The Panchenkov nozzle is a metal corrugated mesh rolled into a roll. It is used in distillers and distillation columns to increase the degree of purification. Makes it possible to obtain a pure product by filtering alcohol vapors from fusel oils and various impurities.

Types of Panchenkov nozzles:

Copper differs from stainless steel in that it has a neutralizing effect on sulfur compounds that are formed during fermentation. Thus, the Panchenkov copper nozzle is more effective in use.
Copper nozzles are used for premium equipment. They are more expensive and require constant maintenance. They need to be washed after each use.

Universal "classic". For distillation of any mash. Unlike copper, it is easy to maintain, does not oxidize and is easier to clean.

Characteristics:

• Material: Stainless steel or copper.
• Width: 10 cm.
• Length: 1 m.

Working principle of Regular Wire Nozzle.

After heating in the cube of the apparatus, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (tsarg), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving off some of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the drawer in the form of phlegm (liquid), and the alcohol vapor, purified from some of the harmful impurities, continues to move further to the cooler.

Thus, the on-load tap-changer in conjunction with a reflux condenser helps to increase the strength and obtain a higher quality and purified product at the output.

In using the Panchenkov nozzle there are pros and cons.

Minus:

• A significant reduction in throughput in the drawer, thereby slowing down the entire process.

Plus:

• Using the nozzle, you will get a cleaner drink.
• If the quality of the resulting product is more important than the speed of distillation, then we recommend using a nozzle.

Advantages of the nozzle

1. After distillation you will get a purer product.
2. Increases the strength of moonshine.
3. The time for cleaning moonshine is reduced. The process occurs simultaneously with distillation.
4. The attachment is easy to install and use.
5. Durable.

When the mash is heated in a tank for distilling raw materials, vapors with a high alcohol content rise through the drawer (pipe). This steam condenses not only on the walls of the pipe, but also on the Panchenkov nozzle, giving it some of the heat. In this case, impurities and fusel oils, which have a high boiling point, do not pass further and flow down the pipe back into the tank. The alcohol vapor that passed through the nozzle continues to flow to the cooler.

This attachment has significant pros and cons, and it’s up to you to decide whether to use it or not. The downside is the fact that the nozzle during distillation significantly reduces the throughput in the drawer, thereby slowing down the entire process. A clear advantage of using such an attachment will be cleaner moonshine. If the quality of the product is more important to you than the speed of distillation of raw materials, then we advise you to purchase it.

Read our other articles on how to clean moonshine from impurities:

How to clean moonshine with potassium permanganate -

How to use a steamer to clean moonshine -

The Panchenkov nozzle is a rolled corrugated metal mesh knitted using the “knitting stitch” method in four folds. Designed for mass transfer devices to perform the function of reducing hydraulic resistance.

Advantages of the nozzle:

— Easy to install allows you to achieve significant results in cleaning moonshine.
— Reducing the purification time of moonshine. The process occurs along with the distillation of mash.
— This nozzle is easy to use and durable.

Disadvantages: The Panchenkov nozzle can be effectively used only in household moonshine stills, since with a drawer diameter of more than 30 cm its effectiveness decreases.

What material is the nozzle made of?

The material for the Panchenkov nozzle is based on stainless steel. This option will be the most economical. You can also find copper fittings. The price will be a little more expensive.

Analogs

Regular dishwashing metal sponges. Ideal budget option. Can be found at any hardware store. The sponge attachment has high anti-corrosion properties.

Copper wire wrapped in a spiral. Easy to do yourself. Watch the video below.

How to make a pipe nozzle yourself - video

How to install and clean the Panchenkov nozzle

When installing a nozzle into a pipe, the main thing is not to overdo it. If the nozzle is pressed too tightly into the pipe, the steam will not be able to pass through it and an explosion may occur. It is usually sold in strips 5-10 cm wide and 40-100 cm long.

There are two ways to install the nozzle into the pipe:

1- Take the nozzle, fold it in half and twist it into a tube. Then place it in the drawer, turning it slightly for easier installation.
2- Take the attachment and simply roll from start to finish. This method will have a more dense structure at the nozzle, although no significant difference has been found in practical application.

The Panchenkov copper nozzle needs to be cleaned after each use. Do not use strong chemicals when cleaning. This may have a negative impact on the quality of the moonshine. Conversely, a stainless steel nozzle can be washed only if mash gets on it.

Copper nozzle cleaning technology:
1- Boil the nozzle for 5-10 minutes
2- Add citric acid 10 g and mix
3- Boil for another 5-10 minutes
4- Drain everything and rinse the nozzle under running water

Many people like to drink alcoholic drinks, and some like to make their own. This is not just a way to save money, but an exciting creative process that brings pleasure to many men.

However, distillation is a rather complex process and requires special knowledge and equipment. In order for the moonshine to be safe for health and of high quality, it is necessary to get rid of harmful impurities in the mash. This can be done using several devices.

The Panchenkov nozzle is one of them. With its help, unnecessary impurities are eliminated during the distillation process. In this case, the result is moonshine without odor, fusel oils and without losing strength.

The article will help you understand the advantages, disadvantages, operating principles and features of the preparation and installation of the Panchenkov nozzle.

Device Description

Before considering the features of the operation of the Panchenkov mesh nozzle, it is necessary to briefly describe the procedure for purifying moonshine from impurities - rectification.

