Typical project for calculating the illumination of an industrial premises. Design of lighting for industrial premises

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COURSE WORK

Design of electric lighting for production premises

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Characteristics of the premises

1.2.2 Luminous flux utilization factor method

1.2.3 Chiseled method

1.3 Lighting calculation

1.4 summary electrical specification

CHAPTER 2. ELECTRICAL PART

2.1 Calculation of electrical wiring and protective equipment

Conclusion

Application

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

Lighting engineering is a field of science and technology, the subject of which is the study of the principles and development of methods for generating, spatial redistribution and measurement of the characteristics of optical radiation, as well as the conversion of its energy into other types of energy and use for various purposes.

Modern human society is unthinkable without the widespread use of light. Lighting installations create the necessary lighting conditions that provide visual perception, which provides about 90% of the information a person receives from the world around him. Light creates normal conditions for work and study, improves our life.

The effective use of light with the help of the achievements of modern lighting technology is the most important reserve for increasing labor productivity and product quality, reducing injuries and preserving people's health.

Fatigue of the visual organs depends on the degree of intensity of the processes accompanying visual perception.

The main task of lighting in industrial premises is to provide optimal conditions for vision. This problem is solved by choosing the most rational lighting system and light sources.

CHAPTER 1. LIGHTING PART

1.1 Characteristics of the premises

There is a telephone exchange in the premises

The total area of the production facility is 120 m2. Ceiling height - 3 m.

Reflection coefficients are: pn = 50%, pst =50%, pp.n. =30%

The room is divided into 4 rooms and a corridor:

1 - equipment room: S = 34 m² (Enorm = 200 lux)

2 - CROSS: S = 60 mI (Enorm = 300 lux)

3 - engineer’s office (working with a computer): S = 15 mI (Enorm = 200 lux)

4 - service room: S = 2.4 m² (Enorm = 30 lux)

Illumination is indicated in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95.

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Rice. 1. General plan of the production premises.

1.2 Calculation of room lighting CROSS

1.2.1 Power density method

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Rice. 2. Plan for installing lamps in the CROSS room

1. Select 6 APS/R 4x36W type lamps built into the suspended ceiling and place them as shown in Fig. 2.

H - room height,

at Enorm = 300 lux, h = 2.2 m, S = 60 m².

Ore = 15 W/mI.

where n is the number of lamps.

0.9·37.5 ? 36? 1.2·37.5; 33.75? 36? 45 - the condition is met.

6. Total installed power of lamps P = n· Rl.n. = 24·36 = 864 W.

1.2.2. Using the luminous flux utilization factor method 1. Determine the design height:

hras = H - hp.n.- hcv = 3.0-0.8-0 = 2.2 m.,

where: H is the height of the room,

hp.n - lifting height of the working surface,

hcv is the hanging length of the lamp.

3. Using the table, we find the utilization factor for the APS/R 4x36W lamp.

At pn = 50%, pst = 50%, pp.n. =30%, i =1.7

4. Determine the number of PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36W lamps required to ensure normal illumination Enorm = 300 lux.

Actual illumination:

Since there are 4 lamps installed in one lamp, we accept 20 lamps.

300 = 324 lux

1.08, which is acceptable (SNiP 23-05-95).

1.2.3 Chiseled method

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1. Select 6 APS/R 4x36W type lamps built into the suspended ceiling and place them as shown in Fig. 3.

2. Select point A whose illumination needs to be set. Illumination in t. A from linear luminous elements located parallel to the design plane:

Ia -- the average value of luminous intensity per unit length of the luminous part of the lamp in the direction at an angle b to the plane of the lamp's location;

g - the angle at which the luminous line is visible from the calculation point;

hр - the height of the luminous line above the illuminated surface.

Fl -- the total luminous flux of lamps in the lamp;

l -- line length.

Ia = =963.5 (Cd) - one lamp.

EA1 ==655(Lx) - illumination of the first row.

EA2 = 531(Lx) - illumination of the second row.

Where Kz is the safety factor,

m - reflected component.

Er = = 316(Lm)

3. We calculate the deviation of the actual illumination from the nominal:

What is acceptable (SNiP 23-05-95).

1.3 Calculation of lighting for other rooms

Equipment room using the specific power method, as it is recommended for preliminary determination of the lighting load at the initial design stage.

