Homemade device for finding acupuncture points. DIY electropuncture reflexology devices

An example of a simple and at the same time multifunctional device is a circuit that was widespread in the late 70s of the last century and meets the above requirements. The device, assembled on a discrete element base using germanium p-n-p transistors, allows you to search for BAP using a reduced ECS (Fig. 1). The search for a point takes place using the UPT circuit (T5-T7), the indication is carried out by LED1 and a dial indicator in the active probe circuit. A generator based on a symmetrical multivibrator produces current pulses of different polarity (including diode D1 in the circuit in different directions using switch S2) and duration (paired R4-R6, C1, C2) in automatic mode, and by adding the circuit by switching the common terminals S1.2- S1.4, bipolar pulses can also be obtained. BAP stimulation can also be performed in manual mode (+ or -) by pressing the S3 button. Thus, we can talk about the functional state of the BAP by comparing the magnitude of the current of negative and positive polarity flowing through the BAP. The device uses a sensitive microammeter with an average zero point, which simplifies switching the circuit in different operating modes and facilitates visualization of the disproportion of current of different polarities through the point. The current strength is set by R3. When setting up the device, you should select the sensitivity threshold by changing the value of R11, which is most appropriate from the point of view of searching for points in each specific case.

The device is powered by a 9 V Krona battery, which makes the device absolutely safe.

A slightly simpler device is one assembled on widely used silicon n-p-n transistors (Fig. 2). It uses a more common microammeter (without an average zero point), the manual BAP stimulation mode is removed, and from a symmetrical multivibrator, depending on the position of S1 and S2, you can get:

positive DC pulses;
negative DC pulses;
bipolar pulses (+/-) direct current.

The pulse frequency is adjusted intermittently by switching the selected R4-R13 two-bar S3 to five positions (“Frequency”):

1 - 30 in 1 min. 3 - 3 in 1 min. 5 - 0.8 in 1 min. 2 - 8 in 1 min. 4 - 1.2 in 1 min.

The frequency of unipolar pulses (+ or -) is two times less. The current strength is adjustable from 0 to 100 μA using R1 (“Patient Current”) (combined with the device switch S4).

Operating modes:

“Search” - the search for BAP is carried out using a reduced ECS;
“Bipolar stimulation” (+/-);
“Stimulation is monopolar” (either + or -).

Indication of operation - in the “Search” mode, LED3 lights up and the microammeter needle deflects. During stimulation, the microammeter needle deflects when a positive or negative impulse arrives (selected depending on the position of switch S1 “Positive impulse”, “Negative impulse”). To illustrate the operation of the device in stimulation mode, instead of R3, R14 in the circuit, you can install chains of an LED and a resistor.

Methods are widely used to correct the condition of the body stimulation of biologically active points(BAT). or acupuncture points. (this has already been discussed in the article Device for reflexology).

Difficulties in using these methods arise due to the difficulty of finding these same bio-dots on the human body, since their area does not exceed 1 mm2.

By controlling the resistance of skin areas with the proposed device in the places where BAP are supposed to be located, you can find them easily and unambiguously. The device is housed in a metal case measuring 96x38x39 mm. The case contains an electrical circuit, a battery and a switch. An insulator of the active search electrode is fixed on one end side of the housing, and indication LEDs are mounted on the other side. The passive electrode is a metal case, which is held in the hand when searching for BAP.
The picture shows diagram of a device for searching biologically active points on the human body.

An active search electrode is connected to the inverting input of comparator DA1. Resistor R1 determines the input resistance of the device, capacitor C1 serves to filter interference, resistor R2 limits the current of the indicator LEDs HL1...HL3. Variable resistor R4 regulates the voltage supplied to the human body (through the fingers holding the body of the device). Resistors R3 and R5 limit the limits of voltage change. The voltage between the search and passive electrodes is no more than 5 V, the current is no more than 0.5 μA. The current consumption of the device in standby mode is 1 mA. and if the LEDs are on - 5...bmA.

The device is made on a printed circuit board, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 2. It contains all the parts except the LEDs and the battery. The board is designed to use a variable resistor SPZ-9a; it is installed on the board on an L-shaped bracket. You can glue a scale (for example, 10 divisions) near the resistor handle. The remaining resistors are MLT type. power button - microswitch MP-7. LEDs - AL307B. The device is powered by a Krona battery.
The design of the search electrode allows its pressure on the skin surface to be normalized. A drawing of an insulator with a search electrode installed in it is shown in Fig. 3. The insulator is made of organic glass, ebonite or fluoroplastic, and the pin from the ShR connector (02 mm) is best suited for the electrode. These connectors have silver plated contacts.
For ease of searching for points on the surface of the head, back or legs. It is better to make one of the LEDs remote and connect it to the body with wires 0.5... 1 m long. If you are searching for BAP on a visible area of skin. then after finding the point you can press lightly
to the electrode. Then a clearly visible imprint of the insulator will remain on the surface of the skin, the center of which will be the desired BAP.

The work of the stimulator is based on the effect that in the place where the active point is located close to the surface of the skin, the resistance of the human body decreases sharply.

This can be easily checked even with a regular tester turned on to measure maximum resistance (usually 2 MOhm), if you hold one of its probes in your hand and touch different parts of the body with the other. The resistance of different sections will vary quite noticeably. Thus, the operation of the device is based on the effect of changing the resistance of different parts of the body.

