Vladimir

Well, there are a lot of articles on Tyrnet about “perpetual motion machines on magnets” and there is no point in touching on this topic - until one of these authors assembles a working model that would at least produce something at the output (at least symbolic microvolts!).
In the meantime, something is preventing the authors from doing this - there is no special alloy for magnets, there is no special equipment for their intricate magnetization, etc. and so on!
But it’s worth discussing what can be analyzed with basic knowledge and experience - at the level of pioneer young radio amateurs (from which, for example, I myself came out - many decades ago). Unfortunately, the author did not even go through such an elementary school, and therefore it will be useful for him to familiarize himself with a small number of elementary facts that I will present.
To find out what the cooler will produce (or, more precisely, will not produce anything) - just blow it out with a vacuum cleaner (as already suggested) and connect a tester (multimeter) to the terminals. As an option, you can fasten a pair of identical coolers with one (blowing) side facing each other. “glue” them together with small pieces of plasticine or tighten them with a pair of rubber bands. Apply 12 V to one cooler, and take readings from the terminals of the second by connecting a tester.
It is clear that it will not show anything - neither variable nor constant, or it will be a few millivolts (as the best option) induced on the switched windings and which may pass through the transitions of the transistors. As already mentioned, there is a commutator microcircuit that, through transistor switches, alternately supplies voltage to several windings, the magnetic field of which interacts with permanent magnets in the rotor (turntable). It is clear that even the smallest amount of what can pass through the junctions of transistors will not be direct current, since there is no filtering of the pulsating current (in the form of electrolytes).
In general, in order to understand what kind of power can be obtained from such devices, it is important to know that reversible electric motor-generators (and any classical electric motor can work as a generator) cannot, by definition, provide more than the power that they themselves consume as electric motors.
Such coolers have a power consumption of 1.5-2 W. and when it operates in generator mode, its power will be even less than what it consumes itself, like an electric motor.
It is clear that such experiments can be carried out with ordinary “motors” without any electronic switches inside.
I remember that in the Young Technician of the 70s, a homemade product was described from a children’s motor from a toy, on which a generator was assembled with a load on a light bulb from a lantern. In this case, it was proposed to install a propeller on the shaft. And as the author of the article claimed, when this “windmill” was installed on a bike, it generated enough power to illuminate the road at night.
Personally, I think that the power of that generator would be quite enough to power a modern ultra-bright LED (again, for this it was necessary to install a rectifier and filter the current), but to power an incandescent lamp with a current of 0.25-0.35 A (namely, these were the ones in flashlights) is clearly not enough.
So the author proposes to get from a cooler a power of 2 W - the power to power three lamps of 70 W each - i.e. 210 W?
But as is already clear, there will be no voltage at its output, not 1V, much less 12V, and especially constant!
Next, the author suggests using a 220 V converter. But from the photo you can see that this is a regular power supply with a transformer! And what is a classic transformer power supply for 10-12 W - and this is exactly the Chinese power supply shown in the photo (note 10-12 W, but we need a power of 210 W!)?
So, in a simplified form, this is a transformer (with a step-down transformation ratio), a rectifier (diode bridge) and a filter (electrolytic capacitors). Most likely there is no stabilizer in it.
Well, just by presenting the circuit of this power supply, it is completely clear that by applying a constant voltage to its output (which, as the author naively believes, should appear at the cooler terminals), you will not get anything! It doesn’t matter whether the bridge diodes are turned on in the forward or reverse direction... In the first case, direct current will flow to the winding, but in the second - not. But at the same time, no voltage will appear at the output of the transformer - neither DC nor AC! And if you remove the diodes, you won’t get anything, because in order for a transformer to be made from 12 V>220 V, you need to apply AC voltage to it!
Again, do not forget that our power supply (in appearance) is no more than 12W, which means its output power (in reverse mode) will not exceed 12W!
The author, as I understand it, does not understand the difference between conventional transformer power supplies and converters, but you need to understand that if the converter converts an alternating voltage of 220 V into a low direct voltage (for example, like computer power supplies), then they cannot be used to obtain an alternating voltage of 220 V from a low one constant voltage - only by “turning it on in reverse,” as the author naively believes. For these purposes, you can only use a converter that was originally created to convert from constant, low-voltage to alternating-mains power (such as a UPS for computers). And this is completely understandable to any radio engineer - since their circuit solutions (methods) for obtaining the required output voltages are different!