This procedure is a repeated distillation of raw alcohol, as a result of which all unnecessary impurities are removed from it, for example, wood alcohol, the use of which can be harmful to humans.

• To purify raw alcohol, it should be poured into the cavity of the distillation cube.
• Next, the container should be placed on a heat source, for example, a gas stove burner, and brought to a certain temperature.
• When a certain temperature is reached, the liquid turns into steam, which circulates through the distillation column and then enters the reflux condenser cavity.
• The condensate then flows down the walls of the distillation column and reflux condenser.
• The column cavity itself is equipped with a Panchenkov mesh, which is combined with stainless steel shavings in distillation units.

It is this feature of the moonshine still that allows you to clean the moonshine, without compromising its strength.

The nozzle, called the Panchenkov grid, was developed by Tupolev OJSC, and the invention was patented. This wire mesh was first intended for high-quality purification of petroleum raw materials for the purpose of its further use as fuel for aircraft.

The mesh itself was made of copper, since this metal absorbs sulfur efficiently and the sulfur does not return back to the purified product. Copper also increases the rate of heating and cooling of the mesh.

Today Panchenkov meshes are actively used in light industry. They are also equipped with premium moonshine stills.

The mesh looks like a rolled copper wire with a special weave, which allows you to conveniently place the device inside the device. The grid parameters can be adjusted independently. It is also easy to clean after use.

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Principle of operation

After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (tsar), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving off some of the heat to the wire.

As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the drawer in the form of phlegm (liquid), and alcohol vapors, purified from some of the harmful impurities, continue to move to the cooler, where they condense and enter the receiving container in the form of moonshine .

During distillation, the Panchenkov nozzle reduces the speed of steam flow in the drawer, slowing down the entire process. Compared to a conventional moonshine still, it takes more time to distill the same amount of mash, but the resulting moonshine is cleaner.

In the case of rectification, the on-load tap-changer performs the same function as any other plate or nozzle, providing a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process.

samo-var.kz

reference Information

Adjustable wire nozzle, on-load tap-changer - a scientific development of JSC Tupolev, confirmed by a patent for the invention. It was originally developed to increase the efficiency of refining petroleum feedstocks for subsequent use as aircraft fuel.

1. Copper was used for manufacturing, intended to improve the absorption of sulfur and prevent it from entering the already purified product.
2. Due to its physical properties, copper acts as a catalyst for the operation of the device, increasing the rate of heating and cooling and reducing the gap between these processes.
3. Today, on-load tap-changers are used not only in the flight industry, but also in the production of alcohol-containing products. In everyday life, it is used to make premium moonshine stills, like Grinalko and others.
4. Structurally, it is a coiled copper wire with a special weave, which is convenient to insert into a column. The size, density and length are easy to adjust yourself, and it is also easy to pull it out and clean it of absorption products.

Practical use

The use of an improving nozzle can be considered in such a unit as the Favorit moonshine still. It has a reflux condenser column, which is connected to a wave adapter with a flow-type cooler. The column also contains a pre-cooler, which can be switched off.

The package includes a Panchenkov nozzle. The installed hinged structure is collapsible and can also be modified if necessary. This requires the purchase of additional items.

Novice moonshiners claim that the Panchenkov nozzle significantly reduces the flow rate. This is true, but in the end a pure product is obtained faster and of better quality, since batch distillation or rectification is not required.

Although there is a slight decrease in output, this is compensated by a cleaner product in the exclusive Favorit moonshine still and other similar units. In cases where a regular Panchenkov nozzle (RPN) is used, the design of the apparatus can be reduced without reducing the quality of the finished product.

This solution is beneficial for small-sized products, where external dimensions play an important role. Since a superstructure of a meter or more in height will look excessively bulky even in a large kitchen.

A moonshine still using an attachment retains the basic operating principle the same as with the classic layout.

• The only difference is the lengthening of the passage of vapors in the cavity.
• Passing through a pipe with a filler (nozzle), alcohol vapors containing impurities have the opportunity to come into contact with a larger metal surface than when passing through an empty pipe.
• Giving off heat, fusel oils cool, condensing and returning to the cavity of the mash.
• At the same time, the alcohol continues to move further towards the outlet pipe.
• Particles of phlegm can be picked up again and moved to the upper layers of the container, where they once again pass through the on-load tap-changer nozzle and return again.

This way it is possible to prevent unwanted liquids from getting into the finished alcohol or moonshine.

The pipe, like its filler, does not drop in temperature to the level of condensation of alcohol vapor, which ensures their passage into the refrigerator. The role of the nozzle is as a condensation filter for household moonshine stills. It was first used for large industrial units involved in the distillation of oil, alcohol, gas, etc.

estateline.ru

Product benefits

The main positive qualities that the Panchenkov nozzle has are as follows:

1. with a simple design, it is possible to achieve maximum cleaning results;
2. the cleaning time with the nozzle is significantly reduced, since the process runs in parallel with the production of alcohol;
3. it can be placed/taken out inside the drawer in a rolled form;
4. can be adjusted according to the degree of filling in the pipe, creating a flow of the required power;
5. The material is stainless steel, which can be used for many years;
6. If necessary, it can be purchased separately to the one included in the kit.

portaltepla.ru

Disadvantages of use

Many distillers do not want to use this additional filter.