Several drawings of maps of acupuncture points on the body

The circuit is a simple pulse generator, the frequency of which is determined by an RC circuit. Here R is the resistance at this specific point of the human body. Since the resistance at different points is different, the generation frequency will also be noticeably different. The lower the resistance of the skin area, the higher the frequency. Therefore, the procedure for finding a biologically active point (BAP) consists of searching for a pinpoint area of the skin where the frequency of LED flashing and the sound of the piezo emitter will be the highest. In this case, one of the electrodes is a metal plate on the body of the device (or the body of the device itself, if it is metal), providing reliable contact with the hand, and the second is a metal pin, by moving which across the skin BAPs are searched for. Power can be from any batteries or accumulators with a voltage from 4.5 to 12 V.

A simple pulse generator is assembled on a microcircuit. This may be a digital MS type K561LA7 (shown in the diagram). It contains 4 NAND elements in one package. You can use others, for example, K561LA9, where there are 2 AND-NOT elements, but with three inputs:

The power of generated pulses with such a microcircuit will increase. Or others, similar to MS series 561, 174, 164, 155. But in this case, one should take into account the possibility of a different pinout and supply voltage range of the microcircuit. MS with OR-NOT elements are also suitable:

The diode bridge generates pulses of a certain polarity. Its diodes can be any low-power ones, for example KD520, 521, 522, etc. The LED indicator is also any, the brightness of its glow can be adjusted by trimming resistor VR1 (its resistance cannot be reduced to zero, otherwise the LED may burn out!) Therefore, it is better to choose a constant resistor of the required value. The piezo emitter can be installed or not. It does not affect the normal operation of the device in any way and is only needed for sound indication of the device’s operation, if necessary. It can be of types ZP-1, ZP-2, ZP-4, ZP-5.

Printed circuit board and parts layout

Download the board drawing here. The homemade stimulator does not require any adjustment. Connect the power and, if all elements are working, it immediately starts working. In the initial state, when the resistance between the electrodes is high, the generator does not generate anything. The LED may light constantly or not light at all. When the probes touch, generation begins. The LED begins to blink more often, the lower the resistance between the probes and, therefore, the closer the biologically active point. When it hits the BAP point directly, the LED blinks at maximum frequency. When using a sound emitter in a circuit, the sound also reaches its maximum frequency. When you hold the probe on the BAP, it is stimulated with a pulsed current.

In the specialized literature and other sources there are recommendations on which impulses of what polarity are best to influence BAP. As a rule, it is recommended to act with negative impulses. In this case, the second, positive electrode should be held in your hand, or applied to another place (you should get recommendations from your doctor about this). You can add a switch to the device for convenience and use it to change the polarity of the impact pulses. How to do this is shown in the figure below:

The electrical stimulator can be assembled in any suitable plastic or metal housing. If the body is metal, then one of the electrodes should be connected to the body. If the body is made of dielectric, then a metal plate or foil should be glued to it, connected to one of the electrodes.

Video about electronic acupuncture stimulator

Below are photos of a possible design of the device, assembled in a small-sized electrical switching box.

DEVICES FOR SEARCHING ACUPUNCTURE POINTS WITH YOUR HANDS

Two simple diagrams of devices for finding biologically active points

Below, two simple diagrams of devices for finding acupuncture (biologically active) points of a person are proposed. These devices use a search for points based on their conductivity (resistance). At acupuncture points, a relatively low electrical resistance is observed, fixed over an area of about 2 mm2 and equal to approximately 800 kOhm and below, and already at a distance of 2 mm from this point the resistance increases to approximately 1.4 MOhm. Actual resistance values may vary by ±20% from those indicated.

Acupuncture points are also characterized by increased pain sensitivity.

The “Bio-search” device (Fig. 1) is made on the K561LA7 microcircuit. On element DD1.1 there is a threshold element, on elements DD1.2, DD1.3 there is a generator that controls the operation of the indication. The AL307 LED and a small-sized loudspeaker such as DEMSH or TM-2 are used as indicators.

The passive electrode (“Bracelet”) and the active electrode (“Probe”) must be made of brass. The name “Bracelet” remains from similar old-style devices, in which the passive electrode was actually made in the form of a bracelet. In new devices, the passive electrode is made in the form of a brass tube 01...3 cm and 15 cm long, to which a wire is soldered from the inside for connection to the device.

The active electrode is a piece of brass rod or thick brass wire 03 mm long and 12 cm long. It is inserted inside any plastic or wooden tube (the body of a pen from which the writing rod has been removed is suitable). A connecting wire is also soldered to the probe. The front, working part of the probe, protruding from the pen to a length of about 1 cm, should be rounded and well polished.

When setting up the device, you need to adjust the threshold element DD1.1, for which resistor R2 is selected in such a way that the device indication works reliably when the resistance between the probe and the bracelet decreases to approximately 800 kOhm.

When searching for acupuncture points, you need to move the probe smoothly, without pressure, over the skin - like a pencil on paper, holding the bracelet in your other hand. To test find points, you can try moving the probe along the outside of your hand. The points located near the nails of each finger are usually easily detected by this device.

The Micro-ELAP device (Fig. 2) can be used both in the search mode for acupuncture points and in the treatment mode. Micro-ELAP needs to be powered only from rechargeable batteries or rechargeable batteries. This device cannot be powered from the mains, even through a transformer! Using switch S2, the positive or negative polarity of the probe (active electrode) relative to the bracelet (passive) is set.

The Micro-ELAP device has a dial and sound indication. A generator is made on elements DD1.1, DD1.2 to search for points using a pulse signal. A generator based on elements DD1.3, DD1.4 is used for indication. Pulse signal frequency in the range of 0.9 ... 10 Hz. When searching, when the probe hits an acupuncture point, there is a sharp decrease in the resistance between the bracelet and the probe. This leads to the fact that the control input of the sound generator, assembled on elements DD1.3, DD1.4, receives a high level, allowing its operation.