- Great thing

Advantages: helps you save money

Disadvantages: no

Unfortunately, in recent years, electricity prices have become incredible, so I am constantly thinking about how I can save money. For a very long time I bought all kinds of devices to save money, but it’s all complete nonsense, they don’t help at all. So I decided to surf the Internet a little and try to assemble this device myself with my own hands.

After I managed to assemble it and connected the device, I immediately began saving 5 kilowatts. There are no magical actions here, everything operates only due to the physical laws of the movement of electricity. I managed to save 40% in a month.

How to save energy

Lately, I very often began to come across advertisements on the Internet about a certain miracle device that can simply be plugged into an outlet, and it will provide 35 to 40 percent energy savings every month. And then one day I bought this product for $35, and for several months I could not find even a hint of savings. After some time, my friend and I decided to disassemble this device and see what was inside it. But it turned out that there was only a power supply circuit for the LEDs installed in the case, in short, it was a complete scam. After all this, I told my friend all my knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, and about which circuits really allow you to achieve savings. And then I started telling him that I also had experience making circuits for household needs for my home.

First of all, I would like to note that I did not manage to save money in this way, but instead I got an excellent device for suppressing all kinds of interference in home electrical wiring, as well as excellent lightning protection. All such devices actively use energy storage devices and condensates in their circuitry. It’s just worth noting that on sites on the Internet there are many erroneous schemes, during which a short circuit may occur, which may cause the device to catch fire. Moreover, every site claims that they managed to achieve 50% savings, but this makes it simply ridiculous, since this is simply impossible to achieve. New electric meters count energy completely differently, because of this, homemade circuits will not help at all, or even harm the device.

Now, on the Internet, a certain miracle device is being actively advertised, with the help of which you can save close to 30% of electricity with your own hands at home. This device has a lot of different names, for example, SmartBox, Energy Saver, Economych, etc. But the essence of them all is the same, you just plug it into the outlet and pay less on bills. If you believe the manufacturers' words, then these devices have filtering functions omeh, protection against lightning strikes, phase imbalance, and even convert reactive electrical energy into active energy. But, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to implement all this in one device today. Yes, and if we talk about industrial scale, then it will be possible to achieve savings of a maximum of 10-15 percent, and even using expensive and bulky devices.

Video review

All(5)

Resetting counter carrying DO80%MIM63A

Saving energy(electricity)

Legal energy savings with an electronic meter.

Load connection via capacitor Part 1

This subsection of the site will provide a description and schematic diagrams of simple devices for energy savings. The devices can be useful when using, for example, such frequently used household electrical appliances as a boiler, electric oven, electric kettle and others that consume large active power. Also, the devices can be useful when using not only heating electrical appliances, but also electronic devices, TV, computer, etc. The devices can be used with any electricity meters, including electronic ones, even those with a shunt or air transformer as a sensor.

The first of the devices is reactive power inverter it is simply inserted into a 220 V 50 Hz socket and the load is powered from it, while all electrical wiring remains intact. No grounding required. A reactive power inverter is a simple electronic device that converts reactive power into active (useful) power. The device is plugged into any outlet, and a powerful consumer (or group of consumers) is powered from it. It is made in such a way that the current it consumes is in phase ahead of the voltage (almost like in an ideal capacitor). Therefore, the meter treats the device as a capacitive load and does not take into account most of the actual energy consumed.