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Rice. 4. equipment room: S = 34 m² (Enorm = 200 lux)

1. First select 3 APS/R 4x36W type lamps built into the suspended ceiling and place them as shown in Fig. 4.

2. Determine the estimated height:

hras = H - hp.n.- hcv = 3.0 - 0.8 - 0 = 2.2 m, where:

H - room height,

hp.n - lifting height of the working surface,

hcv is the hanging length of the lamp.

3. Using the table (Appendix 1) we find the value of the specific power:

at Enorm = 200 lux, h = 2.2 m, S = 34 mI.

Ore = 12 W/mI.

4. Determine the estimated power of one lamp:

where n is the number of lamps.

5. We select a lamp from the catalog so that the following condition is met:

0.9·RL? Rl.n. ? 1.2·Rl. Choose - PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36 W.

0.9·34 ? 36? 1.2·34; 30.6? 36? 40.8 - the condition is met.

6. Total installed power of lamps P = n· Rl.n. = 12·36 = 432 W.

Engineer's office using the luminous flux utilization coefficient method.

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Rice. 5. Engineer’s office (working with a computer): S = 15 mI (Enorm = 200 lux)

1. Determine the estimated height:

hras = H - hp.n.- hcv = 3.0-0.8-0 = 2.2 m., where:

H - room height,

hp.n - lifting height of the working surface,

hcv is the hanging length of the lamp.

2. Determine the room index:

3. Using the table, we find the utilization factor for the APS/R lamp

At pn = 50%, pst = 50%, pp.n. =30%, i =0.84

4. Determine the number of PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36W lamps required to ensure normal illumination Enorm = 200 lux.

We find the luminous flux of the lamp from the table: Fl = 2850 lm.

We take the safety factor equal to 1.5.

The coefficient of uneven distribution of lighting is 1.15

Actual illumination:

200 = 198 lux

0.99, which is acceptable (SNiP 23-05-95).

We choose 2 lamps APS/R 2x36W.

Service room by power density method.

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Rice. 6. Service room, S = 2.4 m² (Enorm = 30 lux).

1. First select 1 lamp type APS/R 1x18W built into the suspended ceiling and place it as shown in Fig. 6.

2. Determine the estimated height:

hras = H - hp.n.- hcv = 3.0 - 0.8 - 0 = 2.2 m, where:

H - room height,

hp.n - lifting height of the working surface,

hcv is the hanging length of the lamp.

3. Using the table (Appendix 1) we find the value of the specific power:

at Enorm = 30 lux, h = 2.2 m, S = 2.4 mI.

Ore = 3 W/mI.

4. Determine the estimated power of one lamp:

; where n is the number of lamps.

5. Select a lamp - PHILIPS TLґD Standard 18W.

light electrical wiring automatic equipment

1.4 Summary lighting sheet

Room

Height, m

Coef. reflect. Sveta

Type of lighting

Normal lighting E lk

Lamp

Ud. Power W/mI

Equipment room

PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36W

Engineer's office

PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36W

Service room

PHILIPS TLґD Standard 36W

CHAPTER 2. Electrical part

2.1 Calculation of electrical wiring

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Fig.7. Installation of lighting controls.

Group shield

Switch

APS/R lamp

Wire selection.

We select the brand and cross-section of the wire based on the calculated load current I race.

Iras = W/U*cos c, cos c = 0.9

1) - Equipment room:

Iras = 438/(220*0.9) =2.2 A

2) - CROSS:

Iras = 864/(220*0.9) =4.4 A

3) - Engineer's office:

Iras = 144/(220*0.9) =0.7 A

4) - Service room:

Iras = 18/(220*0.9) =0.09 A

Taking into account the requirements of the PUE and installation conditions, we choose wire VVG 3x1.5.

2.2 Selection of circuit breakers and input equipment

For each room we select a BA 47-29 1P circuit breaker, according to the rated thermal trip current: C 4; From 6.

We place automatic switches in a group panel of 12 groups (including sockets).

We select the input circuit breaker VA 47-29 3Р С 25.

Conclusion:

As a result of the work, electric lighting was designed for several rooms.

One of the premises (CROSS) was calculated using three methods.

The calculation result showed that the specific power method is convenient for initial design, and the point method is convenient for accurate results.

Literature:

1. Aizenberg Yu. B. Reference book on lighting engineering. 3rd ed. reworked And. add. - M.: Publishing house: “Znak”, 2006 - 972 pp.: ill.

