Rural businessman Andrei Baglay spent more than six months in a pre-trial detention center on charges of violating environmental protection rules during work and is awaiting a verdict. The maximum term provided for in this article is 5 years of imprisonment. But the real reason for the criminal prosecution, as his representatives say, is that he prevented the local authorities from resting.

Vulnerable officials

In the arid fields of the Volgograd region, where he runs his own farm Andrey Baglay, the only guarantee of a good harvest is your own pond, into which rain and groundwater flows. Having experienced drought several times, the farmer decided to dig an irrigation hole on his property. Permissions for such work don't require, codes and local laws are not regulated.

Having started work, Baglay discovered that under the fertile layer of soil there was not clay, as is usually the case, but sand of excellent quality. He made an agreement with some builders he knew, and they themselves dug a hole for a pond and took out the sand for free. It would seem that everyone was happy - the farmer, who, without paying a penny, received a source for irrigation, and the builders, who received sand by paying only the excavator operator and dump truck drivers. But in this whole story a third party appeared - one of the high-ranking officials of the Volgograd region, which is headed by the governor Andrey Bocharov.

“As they explained to us, Baglay’s problems began at the moment when the trucks that were transporting sand passed by the house or dacha of either one of the deputy governors, or one of the prosecutor’s chiefs... I was never able to find out even the position of the chief ,- public defender Ivan Ivanov comments on the incident. - Simply put, dusty trucks with their appearance spoiled the mood of some of the big bosses. Well, then, as it happens, the officials began to work out - since an order was received from above, it means that the matter must be completed.”

The removal of sand did not last long - two or three days, because the farmer needed a shallow hole - about 2.5 meters. The layer of black soil that was cut off by the excavator was scattered over the remaining lands of Baglay over an area of ​​about 1 hectare. That is, damage to nature if it was applied, it was not on such a scale that initiate a criminal case.

Nevertheless, the prosecutor of the Ilovlinsky district Andrey Solokhin signed closing indictment under Article 246 of the Criminal Code (violation of environmental protection rules during work) and sent the case to court. And he established that the damage to nature amounted to 120 million rubles.

Damage from the ceiling

The prosecutor's office recognized, oddly enough, as the victim in the case Rosselkhoznadzor. Even local prosecutors could not answer how Andrei Baglay, working on his own land, could cause damage to the department. In the Ilovlinsky District Court, where this case is being considered, it turned out that the specialist who indicated the amount of damage - 120 million rubles - even wasn't on the field with a future pond. And the employee who went for the examination was not mentioned in the case. As a result, the representative of Rosselkhoznadzor reduced the amount of damage to the environment up to 20 million rubles. Why exactly up to this amount still remains unclear.

“The measurements were carried out by someone whom the department’s representative at the trial could not name. He didn’t even know what they used to measure the field and the pit. Experts have officially stated that the situation is ordinary. If it turns out that it is impossible to dig a pond on this land, then it will have to be filled in. There is nothing irreparable - normal reclamation will take place, and over the winter the land will be restored, and in the summer you can safely sow corn or vegetables on it,”- says Ivan Ivanov.

The trial in the Baglay case, as reported by sources close to the leadership of the Volgograd region, remains under the control of regional authorities. Perhaps that is why everything possible is being done to bring the case to a guilty verdict and before the actual deadline.

At the same time, the farmer almost immediately after the initiation of the case placed in a pre-trial detention center. According to the law, a citizen cannot stay in a pre-trial detention center for more than six months, but when this period passed, the local judge Roman Rastegin at the request of the assistant prosecutor of the Ilovlinsky district, Tarasov increased the term of arrest for almost three weeks. There was no reaction from higher judicial authorities, because, according to the defense lawyer, appeals against these actions were not received by the regional court for some strange reason.

Repentance in exchange for freedom

The lawyers managed to get Andrei Baglai out of the pre-trial detention center only after they filed complaints about changing the preventive measure at every meeting. In the end, the judge gave in.

“Prosecutor Andrei Solokhin persuaded Baglay to confess and objected to changing the preventive measure in court. He was at the last two meetings and is personally monitoring this case. He did not take measures to appeal the illegal judicial act to extend the arrest, and in this case he has already violated the prosecutor’s oath many times,- says defender Ivanov. - For pleading guilty, Solokhin and Judge Rastegin promised a suspended sentence. We advised against doing this, and we were right.”