And although the principle of operation of the Panchenkov nozzle allows you to remove harmful impurities from the drink, because of it, the flow rate in the moonshine still is noticeably reduced. However, the majority uses it because they are ready to sacrifice distillation time, ultimately obtaining higher quality and purified alcohol.

Actually, the increase in distillation time is the only drawback that can hardly be called serious.

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Features of the Panchenkov nozzle

Efficiency

A regular wire nozzle is used to increase the degree of purification and allows you to obtain purer moonshine and alcohol by filtering vapors from fusel oils and various impurities.

semenovo.ru

Functionality

It copes well with its main task, namely, it creates an extensive surface for heat and mass transfer between steam and reflux during the rectification process.

Convenience

It is convenient to use in almost every moonshine still, which has the ability to place a rolled-up nozzle inside the column of the apparatus.

Ease

The amount of filling of the nozzle in the barrel of the moonshine still can be adjusted independently. The nozzle is easy to remove from the moonshine still for cleaning. An ideal filler for a small distillation column.

panchenkov.ru

Main characteristics of the Panchenkov nozzle

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What can be achieved using the device

• when passing through it, alcohol-containing mixtures are perfectly separated into separate fractions;
• it increases the strength of moonshine;
• it is easy to maintain at home;
• durability, low cost and availability.

However, it must be taken into account that a regular wire nozzle works effectively with a pipe length of at least 35 cm, therefore, it can only be used in household devices of low and medium power.

What’s most interesting is that the Panchenkov mesh nozzle was developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in 1981. This product was intended to increase the degree of purification of petroleum feedstock in the production of aviation fuel.

In real conditions, Panchenkov's on-load tap-changer began to be used in home distillers with a drawer and in household distillation columns. Panchenkov's RPN is the second in terms of cleaning level (after Selivanenko's SPN) and the easiest to use nozzle.

Briefly about how it works. After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe, where they come into contact not only with the walls of the pipe, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving off some of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the drawer in the form of phlegm (liquid), and pure alcohol vapor continues to move to the cooler, where it condenses into the final product.

The Panchenkov nozzle reduces the speed of steam flow in the drawer, slowing down the distillation process. The distillation time compared to conventional devices with steamers and bubblers increases significantly, but the resulting moonshine is cleaner.

The main wire materials for distillation columns are stainless steel and copper. But copper attachments are more expensive and require constant care - washing after each use.

Making your own Panchenkov on-load tap-changer is virtually impossible, due to the complexity of the weaving and the tolerances and standards that are used at the factory.

samogon-shop24.ru

Preparing a moonshine still and Panchenkov nozzles

1. For greater practicality, we combine the 2 processes and boil the Panchenkov nozzle directly in the tank. To do this, pour 4-5 liters of water into the distillation cube, pour 1 sachet of citric acid into it and throw the nozzles inside.
2. We assemble the device, connect the cooling hoses and start heating. Heating can be carried out at maximum speed, in this case this does not play a special role.
3. After the first drops of water start to flow, turn down the heat slightly and boil in this state for another 15 minutes. Then turn off the heat, remove the nozzles from the cube and wait for the device to cool down.
4. We rinse the boiled nozzle again with clean water, and if no defects were found in the apparatus during the first distillation, insert the nozzle into the column and proceed to the first distillation of the mash.

And some more useful tips for novice moonshiners. To avoid troubles when working with the device, we recommend that you read them carefully:

• Try not to leave the device unattended, especially at first;
• Carefully monitor the amount of mash in the cube; if it has completely boiled away, heating the cube must be stopped immediately
• It is very important to constantly ensure that the right amount of water flows into the refrigerator for cooling.
• When distilling on stoves with an open fire, be careful, as strong moonshine tends to burn
• After each distillation, rinse the distiller with warm water.

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How to install and clean the Panchenkov nozzle

The regular Panchenkov nozzle (RPN) made of copper has the most optimal price-quality ratio.

First of all, it is copper. Copper, as it was found, binds sulfur compounds on its surface, which allows you to get a drink that is much more tasty and aromatic, free of hydrogen sulfide odors.

1. Due to weaving in a special way in the form of a stocking, folded in half, from four copper wires with a diameter of 0.15 mm and giving a special relief, the Panchenkova on-load tap-changer has a large surface.
2. The larger the surface, the more efficient the heat and mass transfer process in the column.
3. The excellent thermal conductivity of copper (only better than silver) also makes this process more efficient.

First of all, decide on the length.

It depends on the inner diameter of the column frame. The approximate length of the Panchenkov on-load tap-changer is given below:

• Ø30mm - 15cm
• Ø38mm - 30cm
• Ø51mm - 50cm
• Ø60mm - 100cm
• Ø74mm - 200cm

After cutting off the RPN, roll it up and form a wad, sometimes called a roll or bar. You need to wrap it quite tightly. But with a small drawer diameter (up to 38mm), you shouldn’t overdo it, because... the likelihood of column flooding may increase. At the same time, wads for drawers with a large diameter should be wound more tightly so that they do not fall out of the drawer.

Rolling methods

There are three ways to roll a wad. There is no fundamental difference between them.

Method 1. You can completely roll it into a spiral. In this case, it will turn out more dense. Pay special attention to the beginning of winding so that a through hole does not form along the axis of the wad.