It is advisable to adjust the device so that the current through the dial indicator PA1 does not exceed 15 μA. The Micro-ELAP device uses a microammeter with a total deviation drain of 100 μA. If the device is used only in point search mode, then you can use a 50 µA microammeter. For a more detailed acquaintance with electro-acupuncture, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with special literature, for example.

1. Voll R. Topographical position of measuring points during electro-acupuncture. - M.: Techart, 1993.

We equip a private house

Devices for electropuncture

Therefore, using such a device at home is difficult to do any harm. Using simple sets of points from atlases on acupressure and reference books on oriental reflexology, you can get good results in treating certain diseases and relieving pain syndromes. Effective treatment of lumbago and sciatica (tested from personal experience), and for joint pain. Of course, it is unrealistic to treat chronic diseases at home without medical education, but in some situations it is quite possible to help yourself and your loved ones.

The design of the device is a plastic case with a working panel on which the microammeter measuring head and control knobs are located. One of the connectors of the device is connected to a copper electrode (which is convenient to hold in the hand), the other connector is connected to a movable probe electrode, which is a plastic handle with a silver-plated electrode with a diameter of about 3 mm, which is placed on the BAP. The device is powered by a 9 volt Krona battery.

The search for biologically active points is carried out using an atlas; after some time, skill and knowledge of the main points are acquired.

By shorting the probes to each other, use the “Current” knob to set the short circuit current to approximately 80 microamps. Then the copper electrode is taken in the hand opposite to the side where the BAP is located, the movable electrode is placed on the point with slight pressure. The current at a biologically active point almost does not depend on the condition of the skin, but mainly depends on the condition of the meridian, its ability to transmit energy, and on the cleanliness and health of the body. In the first few seconds after installing the moving electrode, the device shows a slight current (1-10 μA), there are no sensations.

After some time, a pleasant (or painful) tingling sensation begins and the instrument needle begins to rise to a value of approximately 60 µA. It is necessary to hold for several seconds until the values are fixed, then “pump” the point using polarity reversal. To do this, press the “polarity reversal” button and hold it, observing on the device the reaction of the point to the change in polarity. She makes a small quick surge, then, after thinking a little, she begins to reduce the current to very small values. After waiting for the arrow to drop, release the button and wait for the current to increase to 60 µA.

In this way we “pump up” the biologically active point. During these manipulations, there may be some pain syndromes at the point; if the pain is severe, you just need to reduce the current. As a rule, the most painful points are those that are responsible for the diseased organ.

The behavior of the current in the BAP described above during treatment and polarity reversal occurs at a “healthy” point. If there are deviations from the norm, then the arrow behaves differently. The point may not “break through” for a very long time, that is, it may not reach the mode of passing a current of 60 μA, and the reaction to a change in polarity may be different. This indicates a deviation in the state of the BAP, therefore, it is necessary to periodically influence it.

A conventional device for electropuncture, the so-called Lednev-Usachev device, published in the FIS journal, is presented in Diagram 1. The diagram is so simple that it does not require description. The current is regulated by a variable resistor; an additional resistor is needed to prevent accidental short circuits when setting the current. The button performs polarity reversal. The device is conveniently powered by a -9 volt Krona battery; it is small in size and lasts a long time.

To more effectively “pierce” the impact point, a device circuit with a short-term increase in the applied voltage is used. When you press the “breakdown” button, triple the battery voltage is applied to the BAP. To effectively “break through” the BAT, briefly press the button several times, watching the behavior of the arrow. When the current increases and tingling occurs, release the button and then carry out regular treatment of the point. The circuit diagram of an electropuncture device with a “breakdown” function is shown in Diagram 2.

In this circuit, the applied voltage is increased by connecting pre-charged capacitors in series. When the “breakdown” button is released, the containers are charged to the battery voltage; when the button is pressed, they are turned on sequentially. To limit the current at increased voltage, another additional resistor is used.

When working with BAP, there is often a need to analyze the state of “untreated” points or first find “excited” BAP. Thus, the points responsible for certain internal organs, when symptoms of a disease of this organ appear, have a reduced electrical resistance, and can be detected using a special search unit. This is caused by the need for primary diagnosis of BAP and is used in practice. For these purposes, the following device circuit was made (diagram 3) with a search unit on transistors, which gives an indication of the state of the point by the glow of the signal LED and by the sound signal. The signal triggering current is calibrated at a known “healthy” point, then a search is made for “excited” BAPs. In many cases, using reverse polarity search is effective. For this purpose, the device has a fixed polarity switch. Otherwise, the device circuit and operation are the same.

Such a device is already quite enough to effectively influence biologically active points, “treating” them.

The effect on BAP can be tonic and sedative. In Eastern reflexology (acupuncture), this is achieved by different types of needles and exposure times. In electropuncture, a tonic or sedative effect is achieved by using pulsed action. Research has revealed which frequencies and polarities of the influencing impulses and for what time produce this or that effect. Therefore, for efficient operation, a pulse generator was added to the device. To control the generator, a calibrated frequency switch and a pulse type switch are used.

And to make the device completely professional, an electropuncture diagnostic unit according to Riodorak has been added to it. This requires a 12 volt battery, a time delay circuit (3-4 sec) and a current meter up to 200 microamps.

The diagram of such a device is shown in Figure 4.

