draw up a plan and estimate for the structure.

Design

A typical veranda is a roofed frame structure built on a strip or column foundation, with glass or half-glass walls. The statement that the veranda should be built from the same materials as the main building, with the emergence of new styles and fashionable trends in architecture, has lost its relevance.

The photos below show ready-made solutions for verandas attached to the house, with various principles of compatibility. In some cases, the new extension is made of the same materials and is completely combined with the house; in others, the new addition is combined with the preservation of common elements - roof, beams, etc.

There are also projects in which the original design of the extension introduces a new architectural touch, updating the exterior.

When choosing materials and construction technologies, you should also take into account the parameters of proper ventilation, moisture resistance and thermal insulation. With full glazing, it is necessary to provide opening segments for ventilation.

If you are building an open veranda, or, as it is also called, a summer terrace, you need to take care of the frost-resistant lining and the slope of the floor towards the site.

Designs with removable frames are optimal for year-round use. Installing large sliding doors will also allow the building to be used in a dual-mode version.

In a typical project, the veranda area is rectangular and ranges from 10 to 15 sq.m. For smaller areas it will be too cramped; for larger ones, additional reinforcement for the roof will be required. Polygonal and semicircular foundations are also possible.

According to its location, the veranda can be corner, end or facade. An original solution can be considered the construction of a terrace along the entire perimeter of the house, which can have glazed, open and closed areas for various purposes: they can accommodate an entrance hall, a recreation area, and a large storage room.

Foundation

The foundation of terraces and verandas attached to the house must fit tightly to the main building, but at the same time have independent supports.

A strip foundation is suitable for large and heavy structures; in all other cases, a columnar foundation can be erected. When pouring concrete, you need to leave a gap of 3-4 cm with the main wall, which will subsequently be filled with waterproofing foam.

At the first stage of preparation for construction, the soil is cleaned and compacted. Then, for the pillars, corner holes are dug along the depth of the house foundation (about 1 m on average), a cushion is made of crushed stone, gravel and sand, onto which concrete is poured.

After setting, supports made of asbestos or metal pipes are inserted. Concrete pillars or brick can also be used. The same method is used to lay high piles for buildings adjacent to the second floor level.

Depending on the area and weight of the terrace, intermediate posts may be needed, installed every half meter.

For a strip foundation, a 30-50 cm trench is dug, the formwork is placed 15-20 cm higher. Metal reinforcement bars or reinforcing mesh are placed into the soil. Concrete is poured onto a layer of crushed stone and sand.

Wood frame

The frame is assembled from beams or logs with a width of at least 12 cm, which are covered with a waterproofing layer. For the strength of horizontal knitting, experts recommend using fastenings in the foot, the surface of the connection will be at an angle. Vertical posts are secured with diagonal interceptions.

At the final stage, the wooden frame is covered with rafters for the roof. For cladding you can use plywood panels, chipboards, etc.

Construction of a wooden veranda is the best budget solution in terms of materials prices, but when choosing this type of construction you need a professional approach and knowledge of the nuances of construction from wooden beams.

Other materials for verandas

The foam block structure is erected on a strip foundation. This type of masonry is easy to do yourself. The laying is carried out using a special glue, with the seams bandaged for strength.

When finishing, an internal and external waterproofing layer, finishing with plasterboard, wooden panels, moisture-resistant wallpaper and paints are provided. The outer surface can be lined with ventilated facades.

The construction of the structure is made of polycarbonate, a modern and attractive option. This material goes well in buildings with wooden and brick frames.

For a building that consists entirely of bicarbonate panels, you do not need a foundation. The earth can simply be compacted and covered with paving slabs.

The structure is created using aluminum profiles; it is necessary to provide for the possibility of ventilation and water drainage. Polycarbonate panels and frames of various types can be tailored to specific needs for lighting and thermal insulation.

Before you attach a veranda to the house, you need to decide on the functions that it will perform. In addition to the necessary drainage and ventilation systems in any case, proper connection to the permanent structure and roof structure, the schedule for using this part of the house is important.

The design and construction of summer verandas differs from the requirements for premises with year-round use. It is also important to note that any extension will require the same care and updating as permanent buildings.