Method 2. Quite often the on-load tap changer is folded like this. Bend approximately one third of the length of the on-load tap-changer and fold it with the remaining part. Then roll it into a “bar”, starting from the point of inflection. The photo shows the process of wad formation.

Bend approximately one third of the length of the on-load tap-changer and fold it with the remaining part. Then, from the bend side, we roll the on-load tap-changer into a “bar”.

Method 3. Often the wad is formed as shown in the photo above, but the on-load tap-changer is first folded in half.

The width of the on-load tap-changer is 10 cm. Accordingly, the length of the wad will be exactly 10 cm. As a rule, there are several wads from the on-load tap-changer in the column of a moonshine still. You can replace all stainless steel wads with copper ones. Or maybe partially. Three copper “bars” are quite enough. Maybe even two. But with a fairly productive device, this may not be enough.

Preparing the device

1. After this, wash the “bars” in dishwashing detergent to remove any remaining oil used in its production, and rinse with running water.
2. Then etch a little in a solution of citric acid. About 10...20 grams of citric acid per 1 liter of boiling water is enough.
3. Stir to dissolve the citric acid (dissolves very quickly) and drop the “bars” into the solution. A few minutes is enough.
4. Then remove the Panchenkov on-load tap-changer from the solution and rinse it in running water. All. The preparations are complete.

During operation, due to the interaction with sulfur compounds and other substances of the vapor from the distillation cube, the surface of the nozzle becomes coated. Depending on the raw material, the color can vary from black to silver.

If the coating is very strong, when the on-load tap-changer dries out, it may “coke” and make it worse for mash vapor to pass through in the future, which leads to the column choking. Therefore, after each use, it must be removed from the column with some hook-shaped object, washed and pickled in a solution of citric acid, as described above.

The etching time depends on the degree of contamination. It is etched until the characteristic copper color appears.

Etching should be carried out in a ventilated area. Small dark areas can be ignored. After this, rinse the on-load tap-changer in running water and dry. After drying, the surface may darken, but there is no need to worry.

The service life of the Panchenkov copper on-load tap-changer depends on the frequency of use, the raw materials and the acidity of the mash, and the cleaning time in a citric acid solution.

vse-vino.ru

Prices for Panchenkov nozzle

These nets are sold in many stores in this area; they are not expensive, so the purchase will not put a dent in the distiller’s pocket. One such mesh costs an average of 500-700 rubles. However, the price depends on the parameters. In expensive moonshine stills they come by default, which once again confirms the need for their use.

However, if you have problems finding this mesh or purchasing it, you can use an ordinary household steel sponge. Its efficiency is no lower, and it filters fusel oils just as well.

homedistiller.ru

Device analogues

There are various “household” inventions that people use in the absence of the Panchenkov nozzle itself.

The most popular of them is an ordinary metal sponge, which is sold in almost any household store and costs a penny.

• However, before use it must be tested for corrosion resistance.
• This can be done as follows: first you need to cut it into fragments, wrap them in a damp cloth and sprinkle with salt.
• If within two or three days the washcloth does not become rusty, then you can safely replace the Panchenkov mesh with it.

The second “analogue” is ceramic Raschig rings. It is recommended to use rough rings. Also, the mesh can be replaced by spiral-prismatic nozzles, which are no worse in efficiency than Panchenkov meshes.

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Spiral prismatic fillers have been invented quite recently. SPN Selivanenko was the first of them. Now some modifications of this attachment have appeared, for example the 10-sided Diogenes SPN.

Currently, the spiral prismatic nozzle is considered the best for use in home moonshine stills and distillation columns. For household mash columns and distillers, it is better to use copper SPN; according to some data, it softens the taste of the distillate.

1. SPN is made of stainless wire with a thickness of 0.2 0.25 and 0.3 mm.
2. Consists of 4x4 segments; 3.5x3.5; 3x3 and 2x2 mm prismatic spiral.
3. The smaller the nozzle, the higher the quality of the resulting product, but the lower the productivity, and with a large nozzle, the selection speed increases, but the quality of separation is lower.

The nozzle is poured into the column and lightly compacted every 10 cm; for this it is convenient to use the handle of a shovel. For a household column, it is easier to purchase a nozzle from a trusted seller, because Recently, many fakes have appeared on the market.

The price of the Selivanenko SPN nozzle is about 1500-2500 rubles per liter, 1 liter depending on the type of wire, weighs approximately 1.2 kg.

You can make SPN with your own hands at home. To do this, you need stainless steel wire, a winding device (usually a drill or screwdriver), and the finished cut nozzle must be etched.

• This element passes steam through itself, retaining phlegm on its surface, which settles in the form of a film. This is where the work of dividing the mixture into fractions takes place.
• Increasing the area of ​​the SPN has a beneficial effect on the final moonshine, however, it is important not to create obstacles to the passage of vapor.
• A dense nozzle can block the movement of future condensate.
• If the phlegm layer increases to a critical level, the moonshine still begins to choke.

There are 3 types of choking: film, emulsification and emergency. Thus, it is necessary to select the power so that the device operates in the emulsification system without going into emergency mode.

Washcloths

Sponges occupy a leading position in their use as attachments in columns. The reason is availability and low price. The main rule when choosing is corrosion resistance. Taking this into account, there is no need to make a bulk purchase right away.

