The very need for a brake, as an integral part of the hoist, is caused by the versatility of loading and unloading operations. The main tasks solved by means of the device in question are: ensuring the safety of the work process, holding the target object at a given height and preventing possible accidents with personnel or damage to cargo.

Depending on its purpose, the brake system can be of different types. For example, a mechanical load-bearing brake can ensure uninterrupted operation of a beam crane in emergency mode.

Operating principles of the device

The brake works by displacing the rotor. This mechanism provides braking, even in the event of a power outage or power surge. The braking elements are located in the hoist motor itself. Note that domestic and foreign analogues of this equipment have their own design features:

1. Bulgarian hoists use a braking fan made with aluminum blades. Brake adjustment is done with a clamping nut that can be either tightened or loosened;
2. In domestic mechanisms, the braking system consists of the main and load-bearing brakes. The latter is designed to prevent emergency situations in cases of unexpected blackout; it is triggered automatically.

As for the main brake, in our hoists you can find a wide selection of brake types.

What types are there?

• Conical. In appearance it is a disk fan, which is attached to the tail part of the hoist. Braking is carried out due to the movement of the rotor due to spring pressure. When the lifting device is stationary, the brake is firmly pressed by a spring and thus completely eliminates the possibility of any movement of the load. When turned on, the spring releases the mechanism and the load begins to move. You can adjust the operation of the brake system using the adjusting screw;
• Kolodochny. It is based on a hydraulic pusher. When the voltage begins to flow, the piston actuates the rod, as a result of which the spring is decompressed, and the pads are pressed in parallel due to the levers. A telpher with such a mechanism undergoes additional processing. To avoid the effects of environmental factors, the hoist is isolated;
• Disk. The main pressure in the operation of this type of brake is exerted by the hydraulic drive. The lever allows the tongue to compress the spring that secures the block. And the skeleton of the device, due to pressure, releases it again;
• Hinged block. The main components of this type of brake are pads equipped with friction linings and connected to each other;
• Tape. The mechanism operates using a friction belt, clutch and drum. Works similar to a disk system. Only here the tape replaces the disks. A spring is responsible for stopping the mechanism completely.

terms of Use

During operation, carry out regular technical inspection and maintenance of your equipment. Especially if the loads of this kind are intense and the load being held is heavy. It is also necessary to test the brakes of the mechanism. During testing, the hoist brake must be checked for operation at least three times.

Various systems have wear parts, regular replacement of which will ensure trouble-free operation of your enterprise. Also, to increase safety, the hoist provides space for a second additional brake.

To order this product, you just need to call our office in Moscow at the numbers listed in the contacts!

Hoists (or otherwise - hoists) are load-lifting suspended devices, consisting, as a rule, of movable and fixed blocks, as well as a cable (the so-called lopar). They perform the following main task: lifting and moving a variety of heavy loads in horizontal and vertical directions. Electric hoists are widely used in production, during construction work, as well as in ports, warehouses, etc. The advantage is that they can be used for lifting and moving loads even with small traffic flows, in limited conditions, and, most importantly, in the absence of power supply.

Hoists are used as independent lifting mechanisms at industrial and metallurgical enterprises, as well as on cargo ships. At the same time, hoists often function as a component of other lifting devices. So, for example, on single-girder overhead cranes, on wall-mounted cantilever mobile and stationary wall-mounted cranes, and in addition, on monorail cargo trolleys, hoists are attached, which perform the function of a load-lifting mechanism.

There are several forms of execution. Thus, performance can be explosive and ordinary. Unlike conventional hoists, explosion-proof hoists have a special explosion-proof shell, which allows loading and unloading operations in non-standard conditions: with a possible risk of explosion, in conditions of high temperatures, as well as in situations of interaction with various toxic substances. In addition, the explosive design of hoists involves the use of special materials that eliminate the possibility of sparks occurring during operation (due to friction, mechanical stress, etc.). The form of execution of these lifting mechanisms also depends on the climatic conditions in which the hoists are intended to operate.

There are so-called tropical and moderate versions of hoists. The breadth of the thermal range of use in different climatic conditions ranges from minus forty to plus forty degrees Celsius. For work in mines, wells, trenches, and various large recesses, another type is used - mechanical lever hoists. They are designed in such a way that the person performing the control is on top, where the hoist is attached to the support. Depending on the load capacity, the length of the cable (or chain), as well as the control method, there are several types.