Baglay's case has not been considered on its merits for more than six months. The next court hearing is scheduled for the end of January. True, delaying the process is to Andrei Baglay’s advantage for now. The fact is that the next examination is being carried out Volgograd Agricultural Academy. The farmer and his lawyers doubt that experts will find signs of irreparable damage to the farmland. It is important that the formula for calculating damage that the Rosselkhoznadzor expert used was not accepted by the Ministry of Justice. As Baglay's representatives say, the maximum that can be applied to this situation is administrative violation.

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Send information and materials about the illegal activities of officials of the Volgograd region and other regions to the editor through the “” section.

Hello. On agricultural lands, constructing a pond can be quite problematic.

Question: On changing the type of permitted use of a land plot from agricultural land during the construction of a digging pond on this land plot.
Answer:

LETTER
dated November 16, 2011 N D23-4740
The Real Estate Department of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has considered an appeal on the issue of changing the type of permitted use for the construction of a pond on a land plot from agricultural land and reports the following.
According to paragraph 2 of Art. 77 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, agricultural lands are distinguished as agricultural lands, lands occupied by on-farm roads, communications, forest plantations intended to ensure the protection of lands from the effects of negative (harmful) natural, anthropogenic and man-made phenomena, water bodies, as well as buildings, buildings and structures used for production, storage and primary processing of agricultural products.
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 40 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of a land plot has the right to build ponds and other water bodies in accordance with the environmental, construction, sanitary and hygienic and other special requirements established by law.
As a general rule, the permitted use of land plots is determined by the town planning regulations contained in the rules of land use and development (clause 9 of article 1, clauses 2 and 6 of article 30 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation).
At the same time, urban planning regulations defining the permitted use of land plots are not established for certain categories of land, including agricultural land as part of agricultural land (Clause 6, Article 36 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation).
The use of land plots to which town planning regulations do not apply or for which town planning regulations are not established is determined by authorized federal executive bodies, authorized executive bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation or authorized local government bodies in accordance with federal laws (clause 7, article 36 Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation).
It should be noted that the procedure for making a decision on changing the permitted use of land plots to which urban planning regulations do not apply or for which urban planning regulations are not established is not currently defined by federal legislation.
In this regard, we note that since, in accordance with Art. 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, issues of ownership, use and disposal of land are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, then according to paragraph 2 of Art. 3 of the Federal Law of 06.10.1999 N 184-FZ “On the general principles of the organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation,” the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to carry out their own legal regulation on subjects of joint jurisdiction before the adoption of the relevant norms of federal legislation.
In addition, according to paragraph 4 of Art. 79 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, a ban on the use of land plots from agricultural lands for other purposes can be established only in relation to especially valuable productive agricultural land, the cadastral value of which significantly exceeds the average level of cadastral value for the municipal district (urban district).
Thus, in the opinion of the Department of Real Estate, until federal legislation establishes the procedure for changing the permitted use of agricultural land, changing the permitted use of land plots for the construction of a digging pond can be carried out in accordance with the decision of the head of the local administration in accordance with clause 3, part 1 of art. 4 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2004 N 191-FZ “On the implementation of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.”
Deputy Director
Real Estate Department
M.V.BOCHAROV
16.11.2011

Question: There is no need to obtain permission to build a pond on a plot of land that is part of agricultural land.
Answer:
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
LETTER
dated August 17, 2011 N OG-D23-962
The Real Estate Department of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has considered the appeal regarding the construction of a pond on a land plot of agricultural land and reports the following.
According to paragraph 1 of Art. 40 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of a land plot has the right to build ponds and other water bodies in accordance with environmental, construction, sanitary and hygienic and other special requirements established by law.
At the same time, a pond represents the unity of a water body and a land plot, and therefore, for example, its alienation is not allowed without the alienation of the land plot within the boundaries of which it is located (Parts 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).
Accordingly, the pond is part of the land plot and is therefore owned by the owner of the land plot (Parts 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).
Taking into account the above, we inform you that if the pond is created only by excavation, such as, for example, digging ponds, then a construction permit is not required.
If the formation of a pond requires the construction of a hydraulic structure, then permission must be obtained for the construction of these structures, but not the water body itself.
A construction permit is issued in accordance with the procedure established by Art. 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.
Director
Real Estate Department
A.I.IVAKIN
17.08.2011