2. Knorring G. M. Reference book for the design of electric lighting. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - St. Petersburg:

Publishing house: “Energoatomizdat”, 1992 - 448 pp.: ill.

Application:

Determination of the utilization factor based on the values of reflection coefficients and room index

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Purpose and purpose of providing the work performed

Bringing general lighting in the production area into compliance with the current standards of the Russian Federation, creating favorable visibility conditions for enterprise personnel, carrying out energy-saving measures, as well as measures aimed at eliminating accidents and injuries.

Measures for the reconstruction of the electric lighting system of industrial premises are intended to meet the requirements of the following ND:

Rules for technical operation of consumer electrical installations;
Electrical Installation Code, Sixth and Seventh Edition;
SNiP 3.05.06-85 "Electrical devices";
SP 52.13330.2011. Set of rules. Natural and artificial lighting.
And 1.13-07 “Instructions for preparing acceptance documentation for electrical installation work.”

Technical description of design and electrical installation works

Lighting reconstruction work includes:

design
supply and installation of work and emergency lighting panels
supply and installation of power cable lines
supply and installation of Philips BY687LED240 lamps and lamps for areas with high temperatures.
installation of lighting control circuit
dismantling the existing lighting system (performed after switching on the new lighting system).
supply and installation of evacuation lighting fixtures

Work includes:

pre-project survey;
development of working documentation sections EM, ES;

Carrying out design and electrical installation work

performing commissioning tests and measurements;
provision to the Customer of design and acceptance documentation in electronic form in .dwg format in 1 copy and on paper in 2 copies.

Provided by the contractor:

certificates, licenses and other regulatory legal acts and permits for the right to carry out this type of work.
necessary documents (approved regulations, certificates, certificates, certificates, etc.) confirming his right to provide the required type of services.

Warranty and post-warranty service

The contractor is responsible for the quality of the work performed.

Documentation

The design documentation was completed in 3 (three) copies and handed over to the Customer on paper (2 original copies) and a copy in electronic form.
The Contractor provided all passports and certificates for the equipment and materials used.

The project for the reconstruction of the electric lighting system was carried out on the basis of:

Customer's technical specifications for design;
current regulatory documents, namely:
- Rules for electrical installations;
- Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings - SP31-110-2003;
- GOST R50 571.2-94 - Electrical installations of buildings;
- SNiP 23 - 05 - 95 Natural and artificial lighting;
- SNiP 3.05.06-85 - Electrical devices;
- SNiP 21 - 01-97 - Fire safety of buildings and structures;
- SP 6.13130.2013 - Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment.

Fire safety requirements.

GOST R 53315-2009 - Cable products. Fire safety requirements;

State standards
- Electrical installations of buildings
- Basic safety requirements (GOST 30331-95, GOST 50571-96), GOST 21.614-88
- Conditional graphic images of electrical equipment and wiring on the plan.

Mains voltage 380/220V.

The grounding system adopted in the project is TN-C-S.

Data on loads are given on single-line diagrams of switchboards.

Justification of the adopted power supply scheme

According to the terms of reference, the project provides for the reconstruction of the lighting system with the replacement of lighting panels, power cables and lighting control circuits.

To power the lighting equipment in the premises of the production workshop, it is planned to install working lighting panels: zone 1 - ShchAO-1, zone 2 - ShchAO2 and emergency and evacuation lighting panels: zone 1 - ShchAO-1, zone 2 - ShchAO2.

Lighting boards are powered by cable lines from:

Zone 2 ShchAO-2 from TP-840/1, cabinet PR-1, add. circuit breaker 32A;
Zone 1 ShchAO-1 from TP-840/4, cabinet PR-2 additional. circuit breaker 32A;
Zone 2 ShchO-2 from TP840/4, cabinet PR-2 additional. circuit breaker 50A;
Zone 1 ShchO-1 from ShchO-3 located in the axes P-32 additional. circuit breaker 63A.

The power lines of the working lighting panels ShchO-1 and ShchO-2 are made with cables with copper conductors of the VVGng(A)-LS brand, except for the power lines of zone 1, the area with high operating temperatures. In this area, cable type OLFLEX CLASSIC 100 5 G 2.5 is used with an operating temperature of up to +80°C.