Having such a device, any attending physician practicing electropuncture will be able to diagnose and carry out the necessary treatment. Methods of data processing, analysis of the state of meridians, assignment of points of influence and modes, this is a separate and very large topic.

If computer technology is available, this can be done using software methods, which speeds up data processing. This is already a topic of great medicine and scientific dissertations.

DIY electroacupuncture device

Amateur electropuncture devices

The article is addressed mainly to medical radio amateurs (especially neurologists, neurophysiologists, reflexologists), as well as radio amateurs interested in biophysics issues. Those who are interested in the issues presented or who are already engaged in electropuncture professionally should make an effort to independently find theoretical and practical aids on this issue in the scientific literature. The issues discussed in the article are presented in a popular manner, although this does not mean that some provisions will be understood “at a glance” by people with a technical (engineering) education. You may have to be patient and have a couple of “biological” dictionaries/encyclopedias. In any case, the approaches of “techies”, such as “tighten the nut, the car moves, but if you don’t tighten it, it stops,” are not acceptable to biological systems. On the other hand, questions about the circuit design of devices will probably seem “poorly simple” to professionals, in fact, just like the description of the operation of the devices itself.

From the above, it is not difficult to guess that the author, taking his work seriously, must attend to the first commandment of a doctor - “do no harm!” So why then state something about this rather exotic type of therapy?

But, firstly, the work is for popularization and does not at all pretend to be a practical guide for beginners. Secondly. Pharmacies sell many medications (even without prescriptions) that are potent and effective for various diseases. But it’s unlikely that anyone will take them without consulting a doctor... It could be worse!

I. General provisions.

The specificity of electropuncture (EP) is not actually something beyond the scope of classical acupuncture (AP), but differs only in the degree of preparedness of the specialist in the field of AP. It is necessary to know the topography of biologically active points (BAP), for which there is an individual length segment called “tsun”, atlases of the topography of BAP on the skin of the human body, a system of meridians responsible for certain functional characteristics of the human body, etc. At the same time, there is still no single theory explaining the mechanism of action of acupuncture on the human body from the point of view of the achievements of modern biology.

EP devices usually have a “BAP Search” mode, which somewhat simplifies finding these points.

The practical application of BAP, taking into account the location, direction of action and innervation connections, distinguishes the following groups:

points of general action that have a reflex effect on the functional state of the central nervous system;
segmental points located in the area of skin metameres corresponding to the zone of innervation of certain segments of the spinal cord;
spinal points located along the vertebral and paravertebral lines, corresponding to the exit point of nerve roots and autonomic fibers that innervate certain organs and tissue systems;
regional points located in the area of projection onto the skin of certain internal organs;
local points, predominantly affecting the underlying tissues (muscles, blood vessels, ligaments, joints).

For those who do not have AP skills, finding points, even with a topographic atlas of BAP on human skin at hand, is a difficult question, because It is necessary in each specific case to use the individual proportions of a particular patient. Instrumental determination of the location of BAP also requires at least basic knowledge of acupuncture, namely the topography of BAP, otherwise the therapeutic effect will be questionable.

2. Features of electropuncture.

The effect of electric current on BAP is called electropuncture (EP). The search for BAP is carried out by reduced electrocutaneous resistance (ECR). It should be remembered that the electrocutaneous resistance in the BAP zone is less than in the surrounding area.

To avoid electrical or thermal breakdown of tissue in the BAP area, it is necessary to:

the voltage was not higher than 9 volts;
the current density was no more than 10 A/cm;
the stimulation intensity did not exceed 500 μA.

In the devices under consideration, these principles are fully observed.

Since the irritating effect of the current depends on the amplitude (current strength), voltage, pulse polarity and excitability threshold, the following recommendations should be followed:

impulses of negative polarity have a tonic effect;
impulses of positive polarity have a sedative effect;
in the case of using bipolar pulses, the effect will depend on the amplitude and duration of the pulse repetition period;
When performing an EP session, the selected current strength (amplitude) is not necessarily set; focus on the patient’s sensations (tingling, burning sensation), because Often an individual sensitivity threshold requires less current and vice versa.

3. Circuit design of amateur electropuncture devices.

The device is powered by a 9 V Krona battery, which makes the device absolutely safe.

positive DC pulses;
negative DC pulses;
bipolar pulses (+/-) direct current.

The pulse frequency is adjusted intermittently by switching the selected R4-R13 two-bar S3 to five positions (“Frequency”):

in 1 min. in 1 min. 5 – 0.8 per 1 min. 2 – 8 in 1 min. 4 – 1.2 in 1 min.

The frequency of unipolar pulses (+ or -) is two times less. The current strength is adjustable from 0 to 100 μA using R1 (“Patient Current”) (combined with the device switch S4).

“Search” - the search for BAP is carried out using a reduced ECS;
“Bipolar stimulation” (+/-);
“Stimulation is monopolar” (either + or -).

4. Basic principles of working with electropuncture devices.

Using the example of the last diagram (Fig. 2), we will consider the basic principles of working with the device for searching and stimulating BAP.

After connecting the battery, the “Operating mode” switch knob is set to the “Search” position, and the polarity switch to the “Positive pulse” position.

The device is turned on using the “Patient Current” knob. For ease of visual control, the “patient current” is set within the middle part of the microammeter scale (30 - 50 μA).

The negative (passive) electrode is connected (attached) to the inner surface of the wrist joint, shin, etc. through a damp gauze pad.

The positive (active) electrode searches for BAP in the topographic location of its possible location. If the BAP is found, the LED lights up and the arrow of the electrical measuring instrument deviates to the right.