Question: What documents does an organization need to collect in order to obtain permission to create a pond on agricultural land owned by it for fish breeding?
Answer: In accordance with Art. 10 of the Federal Law of 03.08.1995 N 123-FZ “On Pedigree Animal Husbandry” (hereinafter referred to as Law N 123-FZ), land plots provided to citizens - members of a peasant (farm) economy and legal entities for the breeding and use of pedigree animals are classified as lands for agricultural purposes (use). Rights to land plots, the procedure for the provision and mode of use of land plots, the establishment of security zones in these areas are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Clause 1 of Art. 78 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation determines that agricultural lands can be used for agricultural production, the creation of protective forest plantations, research, educational and other purposes related to agricultural production.
In accordance with Art. 77 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, agricultural lands are lands located outside the boundaries of a populated area and provided for agricultural needs, as well as those intended for these purposes. Agricultural lands include agricultural lands, lands occupied by on-farm roads, communications, forest plantations intended to ensure protection of lands from the effects of negative (harmful) natural, anthropogenic and man-made phenomena, water bodies, as well as buildings, structures, structures used for production, storage and primary processing of agricultural products.
Article 4 of Law N 123-FZ establishes that the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of livestock breeding regulates relations in the field of breeding of breeding animals, production and use of breeding products (material) in all sectors of livestock farming, including poultry farming, fur farming, fish farming and beekeeping. Relations in the field of breeding and use of wild animals and domestic animals that are not agricultural breeding animals are regulated by other legislation of the Russian Federation.
Subclause 3 of clause 1 of Art. 40 of the RF Land Code provides that the owner of a land plot has the right to build ponds and other water bodies in accordance with the environmental, construction, sanitary and hygienic and other special requirements established by law.
In accordance with clause 3, part 2, art. 5 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, ponds are water bodies.
Part 2 of Art. 8 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes that a pond, a flooded quarry, located within the boundaries of a land plot owned by a subject of the Russian Federation, a municipal entity, an individual, a legal entity, are respectively owned by a subject of the Russian Federation, a municipal entity, an individual, a legal entity , unless otherwise provided by federal laws.
According to Art. 31 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, the state water register is a systematized collection of documented information about water bodies that are in federal ownership, the property of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the property of municipalities, the property of individuals, legal entities, their use, river basins, and basin districts. The state water register carries out state registration of water use agreements, decisions on the provision of water bodies for use, transfer of rights and obligations under water use agreements, as well as termination of a water use agreement. The state water register includes documented information: about water management systems; on the use of water bodies, including water consumption and wastewater disposal; on other documents on the basis of which the right of ownership of water bodies or the right to use water bodies arises.
By virtue of clause 5 of the Regulations on maintaining the state water register, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2007 N 253, and paragraphs. 5.5.1 of the Regulations on the Federal Agency for Water Resources, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 16, 2004 N 282, the register is maintained by the Federal Agency for Water Resources in accordance with water legislation and the legislation of the Russian Federation on information, information technology and information protection.
In accordance with paragraphs. “l” clause 12 of the Regulations on maintaining the state water register, information to the Federal Water Resources Agency on fishery facilities is received through the Federal Fisheries Agency.
Subclause 5.5.14 of the Regulations on the Federal Fishery Agency, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 11, 2008 N 444, establishes that the Federal Fishery Agency coordinates the placement of economic and other facilities, as well as the introduction of new technological processes that affect the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat.
According to clause 3 of the Rules for coordinating the placement of economic and other facilities, as well as the introduction of new technological processes affecting the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2008 N 569 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), a legal entity or an individual Entrepreneurs planning the placement of economic and other facilities or the introduction of new technological processes that affect the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat (hereinafter referred to as the applicants) submit an application to the Federal Fisheries Agency or its territorial bodies for approval of the placement of economic and other facilities or implementation new technological processes affecting the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat. Based on clause 4 of the above Rules, the application shall indicate:
a) information about the applicant:
full and abbreviated name, organizational and legal form and location - for a legal entity;
last name, first name, patronymic, place of residence and details of an identity document - for an individual entrepreneur;
b) the area where economic and other facilities are located.
In accordance with clause 5 of the Rules, the following is attached to the application:
a) duly certified copies of constituent documents and an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities - for a legal entity;
b) an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs - for an individual entrepreneur;
c) documentation justifying the placement of economic and other facilities or the introduction of new technological processes, including pre-project documentation, design documentation and draft technical documentation;
d) data on assessing the impact of the planned activity on the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat, taking into account the fishery significance of water bodies;
e) information on planned measures to prevent and reduce negative impacts on aquatic biological resources and their habitat, on compensation for damage caused (damage compensation) in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on fisheries and the conservation of aquatic biological resources and the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protection environment.
Thus, in order to obtain permission to create a pond on agricultural land for fish breeding, an organization must submit to the Federal Fisheries Agency the documents specified in clause 3 of the Rules.
E.V.Sosnov
Ministry of Finance of Russia
23.11.2009