Based on the control method, there are two most common types of hoists:

• hand chain hoists;


• electric hoists (chain and rope).

IN manual In hoists, the drive is manual, whereas in electric hoists, the drive is electric. A manual hoist consists of a housing in which the load lifting device is located, and a hook suspension from which the load is suspended. There is also a brake mechanism that prevents unwanted lowering of the raised load.

Elektrotal has a different device. In addition to the hook suspension, it includes a winch with gearbox, an electric motor, a sprocket or drum, and a brake. The electric hoist is activated remotely. The process of lifting the load is started manually by a closed chain; it is performed using a gear or worm gear.

Worm worm hand hoists can be either mobile or stationary. It is obvious that, compared to manual hoists, electric hoists have a number of advantages that significantly increase the ability of one worker to manage large loads of large mass (lifting, turning, moving), and also make loading and unloading operations more convenient and productive.

1. Firstly, electric hoists do not require the muscular strength of workers.


2. Secondly, compared to a manual hoist, an electric hoist has a fairly high speed of lifting and moving loads in different directions (horizontal and vertical).


3. Thirdly, the electric hoist allows the operator to keep under control all actions with loads, exercising remote control using a remote control or from a cabin that moves simultaneously with the device.

Depending on the functions performed and the uniqueness of the configuration, stationary and mobile hoists can also be distinguished. Both can be either manual or electric.

Stationary used for lifting loads. They are attached permanently, and also, if there is a need for horizontal movement of loads, they can be attached to a mobile cat.

Mobile in turn, they serve to move cargo along a suspended monorail track; in addition, they can be mounted on a single-girder manual crane as a lifting mechanism.

They have been improved for centuries, undergoing changes in contraction and increasing their strength potential. Today, advanced developers manage to create devices that are compact and simple in design. The most common system is the winch, but its operating principle imposes some restrictions on operation. In turn, the electric hoist, as a modernized version of the winch mechanism, has a higher load capacity and reliability. Although the complex design with the presence of hoists also requires compliance with the installation order, such equipment has practically no alternative in terms of performance and ease of use.

Design

In general terms, an electric hoist is a drum unit equipped with a motor, a brake (electromagnetic or shoe), a lifting cable and a device for movement (rails). If we look in more detail at the features of some models, we should note the presence of a lifting gearbox and an electronic mechanism control system. The last element is either optional or included.

The main component of the structure is the trolley, on which the hoist with the load is moved. The electric motor is responsible for the operation of the lifting gear and is controlled by a remote control. The presence of a hoist allows not only to diversify lifting methods in certain room conditions, but also to carry out more complex lifting schemes, which also involve cantilever and bridge cranes.

Operating Parameters

Among the key performance characteristics of any hoist are the load capacity, the maximum operating distance and the speed of the trolley. The range of cargo mass allowed for lifting varies from 250 to 10 thousand kg. At the same time, the most popular is the 1 ton electric hoist, which is the best option in terms of speed and lifting capabilities. The maximum lifting distances can exceed 30 m, and the minimum is 5-6 m. As you can see, the technical capabilities of electric units are an order of magnitude superior to manual mechanisms, which are difficult to operate at high altitudes.

For vertical lifting, the electric hoist is 8 m per minute, and the same operation in the horizontal direction is 20 m per minute. Again, these are average figures, and you can find modifications on the market that operate at micro-speeds. For example, a 0.5 t electric hoist is capable of performing a large number of critical and precise lifting operations at low speed - models with a larger load capacity cannot cope with such tasks.

Areas of application

The areas of use of electric hoists include construction, manufacturing, industry and private households. Wherever cargo handling is required, this unit can be used. However, the introduction of hoists and high-tech motors into the design also determined the technical requirements for operating conditions and installation. That is, in a small room, even a 1 ton electric hoist with modest technical characteristics can cause installation problems. On the other hand, the ability to work at different speeds, a variety of lifting characteristics and a rail movement system make it possible to implement such mechanisms on complex production lines and in warehouses where precision and stability in lifting operations are required.