The power lines of the emergency and evacuation lighting panels ShchAO-1 and ShchAO-2 are made with fire-resistant cable with copper conductors of the VVGng(A)-FRLS brand, except for the power lines of zone 1, the area with high operating temperatures. In this area, cable type OLFLEX CLASSIC 100 is used with an operating temperature of up to +80°C.

The voltage of the newly designed network is 400/230V, TN-S system. The separation of the cores of the PEN supply cables is carried out at the input to ShchO-1,2 and ShchAO-1,2, respectively.

Information on the number of electrical receivers, their installed and estimated power

The total estimated power of consumers of electric lighting equipment of the production workshop within the framework of the reconstruction project is:

22.35 kW - working lighting zone 1;
6.95 kW - emergency (security lighting) and evacuation lighting zone 1;
13.50 kW - working lighting zone 2;
4.60 kW - emergency (safety lighting) and evacuation lighting zone 2.

Power supply reliability and power quality

Deviations of voltage from the nominal voltage at the terminals of power electrical receivers and the most remote electric lighting lamps do not exceed ±5% in normal mode, and the maximum permissible in post-emergency mode at the highest design loads is ±10%. In networks with a voltage of 12-50 V (counting from a power source, for example a step-down transformer), voltage deviations are allowed to be accepted up to 10%.

Taking into account the regulated deviations from the nominal value, the total voltage losses from the 0.4 kV busbars of the transformer substation to the most distant general lighting lamp should, as a rule, not exceed 7.5% (SP 31-110-2003).

The voltage drop in the supply and group lighting lines does not exceed 2.17%, from TP-840/1, cabinet PR-1, to the most distant lamp.

To ensure energy saving in electrical installations, the project provides for:

three-phase input, uniform load distribution across phases
rational construction of the circuit in individual network elements and selection of cable cross-section.

The electrical equipment used in this project does not affect the power supply network, causing deviations in the power supply quality indicators provided for by GOST 13109-97.

Measures to provide electricity to electrical receivers in accordance with the established classification in operating and emergency modes

The power supply for the working lighting of zone 1 is carried out from the working lighting panel ShchAO-1, the power supply for emergency lighting (safety lighting) - from the emergency lighting panel ShchAO-1. Both working and emergency lighting operate in normal mode. In normal operation, the working lighting panel is powered from the ShchO-3 panel, the emergency lighting panel is powered from the PR-2 TP-840/4 panel.

The power supply for the working lighting of zone 2 is carried out from the working lighting panel ShchAO-2, the power supply for emergency lighting (safety lighting) - from the emergency lighting panel ShchAO-2. Both working and emergency lighting operate in normal mode. In normal operating mode, the working lighting panel is powered from the PR-2 TP-840/4 panel, the emergency lighting panel is powered from the PR-1 TP-840/1 panel.

In the premises of the production workshop of zones 1 and 2, emergency lighting lamps and signs indicating the direction of movement to emergency exits are provided.

Evacuation lighting luminaires are equipped with built-in rechargeable batteries that ensure operation of the luminaire for 1 hour.

Evacuation lighting luminaires are powered from the emergency lighting network.

Measures for reactive power compensation, relay protection, control, automation and dispatch of the power supply system

Since the drivers of LED lamps have a power factor of at least 0.9, reactive power compensation for consumers of the electric lighting system is not provided for in the project.

Gas-discharge luminaires in zone 1 of the high-temperature section are equipped with ballasts with cosφ = 0.85, the total reactive power of such luminaires is equal to Scalc = 1 kV.

Such power does not cause network overload; in this case, there is no need for reactive power compensation.

List of measures for grounding (grounding) and lightning protection

To ground the newly designed shields ShchO-1, ShchO-2, ShchAO-1, ShchAO-2, lamp housings, cable braces, the existing grounding loop of the building is used, through a protective grounding conductor, distribution network cables and yellow-green wires.

The project does not provide for the reconstruction of the existing ground loop.

Electricity supply

Supply voltage 400/230V, TN-C system.

All protection and control devices, cables and wires, lamps and other purchased products and equipment must have appropriate certificates of compliance and fire safety.

Section selection

Calculation of lighting network cables for voltage loss is made based on the following parameters:

M - load moment equal to the product of load P and the length of the line section L, kW*m;
S - wire cross-section, mm²;
C is a coefficient depending on the wire material and network voltage.
- For copper wires in a three-phase network with zero with a rated voltage of 400/230V C = 72.2.
- For copper wires with a single-phase network with zero with a rated voltage of 220V C = 12.1
ΔU - permissible loss of network voltage, %;
Lo - line length to the first lamp in the group, m;
L=6 - distance between lamps in a group, m;
n is the number of lamps in the group;

The cross-section selection values for each group of luminaires are summarized in the table.