Only the Rules for coordinating the placement of economic and other facilities, as well as the introduction of new technological processes affecting the state of aquatic biological resources and their habitat, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2008 N 569, have lost force.

At the moment, the Rules for approval by the Federal Agency for Fisheries of the construction and reconstruction of capital construction projects, the introduction of new technological processes and the implementation of other activities that have an impact on aquatic biological resources and their habitat are in force (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 30, 2013 N 384 )

When arranging a reservoir on a summer cottage, you can get by with minimal resources. It is enough to use groundwater, connect a pump, install a filter, plant plants - and the pond is ready. What else is needed to organize a water area?

The pond on the site is a small independent ecosystem. If you decide to build an isolated place at your dacha for a relaxing holiday near the water, then you will probably have a number of questions about how best to organize everything in order to enjoy the quiet murmur of water and the playful splashing of fish. We will answer the most popular questions about garden ponds and artificial reservoirs and help you avoid mistakes when constructing a pond.

1. Where should the pond be located on the site?

The first piece of advice is that it is advisable to locate the pond where it will be clearly visible, but at the same time it will be illuminated by the sun for no more than 4-5 hours a day. It is better to partially shade the water surface or organize artificial shade. It is not recommended to locate the pond directly under the trees - during the autumn leaf fall it will become polluted, and the roots of the trees may eventually collapse the banks.

It is good to frame a pond with garden paths and decorate it with stones and sculptures

Secondly, the pond should occupy an area proportional to the total area of ​​the site. When organizing it, it is necessary to study the composition of the soil, data on the level of groundwater and the location of communications. The depth of the pond in the middle zone should be more than 1 m - in this case it will not freeze in the cold season. When creating the shape of a pond, remember that bodies of water with uneven, smooth outlines that make up a wavy line look most natural.

2. Make a pond with your own hands or buy a ready-made container?

There are two known ways to organize a reservoir - dug yourself or organized on the basis of a ready-made container. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Thus, you can give a pond dug by yourself any shape and depth, make it resistant to weather disasters, plant ornamental plants along the banks, and populate the pond with living creatures. At the same time, all work must be carried out “from scratch,” as well as a solid set of tools and construction materials must be purchased.

By doing the work yourself, you can create a pond of any configuration and purpose.

Ready-made containers are available, durable, easy to install and operate. But they are easy to damage, they do not tolerate temperature changes well and are poorly suited for breeding fish and aquatic plants.

3. Where to install the pond pump?

The pump does not allow the water to stagnate, giving it constant movement, saturating it with oxygen and sometimes purifying it. In small reservoirs, submersible pumps are used - they are installed closer to the bottom of the pond on special stands or stones. The pump is selected based on productivity (how many liters per minute or cubic meters per hour it pumps) and pressure (how far it “throws” water). The average productivity of pumps for homestead ponds is 350-500 l/hour.

Using a pump will make it easier to empty and refill the pond with water.

4. What role do aquatic plants play?

A pond without plants is more of a swimming pool, especially if you use a ready-made plastic container. Plants for a pond are of two main types: decorative (lotuses, lilies, water hyacinths) and plants for cleaning a pond (elodea, hornwort, mireweed). The former are planted “for beauty”, and the latter – to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. In addition, the “green helpers” absorb phosphorus and calcium, leaving no food for blue-green algae. Dying plants also maintain the bacterial population at the required level.