Principle of operation

Despite the introduction of a number of additions to the design compared to the classic winch device, the hoist retained its simple operating principle. First, it is installed and connected to the network. Next, the operator attaches the cargo object to the hook, secures it with a special carabiner and turns on the lifting mechanism through the control panel. From this moment, the electric hoist starts rotating the drum and winding the rope (or chain). When the load rises to the required level, the user presses “stop”. The braking system fixes the lifting rope in its current position, allowing further operations with the load.

Modern electric hoists have special recommendations for operating modes. This applies to the time intervals of immediate rise and rest. By following these instructions, you can eliminate the risks of electric motor overloads and other disturbances in the functions of individual elements.

Differences between a chain hoist and a rope hoist

The fact that chain models are more often used in large industries undoubtedly speaks in their favor. The advantages of electric chain hoists include the following:

• Reliability.
• High maintainability (it is enough to replace the damaged element).
• Durability.
• High load capacity limits.

Rope analogues, due to the characteristics of the material itself, are not able to compete in many criteria with units equipped with metal chains. Nevertheless, they also have advantages. For example, an electric rope hoist is smaller in size and costs less. It is advisable to use such equipment at small warehouse and production facilities.

Mobile and stationary

Almost all modern models of electric hoists for vertical lifting can be installed with the ability to move. For this purpose, even at the installation stage, a carriage with rails is provided, along which movement is carried out. In this case, it is not necessary to use a mechanism for horizontal lifting. The mobility that an electric hoist is endowed with often serves to perform operations at different points in the room.

Stationary models are designed for vertical lifting at one point. Usually it focuses on the preparation of cargo for movement to the site of subsequent logistics procedures. Fastening in this case is provided by high-strength metal brackets or other fixation elements.

Additional equipment

A minor option usually includes safety features. A typical representative of such systems is overheating protection - when the electric motor enters the peak operating phase, the device automatically turns off the power supply, preventing breakdown. Of course, with such equipment, a higher cost is expected at which the electric hoist is sold. The price can reach 50-60 thousand for a model with a wide configuration. For comparison, standard analogues, devoid of high performance and additional options, are available for 10-15 thousand. In addition, hoists can be equipped with automatic cable fixation and an emergency button for an unplanned stop of the lift - in case of preventing the load from falling and other

Hoists are usually called small-sized, fairly simple-to-use lifting mechanisms. Hoists are divided according to the drive principle into manual and electric. Electric hoists are also sometimes called telphers. In a manually driven hoist, a calibrated chain (usually plate or welded) is used as a traction mechanism, which goes around sprockets or chain blocks. It is the presence of chains that makes it possible to dispense with a drum in the hoist design, which makes the entire mechanism much more compact and lighter in weight.

Currently, the greatest demand is for manual hoists equipped with a worm gear mechanism. Although lever hoists certainly find their consumers. As a rule, a manual hoist is suspended above the load using a hook and operates in a stationary mode. But there are also a large number of mobile trolleys, complete with which the hoist gains mobility.

The mechanism of operation of a manual hoist using the example of a worm hoist

For model specifications and characteristics, please see the section worm hoists

To begin with, the load is grabbed using a hook or other load-handling device attached to the hoist hook.

Then the chain of the drive unit rotates, during which the movement is transmitted through the worm and worm wheel to the drive sprocket.

The sprocket, in turn, with the help of a load chain, raises or lowers the entire hook cage.

To increase the efficiency of the hoist, the worm gear in it is made non-self-braking, with a two-start worm. Based on this, in order to best hold the lifted load and ensure safety when lowering it, load-resistant brakes (usually conical or disc) are installed in worm hoists.

To create braking torque, these brakes use the axial force of the worm, which is created by the gravity of the load being lifted.

1,6 - hooks, 2,9 - chains, 3 - brake, 4 - sprocket, 5 - worm wheel; 7 - block; 8 - worm

Operating diagram of an electric hoist (telpher)

Model specifications, features and prices can be found in the section electric hoists

The winch drum rotates using an electric motor through a gearbox.

A rope is wound around this drum, going around the block, which is fixed at one end to the body of the hoist.

An electromagnetic disc brake is installed on the shaft on the same axis with the rotor of the hoist electric motor.

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