Calculation of power network cables for voltage loss is carried out according to the following parameters:

U - linear voltage, V;

ΔU - permissible loss of network voltage, V;

The project includes calculation of short circuit currents

The calculation showed that the selected protection devices provide protection of lines during single-phase short circuits in a time of 0.4 s.

Electricity metering

The project does not provide for the reconstruction of the electricity metering station.

Power electrical equipment and electrical networks

Consumers of electrical energy, installed and calculated power are indicated in the corresponding tables for calculating electrical loads.

Lighting boards ShchO-1, ShchO-2 are externally designed with a mounting panel and degree of protection IP54.
Emergency lighting panels ShchAO-1 and ShchAO-2 are of the ShchRN type with an IP54 protection degree.

To protect outgoing lines, circuit breakers with characteristic “C” and a breaking capacity of 6 kA are installed in switchboards.

Electrical lighting networks are made with cables with copper conductors of the VVGng(A)-LS, VVGng(A)-FRLS grades, in the high temperature zone OLFLEX CLASSIC 100.

Cable lighting lines are laid:

in a corrugated pipe fixed to the reinforced concrete structures of the building without compromising the mechanical strength;
in the spans between the trusses openly and in a metal hose along a cable stretch, see sheet 14.3 of this project;
the rise from the distribution box to the cable is carried out inside the cable fastening profile;
the cable is fastened to the cable using ties with a pitch of no more than 500 mm;
descents and ascents of cables are carried out along the reinforced concrete columns of the building structures openly and in a metal hose; cables are fastened on vertical sections of lines using cable clamps (straps);
Cable branches to the luminaires are carried out in junction boxes with a degree of protection IP 54.

Cables for working and emergency (evacuation) lighting, laid along one guy rope, are separated along the entire length by a metal flexible hose with a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.

Cables for power supply networks of electric lighting consumers are selected according to the long-term permissible current load, voltage loss in the line and the magnitude of the operating current.

The choice of supply lines (brand, cross-section, length, route, cable-supporting system) is determined by the project, the routes are agreed with the Customer.

Electric lighting

Electric power supply to electric lighting networks is provided from switchboards ShchO-1, ShchAO-1 Zone 1 and ShchO-2, ShchAO-2 Zone 2, with an installation height of 1800 mm from the top edge of the shield. Working and emergency lighting panels are installed in axes P-32 Zone 1 and E-17 Zone 2, respectively.

Mains voltage 400/230V, TN-S system.

Ground the luminaires with the third conductor (PE) of the power cable.

Control of the working lighting of the production workshop is provided by buttons installed on the front door of the working lighting cabinets. The buttons are backlit in the “On” mode.

To control lighting in switchboards, magnetic starters are installed on group lines, triggered by a signal from buttons. The latter are selected with fixation.

In zone 1 and zone 2, working and emergency lighting is provided using LED lamps of the Philips BY687LED240 type, except for zone 1 of the section with high operating temperatures, where gas-discharge lamps of the I-VALO VS40M MC/MT-400W VEGA S type are used, and evacuation lighting, which performed by “EXIT” lamps with built-in batteries.

Lamps are selected in accordance with the nature of the premises. The choice of room illumination was made on the basis of SNiP 23-05-95, SP 31-110-2003, SP 52-13330-2011 in accordance with the technical specifications. According to the technical specifications, the degree of illumination in zone 1 and zone 2 is ensured at a level of 80 cm from the floor, at least 300 lux, except for zone 1 of the area with high operating temperatures, where illumination is provided at a level of 80 cm from the floor, at least 400 lux, cm. Appendix 2, lighting report and 3D visualization, made in the DIALux 4.10 program.

Grounding of all metal normally non-current-carrying parts of lighting equipment is carried out by connecting to an additional “PE” wire, which is connected to the “PE” bus of the distribution panel.

Fastenings for general lighting fixtures.

Evacuation lighting

Evacuation lighting is combined with emergency lighting.

Evacuation lighting is provided by lamps with built-in batteries "EXIT", located above each exit from the production workshop building, along the main passages and personnel evacuation routes in case of fire.