Water lilies are not just beautiful, they can also be used as medicine.

5. How else can you freshen the water in a pond?

From time to time, depending on the degree of contamination, the reservoir will require preventive cleaning. To do this, you need to drain the water, clean the bottom, get rid of algae and debris and fill with clean water, and then start the cleaning system. If the pond becomes dirty too quickly, install a powerful ultraviolet lamp in the filter. Debris that floats on the surface is removed using a net.

To understand whether the pond needs cleaning, immerse a white plate in it to a depth of 10 cm - if at such a depth it is practically invisible, then it’s time to change the water.

The most important thing during cleaning is not to damage the film that covers the bottom of the reservoir.

6. Which filter is best to use in a pond?

Filters for decorative ponds come in two types: pressure and non-pressure (flow). In the first case, water leaves the installation under pressure, and in the second, it flows out naturally. Any type of filter should pass all the water from the pond through it in 1-1.5 hours. Professional and expensive models do not require maintenance, but sponges and meshes in household filters need to be washed periodically. Filters are usually installed at the edge of the pond and operate 24 hours a day.

Modern filters can be disguised as sculptures or amphoras

7. What is a pond skimmer?

This is a small plastic container that floats on the surface of a reservoir and sucks up debris (small twigs, leaves, plant debris) that has fallen on the water surface. For small ponds it is not needed, but for large reservoirs it is simply necessary. The skimmer passes water through itself using a miniature pump and traps debris in special compartments that need to be cleaned after filling.

A powerful skimmer will completely eliminate the need to clean your pond.

8. Why do you need a water vacuum cleaner?

Perhaps in the first year or two you will be able to do without this device, but later, especially if you have fish in the pond, you will definitely need it. A water vacuum cleaner sucks up plaque from the bottom, walls, thresholds and other parts of the pond. Many water vacuum cleaners are equipped with skimmers, filters and remote controls. To a greater extent, water vacuum cleaners are used for reservoirs with a flat bottom, so they are more convenient to use for pools created on the basis of a ready-made container.

A small fountain or waterfall constantly moves the water so it doesn't stagnate.

It is better to make a separate pump for a fountain or stream that would only work to supply water. This way you can turn off the fountain at night or use a more powerful pump to create a beautiful waterfall or “geyser”.

10. How to avoid cloudy water in a pond?

Even if you have purchased all the necessary auxiliary equipment for the pond, this does not guarantee that it will always be clean and well maintained. In a closed system, the life processes of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are constantly ongoing. If there are too many bacteria, this leads to waterlogging of the reservoir and turning it into a decorative swamp. To prevent this from happening, regularly remove debris from the surface of the pond or stretch a protective fine mesh over it. Inspect the fish living in the pond, isolate sick individuals, and feed healthy ones with protein food. After winter, inspect the reservoir for damage to the protective film or the integrity of the finished container.

If you keep fish in your pond, you will have to clean it more often.

In the process of creating a pond at your own dacha, many questions arise; general recommendations are not sufficient. Let's consider these questions.

How to make a natural pond?

First, let's define what is meant by this phrase:

How to choose a place and what to provide:

• distance from trees and tall bushes. Leaves and branches should not clog the water;
• good lighting, direct rays of the sun throughout the daylight hours are unacceptable;
• correctly located in a low area so that rainwater does not spill over the area, but flows into the pond;
• choose a flat area with a slight slope.

What to consider so that the reservoir is “alive” and does not rot:

Making a pond

A properly made pond occupies at least 10th of the site. Deep - it warms up poorly and is simply dangerous, shallow - it blooms. On the forums of summer residents, the optimal size of a reservoir is recommended to be 2.5 - 3 m in diameter, 1.5 m in depth. The hole is dug manually or using machinery. Next, waterproofing is done.

Ecopond - involves natural waterproofing, called clay castle. Only this natural material contributes to the functioning of a living ecological system. This is a good way to make a pond without film:

How to make a small pond?

There are several simple ways to arrange miniature ponds on your site.

Since the shape is a wave-like configuration, transitions during burial are taken into account. Special steps are made, one wider than the other. After installation, the voids are filled with earth.

The form is set slightly above ground level, a layer of sand of approximately 20-30 cm is poured under it, but first markings are made on the ground. Then you can start digging a pit. How to do this can be clearly seen in the pictures below.