Below is a personal opinion on the choice of washcloths and their use

In order for heat-mass exchange processes to occur in a distillation column, the column pipe must be filled with a packing. There is a wide variety of industrial packings for distillation columns. But it is not always possible to get them.

Therefore, as an alternative to the industrial nozzle, in the distillation column, a nozzle made from household washcloths was used for washing stainless steel dishes. Below are photographs of the sponges used and the process of making the packing for the distillation column is explained.

1. Washcloths made in China. Used for more than a year, after removal from the column, no traces of corrosion were noticed. Can be used as a nozzle.
2. Russian-made washcloths “Chistulya”. They have approximately twice the volume compared to Chinese ones. The Chinese washcloths were later replaced by these. Sponges come from different manufacturers and can be made from different grades of steel.

Sometimes the quality is not entirely satisfactory. During the distillation process, such sponges may cause various changes in the taste and smell of the distillate. Therefore, the choice of washcloths is a crucial moment; not all washcloths are suitable for use as a nozzle.

It is better to use “Chistulya” washcloths in the column.

Cutting and separating the loofah

We take scissors, pierce the washcloth approximately in the middle and cut it in half. The scissors cut rather poorly, we had to shorten the cutting part using sandpaper and sharpen it at the same time. It has become much more convenient to work.

After the washcloth is cut in half, you need to divide it into several more parts. We cut with scissors, straight along the lobe. You should get about 4-5 pieces.

Then we cut the pieces into separate rings with 3-5 turns each. The result is a bulk nozzle.

In the process of cutting washcloths into separate fragments, you get a lot of small rings and other debris.

In order to get rid of unnecessary debris, you can use a sieve with holes of suitable diameter. The diameter of the holes must be selected in such a way that fragments of the nozzle remain in the sieve, and debris is sifted through the holes. As such a sieve, you can use a device like this.

Nozzle dimensions in millimeters. Here are different sizes of attachments cut from different washcloths.

The sizes of the coils, as well as their diameter, are different for different washcloths. Depending on the diameter of the pipe, you need to use different sponges. For pipes with a small diameter of 25-35 mm, use scourers with a minimum coil size. For larger diameter pipes, it is better to use scourers with larger coil diameters. This will make the cutting process faster.

The pipe is filled to the top with nozzle. All that remains is to insert the grille and solder the adapter to connect to the reflux condenser.

Sometimes this substance is used for other purposes, such as creating a water plug. When filling the device with another nozzle.

alkoinfo.net

Ceramic Raschig rings

Raschig rings are ceramic attachments that are widely used in modern industry. The nozzles work as follows: absorption occurs on the surface of the nozzles when they are placed in the absorber.

Ceramic tips for effective absorption must meet a number of specific requirements:

• they must have a high specific surface area,
• as well as significant free volume,
• and also have a low specific gravity in order to produce minimal pressure on the supporting structures and provide little resistance to the gas flow,
• effectively distribute liquid over the surface and are characterized by excellent corrosion resistance to the environments in which they will be located (most often we are talking about acidic and alkaline environments).

Raschig rings (ceramic nozzles) are intended for mass transfer, heat transfer, as well as modern highly efficient rectification and separation industrial equipment (chemical and oil refining industries).

They have a number of distinctive characteristics and must meet some specific requirements.

1. Among them we can distinguish a large specific surface area and a small specific gravity.
2. There must also be a sufficiently large free volume, the ability to provide little resistance to gas flows, and the ability to distribute liquid well.
3. An equally important indicator is resistance to the corrosive environment in which the nozzles are located.

Raschig rings are classified as one of the subtypes of ring attachments. Externally, these are cylindrical nozzles with thin walls. The outer diameter of such devices is most often equal to the height of the ring itself. This parameter varies from 25 to 150 millimeters.

The market is also saturated with other, more modern, attachments, which are in many ways better than Raschig rings. These are Pall and Berl devices. This fact is due to the fact that Raschig rings are very simple and do not have any additional devices.

But this is their advantage, since the nozzles are quite easy to manufacture and cheap. Today they are widely used in practice and are most often used in many enterprises.

articleland.ru

The main stages of moonshine brewing

The rules of moonshine establish 4 main stages of preparing this wonderful drink:

1. Preparation of raw materials.
2. Fermentation.
3. Distillation of mash.
4. Purification of the resulting drink
5. Flavoring is an optional but recommended step to enhance the taste and give it a bright aroma.

For those who are just learning the basics of moonshine brewing, it is advisable to have a fully equipped apparatus, which includes:

• hydrometer to determine the strength of the finished drink;
• thermometer to control distillation temperature;
• pressure gauge - a device for measuring pressure in a distillation cube.

Distillation process

Moonshine brewing technology is not limited only to this stage, but this is precisely the mechanism for obtaining ethyl alcohol from fermented mash.

For this purpose, a moonshine still is used - it can be either homemade or factory-made.

The mash itself is poured into a sealed distillation cube, where it is heated to a certain temperature. The purity and content of the drink depends on how correctly the temperature is maintained at each stage.

The whole process can be divided into the following stages (distillation):

1. Intensive heating to a temperature of 66-68°C, when the first impurities begin to separate. Next, the temperature is gradually raised to 78°. It is important to do this slowly so that some of the mash does not splash out.