Calculation of the load-bearing capacity of cable tension

The calculation comes down to determining the design load on the cable and comparing it with the permissible one. The calculation is made for the most loaded area.

Initial data:

Design span l=12 m;
Maximum sag f=0.2 m;
Cable diameter d=4 mm;
Cross-sectional area S=5.9 mm²;
The specific weight of the cable is 0.056 kg/m.

Since the working load is 1.88 kN, and the design load is 0.98 kN, then there is a double reserve of the cable in terms of strength in the working load, and almost 10 times in terms of strength in the breaking load.

Lightning protection

Within the terms of reference, the project does not provide for the reconstruction of the facility's lightning protection system. It is recommended to conduct a survey and laboratory testing of the existing lightning protection system to determine the need for reconstruction or repair.

Organization of operation of electrical installations

The facility's electrical management system is an integral part of the electrical management system, integrated into the facility management system as a whole and must provide:

development of the power supply system;
effective work by increasing labor productivity;
increasing the reliability, safety and trouble-free operation of equipment;
renewal of fixed assets through reconstruction of electrical facilities;
staff development;
supervision of the technical condition of electrical installations;
supervision of compliance with the operating modes specified by the power supply system.

Operation of electrical installations is carried out by trained personnel according to approved instructions.

At the site, to perform the functions of organizing the operation of electrical installations, the manager appoints a responsible person, as well as a person replacing him. Personnel servicing electrical installations are trained in accordance with the established procedure. The person in charge of electrical facilities is responsible for creating safe working conditions for electrical workers and organizational and technical work to prevent cases of electric shock to personnel.

DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL LIGHTING FOR PRODUCTION PREMISES

For large and complex industrial complexes, buildings and structures, the lighting installation project is developed in two stages: technical design and working drawings.

In the technical project, issues of the lighting and electrical parts of the lighting installation are resolved, assignments are issued for the design of power supply and basic construction solutions.

Working drawings are developed on the basis of the approved technical design.

The development of a technical working draft or working drawings should be carried out in accordance with the environmental conditions in the premises; groups and categories of the environment and data on the power sources of the lighting installation must be established in full accordance with the PUE. When designing, it is recommended to study in detail the technological process of the illuminated enterprise and know the nature of the visual work performed in the premises.

The plans of the power supply network show the construction part of buildings in a simplified manner, display panels that indicate the number and installed power, and draw network lines indicating the brands and cross-sections of cables and wires. On the plans of the main premises, the installation locations of lamps and panels are fragmentarily outlined. Lamps, panels and various equipment are calculated according to plans and a table of indicators.

Drawings of plans and sections contain basic information about lighting solutions and the electrical part of lighting installations.

When developing plans, it is necessary to use a set of symbols and requirements for the implementation of inscriptions and numbers specified in GOST 21-614-88.

The plans include lamps, main points, group panels, step-down transformers, supply and group networks, switches, plug sockets; the names of the premises, the standardized illumination from general lighting, the class of fire and explosion hazardous premises, types, installation height of lamps and lamp power are indicated. , methods of wiring and cross-section of wires and cables of lighting networks (Fig. 2 a, b, c). The reference dimensions of installation locations for lamps, panels, and marks for laying lighting networks are indicated in cases where precise fixation of these locations is necessary.

When designing buildings, a number of rooms of which have the same lighting solutions: lamps, lighting network and other identical elements, it is recommended that all solutions be applied only for one room; for others, an appropriate reference is made to it. The general floor plan shows only the entrances to such premises. Drawings of floor plans of all premises are made on a scale of 1: 100 or 1: 200.

In addition to drawings of plans and sections of illuminated premises with lighting diagrams printed on them, the design documentation includes: custom specifications for electrical equipment and materials; construction buildings; remote control diagrams or other circuit diagrams, non-standard installation drawings.

Supply and group networks on floor plans are drawn with thicker lines than the building elements of the building and equipment; the number of wires in group lines is indicated by the number of notches drawn at an angle of 45 to the network line (Fig. 2)

Indication of groups throughout is necessary to ensure uniform phase loading. On panels without factory numbering of groups, connection phases are indicated. The plans include summary data, network voltages, links to symbols, and grounding information.

Electric lighting is divided into working, emergency, evacuation (emergency lighting for evacuation), and security. If necessary, some of the luminaires of one or another type of lighting can be used for emergency lighting (lighting during non-working hours). Artificial lighting is designed in two systems: general and combined, when local lighting (workplace lighting) is added to general lighting.