Instrumental search for BAP requires certain skills: pacemaker depends on the force of pressing the active electrode on the skin, optimizing the contact of the passive electrode with the skin through a wet pad, etc.

The found BAP is marked on the skin with a felt-tip pen and, leaving the active electrode at this point, the “Operation mode” switch is turned to the “Stimul.bipolar” position. (or “Stimul.monopolar.”).

In the “Stimulus.monopolar” position The polarity of the pulses is selected by switch S1 “+” or “-“. The same switch switches the measurement of the patient's current strength to the positive or negative part of the pulse in the "Bipolar" operating mode.

When working in the “Unipolar” mode, you should not change the positions of the active and passive electrodes (+ and -), because this switching occurs automatically when a certain operating mode (type of stimulation) is selected.

The modern element base allows the use of generators based on operational amplifiers in the circuits of devices for carrying out electronic signalling. At one time, experiments were carried out with the K140UD1B OU. The principle of constructing such circuits is clear from Fig. 3. The scheme provides not only for stimulation of BAP with direct current pulses of different polarity (or bipolar), but also reflects the desire to bring their shape closer to the so-called “action potentials”. This is achieved by introducing capacitors in series with each output. The display unit is assembled on transistor T1 and LED1. It is convenient to control the pulse shape (as well as the frequency and amplitude of the output) using an oscilloscope when setting up and operating the device. The values of some circuit elements are selected experimentally.

Electroacupuncture stimulator with ohmmeter

Electroacopuncture is a modern version of classical acupuncture, in which the so-called active points on the skin of the human body are excited by electrical impulses. Electroacopuncture does not use needles and therefore this method is most suitable for those patients who are afraid of infection during acupuncture, as well as for those who want to do electroacopuncture on their own.

To search for active points, together with the stimulator I used an electronic LED ohmmeter. The ohmmeter measurement limit is G MOhm. As numerous measurements have shown, the skin resistance at active points is approximately 1 MOhm. The electrical circuit diagram of the stimulator is shown in Fig. 1. The stimulator is made on four inverters and a transistor switch VT1. The first two inverters form an asymmetrical multivibrator, the output of which is connected to another pair of inverters connected in parallel as an invertible buffer. With the help of capacitor C2 and diode VD3, pulses are formed with an amplitude almost equal to twice the supply voltage. In practice, the stimulator can be used when the supply voltage is reduced to 5 V, but at the same time reduced accordingly. The amplitude of the output pulses also varies. The ohmmeter is made on two transistors VT2 and VT3, forming a direct current amplifier (DCA) with a high input impedance. Resistors R6 and R7 limit the base current of the transistors, eliminating their saturation mode. Capacitor C4 creates a negative feedback circuit for alternating current. Resistor R8 determines the upper limit of measurement. The device is powered by a Krona battery. The circuit board diagram is shown in Fig. 2

The device is mounted in a small plastic case, which contains a stimulator circuit with an ohmmeter and a probe connected to the case with a four-wire cord from the handset. The probe contains two electrodes: active and passive, as well as a push-button switch for the type of work. The active electrode is made in the form of a pointed rod with a radius of curvature at the end of 0.3-0.4 mm. The passive electrode must be in the form of a rod or plate. Both probes are made of stainless metal and then polished. To use the stimulator, you need to pinch the passive electrode with the fingers of your left hand. With the tip of the active electrode we touch the place where the active point is supposed to be located, which should be slightly moistened beforehand. When this point is found correctly, the LED on the device lights up. Then, by pressing the button located on the probe, we switch the device to stimulation mode. To do this, use a potentiometer to increase the amplitude of the pulses according to your sensations. Typically, the most preferred mode is one in which a slight tingling sensation is felt. This point is stimulated for 15 - 20 seconds. It is undesirable to stimulate many points in one session, as well as points located on the head. The probe uses a KM2-1 switch, consisting of two microswitches. The passive electrode is connected to the probe using a miniature connector used in transistor receivers to connect telephones.

1.E.Savitsky. "Instead of an arrow there is an LED." "Modelist-Constructor", 1982, 10

2. M. Tsakov. "Electropuncture stimulator", "Radio, television, electronics", 1990, 3

A. Borodai
Radio 2, 1998

The diagram of one of the stimulators is shown in Fig. 1. Its main parts are a 564 or K176 series microcircuit, an HL1 LED indicator and a VT1 transistor, on which a matching (buffer) stage is made. In addition, the stimulator is equipped with probes X1 and X2, of which X1 is considered active - it is moved around the body and the desired point is found, and X2 is passive, attached, for example, to the hand.

Elements DD1.1, DD1.4 contain a biologically active point detector (BAP), and elements DD1.2, DD1.3 contain a stimulating pulse generator. When probe X1 hits an active point, the resistance of the human body in this place drops sharply, as a result of which almost a logical level of 0 appears at the input of element DD1.1, and therefore at the output of DD1.4. The lit LED HL1 informs about the found point.

At the same time, the logical level 1 that appears at the output of element DD1.1 allows the generator to operate. The pulses it generates pass through a matching cascade and arrive at the active probe X1, and through it to the patient’s body. Diode VD1 prevents the passage of pulses to the input of element DD1.1 and at the same time, during pauses between pulses, allows you to maintain the BAP search mode. Thus, there is no need for a button, typical for such stimulators, which switches the probes from the point search mode to the stimulation mode.