The drink obtained during the first distillation contains more than 50% of harmful impurities, including acetone and fusel oils. Its consumption is fraught with food poisoning and even death.

1. Maintaining the temperature at 78-82° is the longest stage during which the main part of the ethyl is released. After the second distillation, the product can already be consumed, but if you do not use a steamer, the concentration of fusel oils is still very high.

Periodically check the alcohol content in the collection with a hydrometer or the old-fashioned way - setting it on fire on a spoon. As soon as the liquid stops burning, turn off the heating.

1. In the third distillation millet, the temperature is increased to 87-90°C so that the separation of heavy fusel milk begins.

Throughout the entire moonshine brewing process, control the temperature in the refrigerator (coil) - it should not rise above 30°C. This balance is ensured by constant circulation of cold water.

portaltepla.ru

Types of moonshine stills

The choice of a moonshine still must be made based on its functionality and practicality. Let's look at what types of moonshine stills there are, the main criteria that determine the price and set of options:

• Operating principle (rectifier, distiller);
• The material from which it is made;
• Volume of the distillation cube;
• Cooling method;
• Power (if heating elements are present)
• Capacity liters per hour

Distiller

The operating principle of distillers is simple. First, the alcohol-containing liquid is heated to the boiling point of alcohol, and then the vapor containing alcohol is cooled. Throughout the entire distillation process, maintain a certain temperature regime, since when it fluctuates, fusel oils enter the drink, spoiling the smell and taste.

A distiller for moonshine is chosen if it is important for the drink to convey the aroma of the raw materials used in the preparation of the mash. Suitable for making whiskey, cognac, Calvados, rum and aromatic vodka. Among the advantages, it is worth highlighting low cost, ease of operation and maintenance.

A distillation column is capable of almost completely purifying the final product from fusel oils and other impurities.

The quality of the raw materials from which the mash was prepared does not matter because... There is almost no organoleptic quality in the final drink, and the alcohol percentage is 96.6%. Distillers cannot produce such a result even with repeated distillation. This alcohol makes wonderful tinctures and vodka.

Rectification is the separation of binary or multicomponent mixtures due to countercurrent mass and heat exchange between steam and liquid.

1. The principle is as follows: alcohol-containing vapors rise upward and are cooled by a refrigerator located at the very top of the column, return downward in the form of reflux and meet with rising steam, mass heat transfer occurs, and the alcohol concentration increases.
2. Below is a selection unit with which you can control the amount of alcohol taken and change its quality; the slower the selection, the purer the alcohol at the outlet.

Most modern devices have two modes (distillation and rectification); by slightly changing the configuration of the equipment, you can prepare a distillate or rectified product, which is very convenient.

Alambik

Alambiks - classic distillers with the upper part of the distillation cube in the form of a dome - are of keen interest to potential buyers. In practice, only distillation cubes made of copper have advantages over other devices. They produce a product with the best organoleptic properties.

Almost all alambiks are made by hand in Mediterranean countries (France, Spain, Italy) and are expensive. They can often be seen in drinking establishments specializing in the production of exclusive alcohol.

They shine and impress visitors. For this money it is easier for the average person to buy a mini moonshine factory with a high degree of automation.

Distillation volume

You need to decide what volumes you are going to process and how often. The more productive the model, the larger, heavier and more expensive it is.

Pay attention to the power of the cooler. It should correspond to the volume of the cube and the heating power or be higher (in this case it will be possible to change the cube to a more capacious one).

Therefore, in order to choose the right home moonshine distiller, you should get advice not only about performance, but also about the maximum possible volume of the cube, the recommended heating and cooling intensity.

For example, from 10 liters of mash with a strength of 12%, after double distillation with separation of the head and tail fractions, you will get approximately 1.8 - 2 liters of 40% distillate; based on these data, decide how much mash you need to process to obtain the amount of alcohol you need.

What material should the device be made of?

The debate over whether a moonshine still should be made of copper or stainless steel has been going on for a long time.

Often, the advice of experienced winemakers boils down to the fact that the best home distillers must be made of copper. In fact, each material has advantages and disadvantages.

Copper

• The main advantage of copper is considered to be the ability to absorb sulfur oxide, which makes the folk drink too “fragrant”.
• In addition, copper has high thermal conductivity, and, therefore, greater productivity and less water consumption required for cooling.
• And of course, copper moonshine stills look expensive and presentable.

Unfortunately, behind the advantages there are no fewer disadvantages:

1. Price. If the purpose of purchasing a device is to save money, it makes no sense to buy expensive copper equipment.
2. Difficulty of care. Due to the adsorption of sulfur oxide, plaque forms on the surface of the device. It must be removed after each use, which is quite labor-intensive.
3. Life time. Copper is not as strong as stainless steel. Most supporters of copper stills still use steel stills, since the copper bottom burns out quickly.

Stainless steel

Apparatuses and distillation cubes made of stainless steel occupy high places in the ranking. It is necessary that the steel not only does not rust, but also complies with GOST standards of the food or medical industry.

• An important factor is the thickness of the material. The optimal parameter is 2 mm. Such models of home moonshine stills are durable, affordable and easy to use.
• In devices made of thin steel up to 1 mm, the mash will burn and give the final product the taste of burnt porridge.
• Distillation cubes with a wall of 3-4 mm. in practice they have no particular advantages. At the same time, they weigh 50-70% more and cost at least a third more.