Working lighting should be installed in all areas of buildings, as well as in areas where work is being carried out and vehicles are moving.

The calculation of a lighting installation consists of two parts: lighting and electrical.

The lighting part contains: selection of light sources, standardized illumination, type and lighting system, type of lamps, safety factors and additional illumination; calculation of the placement of lamps (determining the height of the suspension, the distance from the walls and between lamps, the number of lamps), luminous flux and lamp power.

The electrical part of the project contains: selection of locations for main and group panels, network route and drawing up a power supply and lighting control circuit, type of wiring and method of laying it; calculation of the lighting network based on permissible voltage loss, followed by checking the cross-section for continuous current and mechanical strength, protection of the lighting network; recommendations for installing a lighting installation; measures to protect against electric shock.

January 22, 2018

According to the law, industrial lighting must comply with uniform standards. They are regulated in GOST, SNiP, SanPiN, SP, PUE, and industry regulations. With such an abundance of documents, only professional design of industrial lighting makes it possible to obtain a lighting system that corresponds to the purpose and characteristics of the facility.

First of all, in any industrial premises it is necessary to implement two types of lighting: working (general and local) and emergency - backup and evacuation. It is also necessary to fulfill quality requirements, such as light without pulsation, good visibility at workplaces, and the absence of blinding and shadowed areas in the field of view of personnel.

The intensity of illumination is determined by the level of visual work. There are eight such categories and they are divided depending on the size of the objects of discrimination. For example, category I involves working with objects smaller than 0.15 mm, and category VIII involves simple observation of the production process. According to this classification, for categories VI-VIII of visual work, only general lighting is permissible; in other cases, additional local light sources are required.

Separate requirements are imposed on the characteristics of lamps, their locations, and connection methods. When designing a project, the nuances are taken into account and the optimal lighting and electrical solutions are selected. The result is an efficient and reliable system with low power consumption.

Industrial lighting design: stages

Preparation of project documentation— solutions are selected based on calculations and comparison of lighting options, electrical and control equipment, cable routing methods, and locations of lighting fixtures.
Preparation of working documentation— creation of text materials and graphic images based on approved engineering solutions, on the basis of which elements of the lighting system will be installed.

The design process includes a complex of works. Only full site surveys and calculations make it possible to bring the future lighting system to current standards and approve the project in regulatory authorities.

Studying the object

When designing lighting for industrial enterprises, the characteristics of the facility are taken into account. Inspection of the premises, building and surrounding area allows you to select the optimal methods for laying cable lines, types of lamps and their locations. At this stage, information is collected about the purpose and geometric parameters of all illuminated rooms, the materials of the partitions are determined, and the presence or absence of suspended ceilings and false floors is determined.

Lighting selection

At an industrial facility, four types of lighting can be implemented, each of which has requirements for localization and light parameters:

working- all production workshops, warehouses and utility rooms, open spaces for the passage of people and traffic. The main requirement is that the illumination level corresponds to the nature of the visual work;
emergency- an alternative in case of switching off the working lighting. Requirements include independent power supply, illumination level in accordance with the purpose of the lighting system;
duty— corridors, lobbies, entrance areas, security posts. There are no special requirements for the quality and level of illumination, since the main task is acceptable visibility for observation and walking around during non-working hours;
security- perimeter of the territory, facade of the building. Illumination is standardized by the type of technical means of recording and tracking. If there are no video cameras, illumination of 0.5 lux is sufficient.

Emergency lighting is a must for production facilities. A backup system is needed in places where normal operation needs to continue, for example, in control rooms, at stations with pumping units.
Evacuation lighting allows you to complete work and leave the building safely. Used on escape routes, in large spaces to prevent panic and in potentially hazardous areas, such as workshops with moving machinery.

Lighting calculation

Standard illuminance values vary depending on the purpose of the premises. When designing lighting for industrial enterprises, it is necessary to analyze all regulations and comply with the requirements specified in them. If there are discrepancies, you need to focus on the highest standard illumination parameters.

When calculating, it is important to take into account surface finishes in order to accurately select reflection coefficients. For example, painted white ceilings and walls have a coefficient of more than 80%, Armstrong-type suspended ceilings have a coefficient of 50-70%, and almost no light is reflected from Grilyato cellular panels. For convenience and accuracy, calculations can be carried out on a computer - programs like DIALux are available for free download.