Variable resistor R1 sets the threshold for automatic operation individually for each patient, resistors R4 and R5 set the repetition rate and duration of stimulating pulses, and resistor R9 sets their amplitude. The device parts can be placed in a small metal case, which also serves as a passive probe. To make an active probe, a used ballpoint pen is suitable, a wire is soldered to the writing unit of which, and a medicinal product is poured into the body if necessary - then the stimulation procedure will be combined with electrophoresis (a therapeutic method of influencing the body with direct current and medicinal substances administered with its help through the skin or mucous membranes).

If, in addition to light, a sound indication of the search for BAP is also needed, the stimulator should be modified, as shown in Fig. 2. The cascade on transistor VT2 together with the cascade on element DD1.4 form an AF generator, the signal of which is converted into sound by the piezoelectric emitter BF1.

It should be noted that in the stimulator pulse generator, when adjusting the frequency, the duration of the pulses changes slightly, and when adjusting the duration, the frequency changes slightly.

In Fig. Figure 3 shows another diagram of a stimulator in which the pulse generator is designed differently, which made it possible to avoid the mutual influence of the frequency and duration of the pulses. In addition, the generator using elements DD1.1 - DD1.3 is powered from element DD2.1.

The generator of light and sound signals, made on elements DD2.3, DD2.4, is modulated by the signal of the stimulating pulse generator - this allows you to visually and auditorily control the frequency of stimulating pulses. With the element values indicated on the stimulator circuits, the pulse frequency can be changed with a variable resistor from 10 to 150 Hz, and the duration - from 0.5 to 5 ms.

Attention! You can use devices of this type only after consulting a doctor!

For drug-free correction of the body's condition, methods of stimulating biologically active points (BAP) are widely used. or points Difficulties in using these methods arise due to the difficulty of finding BAP on the human body, since the area of BAP does not exceed 1 mm2. By controlling the resistance of skin areas in the places where BAP are supposed to be located with the proposed device, you can find them easily and unambiguously. The device is housed in a metal case measuring 96x38x39 mm. The housing contains the electrical circuit, power supply and switch. An insulator of the active search electrode is fixed on one end side of the housing, and indication LEDs are mounted on the other side. The passive electrode is a metal case, which is held in the hand when searching for BAP. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the device. An active search electrode is connected to the inverting input of comparator DA1. Resistor R1 determines the input resistance of the device, capacitor C1 serves to filter interference, resistor R2 restrains the current of the indicator LEDs HL1...HL3. Amateur radio converter circuits Variable resistor R4 regulates the voltage supplied to the human body (through the fingers holding the device body). Resistors R3 and R5 limit the limits of voltage change. The voltage between the search and passive electrodes is no more than 5 V, the current is no more than 0.5 μA. Current consumption in standby mode is 1 mA. and if the LEDs are lit - 5...bmA. The device is made on a printed circuit board, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 2. It contains all the parts except the LEDs and the battery. The board is designed to use a variable resistor SPZ-9a; it is installed on the board on an L-shaped bracket. You can glue a scale (for example, 10 divisions) near the resistor handle....

For the "Electronic hydraulic level" circuit

When carrying out construction work, it is often necessary to accurately determine the parallelism of a horizontal surface relative to the ground. Some power tools (drills, hammer drills, etc.) have a small “level” built into the body (a glass flask filled with liquid with a bubble inside). The position of this bubble is used to determine the angle of inclination of the device relative to the horizontal surface. Such devices are called “gyros”. They are quite common in many areas of production, construction, etc. There are also gyroscopes - converters of tilt and angular velocity into an electrical signal. gyroscopes of the brands "ENC-03J" and "ENC-03M" have appeared on sale quite recently. They serve as state change sensors in video cameras and “cool” cameras to compensate for hand shake when shooting, as well as to detect their own movement. Radomcrophone circuits The electronic gyroscope has a high response speed (minimum inertia), low supply voltage (2.7..5.5 V depending on the model) and low current consumption (usually 5.15 mA). Characteristic linearity - ±5%, operating temperature range -5...+75°C. Unlike its mechanical counterpart, it is compact and lightweight (dimensions - 15x8x4 mm), weight (depending on the model) - 1.. 20 g. It does not contain fragile materials, and has a shock- and vibration-resistant body. Moreover, gyroscopes are produced in a CHIP version. which allows their use in miniature devices. Based on such an electronic sensor device, it is possible to create a simple “horizontal” control device. The sensor is a piezoceramic gyroscope “ENC-03J” (Fig. 1) manufactured by the company “Murala”. I purchased it from a radio component store...

For the diagram "DEVICE FOR TREATMENT WITH MAGNETIC FIELD"

Consumer electronics DEVICE FOR MAGNETIC FIELD TREATMENT. STAKHOV, 230023, Grodno, Lenin St., 8 - 13, tel. 47-01-66. Experiments with magnetic field treatment are now becoming relevant. Previously, wearing magnetic bracelets was recommended for this purpose. Although the results of their use are still controversial, many people constantly use them. Recently, small-sized electronic devices that can be worn in the same way as magnetic bracelets, but affecting the body with an alternating field of certain frequencies. These easy-to-use devices are used as an analgesic for headaches and migraines, as a stimulant for neurosis and fatigue, as well as for relieving rheumatic pain and etc. The frequency of the magnetic field is selected individually using the appropriate switches. Typically, lower frequencies are used to relieve rheumatic pain, and higher frequencies are used to relieve headaches. The minimum time for a daily session is 15 minutes. Miniature design devices makes it possible to attach it with a belt to an arm, leg or other parts of the body. The proposed option for magnetic field treatment (Fig. 1) contains one microcircuit - the KR1006VI1 timer. The timer is used to generate pulse signals of the required frequencies. Supply voltage Up=5...16 V, instability of the repetition period of the generated pulse signals from the supply voltage is 0.01% [I]. The timer is made using bipolar technology, and its powerful output stage provides a current Iout = 200 mA. Fig. 1 The operation of the circuit (Fig. 1) can be explained as follows. In the initial state, capacitor C2 is discharged. It is charged through resistors R1, R2, R3. Voltage across condensate...