How to make a big pond?

1. At first mark the contours. For irregular shapes, a regular rope will do; for a rectangle, square - hammer in pegs and stretch a string between them.
2. An excavator is used to dig a pit. You can calculate its dimensions using the formula for calculating the volume of a truncated cone. This can be easily done on a site like fxyz.ru. You just need to insert the numbers into the required line.
3. Further - level the walls of the dug bowl and make them flat. Provide terraces around the perimeter of the reservoir. They prevent the soil from crumbling and serve as convenient steps when laying waterproofing. They will be useful in the future when decorating a pond.

Important! Three zones are provided in the pit bowl: deep, 1.8-2.0 meters (below the freezing level of the ground). She is being prepared so that she can successfully winter. Medium – for plants. Small – in summer such places warm up well, fry and living creatures accumulate here, and microflora multiplies.

If you are digging a pond for swimming, you do not need to deepen the bottom, it is made smooth.

Next you need:

• remove stones and driftwood from the bottom;
• prepare waterproofing material.

The Landscape Constructions company recommends first filling the bottom with sand and laying it on top. geotextiles.

Among the existing options for waterproof coatings, they usually choose butyl rubber film. The main argument is durability. It lasts up to 20 years.

Lay out the film

How else can you waterproof a pond?

For your information! In specialized stores you can buy a ready-made plastic mold for a reservoir of 1000 liters or more.

How to build a dam?

A pit is not necessary for a pond; it is enough to make a dam using a stream or a drainage area where water flows. Running water constantly fills the reservoir. They block it in the narrowest place. First, a ditch is dug, the bottom is lined with rich clay, and compacted. Then a clay wall is erected and buried into the bottom and edges of the ravine. The dam crest is raised one meter above the future water level, and the rapids are made steep.

Dams are constructed from natural materials: stone, gravel, logs, and sometimes concrete. The base is supposed to be wide so that the structure can withstand water pressure.

When constructing such structures, remember about floods and consider water drainage in extreme situations.

The embankment is filled with a width of half a meter to 4 meters, a height of at least 0.5 m. The dam is filled only after the dam has settled.

Concrete dam. It is reinforced with rods, angle iron, and steel mesh. For concreting, waterproof cement is used, liquid glass and PVA glue are added.

If there is a ravine

A ravine next to an area along the bottom of which a stream flows and overflows during floods can be turned from a potential enemy into a friend and helper. The ravine is blocked from bank to bank by an embankment. Rain, spring, or river water gradually accumulates in front of it, forming a water surface.

We present such a positive experience step by step:

1. Dig a bypass channel, temporarily direct a stream into it so that it does not interfere with work.
2. Make shields from boards, cover them with film, and top with roofing felt..
3. Make gaps in the ravine, insert shields into them, lay out a dam from stones.
4. Bottom of the proposed pond fill with clay, compact, lay a layer of sand on top, level. At the end there is a pond line with film, walls with stone.
5. In order to keep the water at a certain level, install overflow pipe. Excess water goes further through the diversion channel into the ravine. To avoid siltation, a septic tank is dug just upstream of the natural stream.

Such a water oasis requires virtually no costs, will avert the threat of flooding, and will decorate a vacation spot.

How to prevent a pond from freezing in winter?

In autumn, especially tender and valuable plants are removed from the pond, and ornamental fish are moved to the aquarium. The pond will freeze at low temperatures, it is impossible to counteract nature, but it is possible to make it easier for fish to winter in the reservoir and ensure an influx of oxygen.

1. Reed, cattail placed vertically. Oxygen penetrates into the water through the hollow stems.
2. Polystyrene foam, straw bundles on water will slow down freezing.
3. Do vent, pouring boiling water over the ice.
4. In severe frosts they cover insulation (straw, burlap, roofing felt). You cannot keep such a flooring for a long time, you need natural light. A wooden or foam box is placed above the hole, an incandescent lamp is hung, the hole does not freeze.

Used here floating aerator, however, its effect is effective only at low subzero temperatures.

Quarry pond

Such bodies of water are called quarry ponds or gravel pits. Usually these are old neglected quarries in which peat or stone was mined. The water in them stagnates, and the fish are mostly small fish. Used for fish breeding when it is possible to provide a constant flow of water. Specialized farms on quarry ponds produce up to 2 quintals of fish per hectare. Such reservoirs are of interest to entrepreneurs.