In order to get rid of sulfur compounds, it will be enough to fill the column with a copper nozzle and you will get a result no worse than with a device made entirely of copper.

Design features and additional equipment of a moonshine still

Also, the choice of moonshine still must be made taking into account the method of heating the structure.

1. If a gas stove is used, there are no special design requirements for home use, only the height of the assembled device, it may not fit on a gas stove, the hood will interfere, or something else.
2. For induction and electric cookers, it is necessary to choose containers with a flat bottom; specifically for an induction cooker, the cube should have a thick ferromagnetic bottom.

The presence of an emergency release valve for excess pressure (without this module it is not safe to operate a moonshine still).

The presence of a thermometer is necessary to measure the temperature at all stages of production, control of which creates a final drink that is optimally suited to specific preparation technologies.

Demountable modules are easier to clean. It is better to opt for a cube design with a wide neck, into which you can easily put your hand and rinse thoroughly after use.

• For rooms with insufficient height, you can purchase a cube with a built-in shade or additionally buy an induction hob; they are not that expensive, and heating is very efficient and fast.
• For a dacha, where there are often problems with cold water, types of moonshine stills that do not require running water are suitable.

An electric moonshine still with automation, on the one hand, simplifies the process, but on the other, complicates operation. Even if one controller fails, the entire device will cease to function.

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Conclusion

Now you know what the Panchenkov nozzle is, the advantages of using it, and the cost. If you are already distilling moonshine at home, then be sure to use this mesh. This simple and primitive device really helps to clean moonshine from harmful fusel oils, the entry of which into the body will certainly harm your health.

In many ways, the efficiency of a mash or distillation column depends on the correct choice of nozzle. Most novice distillers prefer the Panchenkov nozzle. In this material we will look at the design features, operating principle and application of this product in practice.

Panchenkov nozzle(regular wire nozzle) - is a thin wire made of copper or stainless steel of special weave, twisted into a roll and inserted into the frame (pipe) of a household distillation or mash column.

Advantages of on-load tap-changer:

• relatively high efficiency of separating alcohol-containing mixtures into separate fractions (good purification);
• increases the strength of moonshine;
• ease of operation (cleaning and replacement) at home;
• durability, low cost and availability.

Flaws: A regular wire nozzle works effectively with a pipe diameter of no more than 30 mm, therefore, can only be used in household installations of low and medium power.

Technical characteristics of the on-load tap-changer:

• thread thickness – 0.13 mm;
• gaps between threads - no more than 1 mm;
• type of weaving - zigzag (“cook stitch”);
• weight – 45-55 grams (with a length of 40 cm and a width of 10 cm);
• permissible internal diameter of the pipe (tsarga) is 3-30 mm.

Regular wire nozzle in unfolded form

Historical reference. The Panchenkov mesh nozzle was developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in 1981 (USSR patent No. SU 827136 (A1), IPC B01D 53/20 dated 05/07/1981). According to the project, the product was intended to increase the degree of purification of petroleum feedstock in the production of aviation fuel. Copper wire was used to make the woven mesh, since copper has high thermal conductivity and absorbs sulfur contained in oil well.

In practice, the Panchenkov on-load tap-changer has shown high efficiency in home distillers with a drawer and in household distillation columns. It is the second in terms of cleaning level (after Selivanenko’s SPN) and the easiest to use nozzle.

Principle of operation. After heating in the cube of the moonshine still, alcohol-containing vapors rise into the pipe (tsar), where they come into contact not only with the walls, as in classical distillation, but also with the surface of the nozzle, giving off some of the heat to the wire. As a result, fusel oils and other impurities with a high boiling point condense and flow back into the cube along the walls of the drawer in the form of phlegm (liquid), and alcohol vapors, purified from some of the harmful impurities, continue to move to the cooler, where they condense and enter the receiving container in the form of moonshine .

During distillation, the Panchenkov nozzle reduces the speed of steam flow in the drawer, slowing down the entire process. Compared to a conventional moonshine still, it takes more time to distill the same amount of mash, but the resulting moonshine is cleaner.

In the case of rectification, the on-load tap-changer performs the same function as any other plate or nozzle, providing a simultaneous heat and mass transfer process.

Tsar filled with on-load tap-changer

Materials. Stainless steel has become the main wire material for mash and distillation columns, since it reduces the cost of the apparatus and simplifies operation and cleaning. There are also copper Panchenkov nozzles for premium quality equipment on sale, but they are more expensive and require constant care - washing after each use.

DIY production. Theoretically, it is possible to make a Panchenkov nozzle at home, but in practice it is not economically viable, since in addition to the wire itself, winding equipment is required, exact adherence to standards and tolerances, which significantly increases the cost of production.

It’s easier and cheaper to buy a ready-made on-load tap-changer. From an ethical point of view, the organization of handicraft production is a violation of the patent of JSC Tupolev. If you want to save money, it’s easier to fill the drawer with stainless steel washcloths.

Installation and cleaning of the Panchenkov nozzle

The mesh is often supplied in rolls 5 or 10 cm wide and 40-100 cm long. Working with a narrow nozzle (5 cm) is easier; if desired, the mesh can be cut. The length and density of packing of the tube depends on the design of the apparatus or column. These parameters must be specified by the manufacturer.