For the "CODE LOCK" scheme

Consumer electronics CODE LOCK. CHURUKSAEV, Kachkanar, Sverdlovsk region. The proposed version of the electronic combination lock differs from similar three-button locks in its simplicity and increased secrecy. Recording a code after typing it is done not by pressing the corresponding button once, but by pressing the corresponding button multiple times, and this is different for different codes. The combination lock diagram is shown in Fig. 1. It includes buttons: SB1 - code entry, SB2 - code entry, SB3 - reset, and on elements R1, R2, C1, DD1.1, DD1.2 and R3. R4, C2. DD1.3. DD1.4 assembled circuits to suppress contact bounce. The DD3 counter has an encoding device - the code is set by appropriate switching of the DD3 counter outputs; outputs not involved in the code through diodes VD2...VD5 with the help of elements DD2.3, DD2.4, VD6 form a “reset” signal, which is supplied to the R inputs of counters DD4, DD5 in the event of an incorrect code entry. Elements DD2.1, DD2.2 are intended for writing code to counters OD4, DD5. Diodes VD7, VD8 generate a “Reset” signal at the R inputs of counters DD4, DD5 in case of incorrect code entry. K174KN2 microcircuit Elements DD6.1. R8, R9, C4, DD6.2, VD9 form a “reset” signal delayed by 4 s. A delay is necessary for the actuator to operate. Elements DD6.3, DD6.4 open transistor VT1 when the code is correctly dialed and entered. Relay contacts K1 switch the actuator. The power supply, consisting of VD12, R11, VD11, C5 (without a mains transformer with a quenching resistor), is built according to a traditional scheme. Puc.1 The combination lock works as follows. First, you need to briefly press the SB3 button, while a high level appears at the R inputs of counters DD3, DD4, DD5 - and the counters are reset. Then, by pressing the SB2 button, the code is entered according to the switching of the outputs of the counter DD3. In this case, the SB2 button must be pressed twice so that a high level appears at pin 4 of the DD3 counter, and low levels should appear at the other outputs. Now with the SB1 button you need to do...

For the circuit "THYRISTOR TEMPERATURE REGULATOR"

Household Electronics THYRISTOR THERMOREGULATOR The thermostat, the diagram of which is shown in the figure, is designed to maintain a constant temperature of indoor air, water in an aquarium, etc. A heater with a power of up to 500 W can be connected to it. The thermostat consists of a threshold devices(on transistor T1 and T1). electronic relay (on transistor TZ and thyristor D10) and power supply. The temperature sensor is the thermistor R5, which is included in the problem of supplying voltage to the base of the transistor T1 of the threshold device. If the environment has the required temperature, the threshold transistor T1 is closed and T1 is open. Transistor TZ and thyristor D10 of the electronic relay are closed in this case and the mains voltage is not supplied to the heater. As the temperature of the environment decreases, the resistance of the thermistor increases, as a result of which the voltage at the base of transistor T1 increases. Triac thermostat circuit When it reaches the device’s operating threshold, transistor T1 will open and T2 will close. This will cause transistor T3 to turn on. The voltage that appears across resistor R9 is applied between the cathode and the control electrode of thyristor D10 and will be enough to open it. The mains voltage will be supplied to the heater through the thyristor and diodes D6-D9. When the ambient temperature reaches the required value, the thermostat will turn off the voltage from the heater. Variable resistor R11 is used to set the limits of the maintained temperature. The thermostat uses an MMT-4 thermistor. Transformer Tr1 is made on a Ш12Х25 core. Winding I contains 8000 turns of wire PEV-1 0.1, and winding II contains 170 turns of wire PEV-1 0.4. A. STOYANOV Zagorsk...

For the circuit "Desulfating charger circuit"

Automotive electronicsDesulfating charger circuitDesulfating charger circuit devices proposed by Samundzhi and L. Simeonov. The charger is made using a half-wave rectifier circuit based on diode VI with parametric voltage stabilization (V2) and a current amplifier (V3, V4). The H1 signal light lights up when the transformer is connected to the network. The average charging current of approximately 1.8 A is regulated by selecting resistor R3. The discharge current is set by resistor R1. The voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer is 21 V (amplitude value 28 V). The voltage on the battery at the rated charging current is 14 V. Therefore, the charging current of the battery occurs only when the amplitude of the output voltage of the current amplifier exceeds the battery voltage. During one period of alternating voltage, one pulse of charging current is formed during time Ti. Power regulator on ts122 25 The battery discharges during the time Tz = 2Ti. Therefore, the ammeter shows the average importance of the charging current, equal to approximately one third of the amplitude value of the total charging and discharging currents. You can use the TS-200 transformer from the TV in the charger. The secondary windings are removed from both coils of the transformer and a new winding consisting of 74 turns (37 turns on each coil) is wound with PEV-2 1.5 mm wire. Transistor V4 is mounted on a radiator with an effective surface area of approximately 200 cm2. Details: Type VI diodes D242A. D243A, D245A. D305, V2 one or two zener diodes D814A connected in series, V5 type D226: transistors V3 type KT803A, V4 type KT803A or KT808A. When setting up the charger, you should select the voltage...