Selection of lamps

Optimal lighting technology - energy-efficient devices with maximum luminous efficiency and a long service life. LED lamps meet these criteria. They operate uninterruptedly for up to 50 thousand hours, save up to 90% of electricity compared to incandescent lamps, are connected via cables with a maximum core cross-section, and free up additional power that can be used to connect other equipment. All this offsets the higher initial costs of purchasing equipment. As a rule, an LED lighting system pays for itself in 1.5-2 years. Designing lighting for industrial premises will allow you to accurately calculate the payback period.

Also, LED lamps outperform classic devices in terms of lighting quality. They provide flicker-free luminous flux (pulsation coefficient no more than 5%) and have a high color rendering index of 70Ra. Diffusers and secondary optics provide different CSS, which eliminates the glare effect. In addition, LED lamps can be used both under normal conditions and in refrigeration units and steel shops - there are models with a temperature range from -60 to +75°C.

Design of electrical wiring and lighting panels

Designing lighting for industrial premises includes the selection of cables for lighting networks, taking into account the specifics of the room. Certain facilities require equipment that meets increased fire safety requirements. To lay electrical wiring along the facade, it is necessary to provide protection in the form of steel boxes or galvanized metal pipes.

It is recommended to group lighting networks. You can create one group to illuminate several small rooms, select a separate group for a medium-sized space, or several groups for a large workshop. In the latter case, you can turn on the lamps only in a certain zone or every other one. Small groups should be made single-phase, long group lines should be made only three-phase.

As connection points, it is necessary to use individual electrical lighting panels powered from the main distribution board or from the building's input distribution device. Emergency and general lighting require different cabinets. They need to be located at a distance from each other: if a fire occurs in the working lighting panel, the flames will not damage the emergency lighting equipment.

It is necessary to provide backup circuit breakers inside the switchboards. Ratings are selected in accordance with the calculated currents. It is also important to choose a shield with a housing that will accommodate additional elements for upgrading the electrical installation.

For proper safety and comfort in workplaces in the workshop, first of all, high-quality lighting must be provided. In this case, “quality” means the following characteristics:

Efficiency – the ability to quickly reach operating mode without high starting loads on the network, as well as rationally distribute the light flux;
Safety – both for the main workshop workers and for those whose responsibilities include servicing lighting systems.
Cost-effectiveness – the ability to provide the luminous flux of the required power at the lowest possible financial cost.
Meets industry standards for lighting requirements.

Light Smart company equips lighting for industrial buildings, including workshops and workplaces, administrative buildings, adjacent areas, as well as temporary structures and construction sites. In our work, we rely on truly high quality of light and energy efficiency of the system within the functioning of the enterprise, therefore we choose LED lighting systems.

A range of services from Light Smart

The range of services for arranging lighting for an industrial building includes:

calculation of artificial lighting of industrial premises;
design of artificial lighting of premises;
selection of lighting fixtures;
installation of fastening systems (consoles, suspensions, brackets for placement on the wall);
installation of lighting fixtures;

Stages of drafting projects

01 Examination of lighting installations

Verification or measurement of room dimensions and equipment layouts. Collection and analysis of information on the current state of the facility and the equipment used

02 Lighting concept development

Determining the required level of illumination, carrying out lighting calculations, recommendations for choosing specific models and the number of lamps, developing a layout of lighting devices, calculating the required electrical power to implement a lighting solution

03 Preparation of project documentation

Lighting design of stage P and P lighting; electrical design of stage P and P lighting; drawing up estimates and preparing a feasibility study for the implementation of the selected lighting solution

04 Additional materials

Feasibility study for the implementation or replacement of current equipment with LED

By ordering the modernization of lighting in any workshop from us, you will quickly receive an energy-efficient system that turns on instantly, does not have a stroboscopic effect, and is shock-, dust- and moisture-proof. We strictly comply with industry lighting conditions for industrial premises, while at the same time minimizing electricity costs and freeing up additional energy capacity. Find out more from our specialists:

Come to the company office - Moscow, st. Shabolovka 34, building 3;
Call us +7 495 236 70 63;
Write to e-mail info@site.

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Industrial lighting design: stages

Studying the object

Lighting selection

Lighting calculation

Selection of lamps

Design of electrical wiring and lighting panels

A range of services from Light Smart

Stages of drafting projects