If laid too tightly, alcohol vapors may not pass through the nozzle very well, creating the risk of overpressure inside the system and an explosion.

There are two methods of installing (stuffing) a regular wire nozzle into the drawer. The first is to fold the mesh in half, then twist it into a wad and insert it into the tube, turning it slightly. The second is to simply roll the wire nozzle from one edge to the other without folding it in half (the density will be slightly higher). Experiments have shown that there is no fundamental difference between the described methods. To remove it, just pick up the end of the wire with tweezers or your finger and gently pull it towards you.

The choice of packing method is not of fundamental importance

The stainless steel Panchenkov nozzle requires cleaning in rare cases when the mash gets into the drawer or is burnt. To wash stainless wire, it is permissible to use any means, even boiling.

Copper regular wire attachments should be cleaned regularly, preferably after each use.

Technology:

1. Fill the nozzle with water and bring to a boil.
2. Add citric acid (10 grams per liter of water) and mix.
3. Strain the broth and rinse the nozzle well under running water to remove any remaining acid.

To cleanse from harmful impurities and at the same time strengthen the final product, drawers or reinforcing columns are used.

For additional selection of fusel oils and other chemical compounds, a Panchenkov nozzle is used, which is a spiral-weave mesh of thin stainless or copper wires.

This mesh is rolled into a roll and inserted into it, trying to ensure that it is of sufficient density to cover the entire internal space of the column, but at the same time allow vapor to freely pass upward to the refrigerator. Among distillers this the product is called SPN(spiral-prismatic nozzle).

Alcohol vapor, rising along the drawer, encounters a natural obstacle in the form of nozzles (spirals) and cools. The impurities contained in the alcoholic product, which have a low boiling point, flow back into the water in the form of reflux, and the alcohol vapor passes higher.

But since the process is continuous: the vapors rise, meet the flowing phlegm, and give it some of the impurities along with water, the final product is not only purified, but also strengthened, according to the principle: less water, stronger alcohol.

The same process will take place in a hollow film frame. But by filling it with SPN, we increase the inner surface of the drawer by tens of times, which means we also significantly increase the selection of phlegm along with the strengthening of the moonshine.

What is it used for in a moonshine still?

A hollow film column can also cope with more or less high-quality protection from harmful impurities. But for this, its height must be 1 meter or more, which is extremely inconvenient, especially if a distillation cube with such a “superstructure” needs to be placed on a stove in an ordinary kitchen. That's why nozzles are used.

Using a moonshine still with a drawer and attachments, you can:

• receive high-quality moonshine from the first distillation, free of;
• “squeeze” maximum strength from the mash. In this way, it is possible to obtain raw alcohol of 80° and higher strength;
• using copper SPNs, distill moonshine that is ideal in purity from grain raw materials, without the taste of sulfur, which is clearly felt during direct distillation.

How to make copper mesh with your own hands?

The Panchenkov nozzle has a complex weave and it is unrealistic to reproduce it at home. But you can make your own analogue of SPN from copper wire, which will ideally work on cleaning not only fusel oils, but also sulfur, which is certainly present in wort made from grain.

You will need:

• braided copper wire with a cross-section of 1 - 1.5 mm - 9 meters of three-core cable. If you take the wire, then 25 - 27 meters based on a drawer with a height of 45 - 46 cm;
• a 3 mm electrode from which the coating has been cleared (only the metal rod remains);
• side cutters and pliers;
• fine sandpaper;
• drill with adjustable speed.

Operating procedure:

1. We remove the insulation from the copper wire.
2. We clean each wire with sandpaper.
3. We clamp the core of the welding electrode into the drill chuck.
4. We insert the tip of the copper wire into the gap between the clamps of the drill and begin to wind it evenly and tightly (turn to turn) onto the electrode at the lowest speed.
5. We remove the spiral column and cut it using side cutters into pieces of 3 - 4 mm.
6. After cutting, use pliers to press the edges of the spirals together so that they do not stick together in the future.
7. If your drawer previously contained stainless steel Panchenkov nozzles rolled into rolls, they need to be pushed out. A stick is used for this.
8. Then we insert one nozzle from the bottom of the column - it will serve as a holder for copper spirals, otherwise they will fall out into the cube.
9. We fill the rest of the column space with copper springs we made.

Note. For high-quality cleaning and at the same time strengthening the moonshine, it is necessary to fill the drawer to at least 2/3 of the height. If suddenly there aren’t enough springs, make more.

Cleaning and rinsing

Panchenkov stainless steel nozzles are enough to be removed from the column from time to time (even not after each run), unrolled and washed under the tap. Then roll it up again and insert it into the washed drawer.

It is a little more difficult with industrially made copper nozzles, as well as with homemade spirals. They are prone to strong absorption of fusel odors, and also to blackening in an aggressive environment containing methyl, acetone, various acids and fusel oils.

This is what enters our body along with unrefined moonshine. Therefore, they need to be put in order after each haul. Fortunately, cleaning them is not that difficult. We take:

• 2 liters of boiling water;
• 20 g citric acid.

We dilute the acid in boiling water, using a whole, unchipped enamel or stainless steel pan.