For the "Protective device" circuit

The proposed protective device automatically turns off the electric motor when switching from load mode to idle mode. This is especially useful for electric pumps if the well or borehole has a limited supply of water. The protective circuit is shown in the figure. The device works as follows. When the SB2 button is pressed, the thyristors VS1 and VS2 turn on the electric motor M1. In this case, the voltage on resistor R2 is rectified by the bridge VD5...VD8 and supplied to the thyristor optocoupler U1, which blocks the SB2 button. If the load on the electric motor decreases (the current consumption decreases accordingly), the voltage on resistor R2 also decreases and becomes insufficient to turn on the thyristor optocoupler U1, thyristors VS1 and VS2 turn off the electric motor. When setting up, you may need to select resistor R3. Thyristors VS1 and VS2 are installed on radiators. Resistor R2 is wirewound. V.F. Yakovlev, Shostka, Sumy region. ...

For the circuit "OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE"

Consumer electronics SURGE VOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE A.PAKALO, 340074, Ukraine, Donetsk-74, st. Volgo-Donkaya, 7 "g" - 5, tel. 22-26-93. I offer a simple device that, in the event of a power failure, will protect a TV, VCR, refrigerator, etc. from overvoltage. As a rule, in the event of an accident, a voltage of 380 V (rms value) is present in the network, which brings all sorts of troubles. In such a situation, the surge protector trips, creating a short circuit. “Knocked out” plugs (fusible or automatic) stop the supply of electricity to the apartment. The diagram is shown in the figure. The protection response voltage is approximately equal to 255 V. In reality, the response voltage is slightly higher due to the presence of resistor R1 in the threshold circuit. This resistor can be used to change the response voltage within certain limits. In the author’s version, Ucp = 270 V. Capacitors C1 and C2 form an RC circuit with R1, which prevents operation devices during pulse surges in the network, the circuit works as follows. T160 current regulator circuit When the network voltage is up to 270 V, the zener diodes VD3, VD4 are closed. Thyristors VS1, VS2 are also closed. When the current voltage value exceeds 270 V, the zener diodes VD3, VD4 open, and the opening voltage is supplied to the control electrodes of the thyristors VS1, VS2. Depending on the polarity of the mains voltage sub-period, the current passes either through the thyristor VS1 or through VS2. When the current exceeds 10 A, circuit breakers (plugs) are triggered, protecting electrical appliances from burning out. There is no need to configure the device. Without capacitors C1 and C2, the response time does not exceed one half-cycle of the mains voltage, but false triggering is possible. Since capacitors C1 and C2 reduce the performance of the device...

For the circuit "Home network surge protector"

Due to the instability of the electrical network (especially in rural areas) and overvoltage, household appliances may fail: light bulbs, various heating devices, electric motors of refrigerators and other appliances, radio equipment, etc. I offer an automatic device that monitors the state of the electrical network and automatically disconnects and switches off the load. The load will be switched on only when the electrical network is in normal condition. The threshold circuit is powered from the network through quenching resistors R3, R4 and diodes VD1...VD4. Zener diode VD8 serves to stabilize the supply voltage of the circuit. The changing mains voltage is supplied through the diode bridge VD1...VD4 to the divider R1, R2. From the resistor R2 slider, which sets the device’s response voltage, the control voltage is supplied through the diode VD5 to the base of the transistor VT1. Block diagram of the 251 1HT microcircuit Zener diode VD6 is used to protect the transistor from high voltages. When the network voltage is higher than normal, the voltage at the base of the transistor increases, it opens and turns on relay K1. Contacts K1.1 close, relay K2 is activated and switches off the load with contacts K2.1. After the voltage in the electrical network is restored, relay K1 is de-energized and turns off relay K2, which turns on the load with contacts K2.1. LEDs VD10, VD12 are used to indicate the status of the device. Relay K2 - any with a winding operating voltage of 220 V, K1 - also any from the RES-9 series. Setting up devices comes down to setting the trigger voltage of the machine with resistor R2.N. Basenkov, Dobrush...

For the "INPUT FREQUENCY DIVIDER" circuit

Measuring equipmentINPUT FREQUENCY DIVIDER The preliminary frequency divider on the ESL KS193IE2 microcircuit allows you to significantly expand the scope of relatively low-frequency frequency meters assembled on conventional TTL microcircuits. The proposed divider, which is based on the operation of the above-mentioned microcircuit, divides the frequency of the input signal by 100. Schematic diagram devices shown in the figure. A two-way diode limiter is switched on at its input, protecting transistor VT1 from overload when applied to the input devices large signals. The cascade on the DD1 chip acts as a divider into 10. Transistor VT2 is used to assemble a device for matching the signal levels of the output of the ESL microcircuit with the input of the TTL microcircuit DD2, which also acts as a divider into 10. As a result, the total division factor of all devices is 100. The frequency obtained at the output can be measured with a frequency meter with a measurement limit of 5 MHz. A simple current regulator. Ordinary universal frequency meters are suitable for this. The KS193IE2 integrated circuit operates normally at a supply voltage of 5 V ±5 percent(s). The minimum input signal frequency is 10 MHz (although 5 MHz is acceptable), the maximum is up to 500 MHz. Achieving maximum capabilities devices frequency depends to a large extent on the choice of DD2 microcircuit. So, when using a serial counter of type 7490, stable operation devices remains up to 210 MHz; when using an LS series microcircuit (74LS90), the boundary line of the input signal frequency can be increased to 290 MHz. A device assembled from serviceable elements does not require adjustment. To obtain good results at such a high input signal frequency, volumetric resistors and ceramic capacitors Installation