If there is a well

The easiest way to feed a reservoir is from a well. The owner of such a pond shared this scheme, with the help of which a good idea was realized, on a dacha forum. Water circulates and its consumption is small.

1. Water from the pond flows to the filter. In this case, it acts as a skimmer.
2. Water cleared of debris flows into the waterfall, saturating the reservoir with oxygen. The pump in the well turns on only when there is a need to raise the water level.
3. The relay is activated, turns on the pump in the well, water enters the pond, fills it to the required level. Next comes the turn of the filter. All mechanisms come into play one by one. This circuit automatically maintains the water level necessary for the filter and waterfall to operate.

How to make a flowing pond

Bridge as a decoration for a pond

Straight, curved, hanging over the surface of the water - the bridge can be anything. Wood, concrete, stone, metal and their combinations are suitable for structures. Even the smallest bridge will enliven the area, become a continuation of the path, and add an unusual line to the landscape.

A simple bridge is easy to make:

Pond filter

Alexander Pisanets talks about how to make a filter for a pond in the video below.

Volodya began to form our pond in 2011, even before he met me. Finally, I have photographic materials of the pond formation process in my hands, and I will share them with you in the following parts of my story about ponds.

But first, some legal information. Someone probably had a question: do I have the right to make a pond on my property? How deep can I dig it? Do you need any approvals from the authorities and do you need to obtain permits?

I will answer briefly - the owner of the plot has the right to create ponds on his plots without blasting, and the maximum amount of subsoil use on his plots without a license is 5 meters.

What regulations justify this:

Article 40 Land Code of the Russian Federation Rights of land owners to use land plots
1. The owner of a land plot has the right:
...3) carry out irrigation, drainage, cultural and other reclamation works in accordance with the permitted use, build ponds and other water features in accordance with environmental, construction, sanitary and hygienic and other special requirements established by law;
(as amended by Federal Law dated June 3, 2006 N 73-FZ)
This applies to owners. But Article 41 gives the same rights to land users, landowners and tenants.

Article 19 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Subsoil” 02/21/1992 No. 2395-1 provides that owners of land plots, land users, landowners and tenants of land plots have the right, at their own discretion (i.e. without a license and free of charge), within their boundaries to carry out extraction of common minerals without the use of blasting , not listed on the state balance sheet, and the construction of underground structures for their needs to a depth of up to five meters, as well as the construction and operation of domestic wells and wells for the first aquifer, which is not a source of centralized water supply, in the manner established by the relevant executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Federation.

Everything in the article is beautiful and well said, but again the end of the wording is confusing: “... in the manner established by the relevant executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.” As far as I know, as far as I could find information, there are no obstacles, no restrictions, no extortions from the authorities. Although sometimes representatives of local authorities themselves are not aware of this. Therefore, the history of the creation of our pond slightly collided with bureaucracy. The current head of the district at that time warned about the need for a series of approvals with various authorities, which was subsequently not confirmed.

On the Internet there are official letters of response from various authorities and authorities to the question of whether approvals are necessary. Eg:

Question: There is no need to obtain permission to build a pond on a plot of land that is part of agricultural land.

Answer:
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Real Estate Department of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has considered the appeal regarding the construction of a pond on a land plot of agricultural land and reports the following.
According to paragraph 1 of Art. 40 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the owner of a land plot has the right to build ponds and other water bodies in accordance with environmental, construction, sanitary and hygienic and other special requirements established by law.
At the same time, a pond represents the unity of a water body and a land plot, and therefore, for example, its alienation is not allowed without the alienation of the land plot within the boundaries of which it is located (Parts 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).
Accordingly, the pond is part of the land plot and is therefore owned by the owner of the land plot (Parts 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation).
Taking into account the above, we inform you that if the pond is created only by excavation, such as, for example, digging ponds, then a construction permit is not required.
If the formation of a pond requires the construction of a hydraulic structure, then permission must be obtained for the construction of these structures, but not the water body itself.
A construction permit is issued in accordance with the procedure established by Art. 51 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.

Director
Real Estate Department
A.I.IVAKIN
17.08.2011