Second device - reverse power generator plugs into any outlet; no intervention in electrical wiring or grounding is needed. Consumers eat as usual and are not disturbed by the device. But the induction counter (with a disk) counts in the opposite direction, and the electronic and electronic-mechanical counters stop, which is also not bad. The device causes power to circulate in two directions through the meter. In the forward direction, due to high-frequency modulation of the current, partial metering is carried out, and in the reverse direction, complete metering is carried out. Therefore, the meter perceives the operation of the device as a source of energy that supplies the entire electrical network from your apartment. The counter counts in the opposite direction at a speed equal to the difference between full and partial metering. In this case, the electronic counter will be completely stopped.

Now a little about the legal side of the issue regarding the use of these devices. As for the reactive power inverter, everything depends on the agreement (document) between the consumer and the power grid, which is now signed by all legal and physical consumers of electricity. You need to read the contract carefully. If there is no phrase or sentence that says that the consumer is prohibited from using electrical devices that shift the phase between current and voltage more than a certain value or something like that (if there is, then who and how will measure this and it is unclear to check), then the conclusion arises that the use of this device is not a violation and, in general, the consumer has nothing to do with the imperfection of electric brushes that do not want to take into account reactive power. But in practice, it will be costly to come into conflict with power grids. Therefore, whether to use this device or not is all individual. As for the reverse power generator, its efficiency in terms of saving electricity is higher than that of a reactive power inverter, but most likely its use will be considered a violation. Therefore, to apply or not to apply this is also all individual.

Energy conservation is becoming an increasingly pressing issue. First of all, the need to solve it is evidenced by utility bills, which are growing every year. Payment for electricity is gradually becoming not the smallest item in the family budget. Turning off the boiler, sitting without light in the dark and reducing the heat of the furnace coil are half measures that will not bring the expected effect. The benefits of civilization must be used, but done correctly. The problem of saving electricity in apartments and houses needs to be solved globally and comprehensively. The initial investment will pay off over time, which will bring tangible financial relief.

Reasons to save energy

Saving electricity reduces the risk of accidents at substations

Deciding to save energy by any means will help not only reduce the financial burden of paying monthly bills. It should be remembered: the more power consumers absorb, the greater the burden falls on the city and the country as a whole.

Competent and legal saving of electricity in an apartment has the following effects:

• Reducing the level of toxic emissions into the atmosphere. Improving the environment, cleanliness of air, soil and water bodies.
• Reducing the risk of accidents at power plants associated with operating at maximum capacity.
• Saving natural resources, which are spent in huge quantities on thermal power plants that provide energy to populated areas.
• Creating a comfortable indoor environment. This refers to the illumination and the absence of the harmful electromagnetic field that some low-quality household appliances create.
• Development of new technologies, reduction of energy intensity of production, and therefore the price of products, their competitiveness on the world market. All this leads to an increase in the well-being of the population.
• Extending the service life of transformer substations, power lines and internal communications. Increased load leads to accelerated wear of equipment.

Saving electricity eliminates the possibility of being left without electricity due to a line breakdown at the scale of an apartment, house or settlement.

Correct use of electrical appliances

Housing is often overcrowded with a huge number of energy consumers. You can save on electricity not only by reducing the intensity of their operation, but also by choosing the right operating modes.

1. Washing machine. To wash bed linen and lightly soiled clothes, 20-30 minutes are enough. The use of modes for 1-3 hours is accompanied by unreasonable overspending.
2. Heating. To properly heat a room during the cold season, heaters with a power of 1-2 kW are used. During the day, consumption will be up to 48 kW. It is enough to dress warmly and reduce the power by half.
3. Plate. If there is poor contact between the inverter and the cookware, food will take much longer to cook, resulting in increased energy consumption.
4. Dishwasher. You should set the economy mode, which consumes only 1 kW per cycle.
5. Kettle. There is no point in heating 2 liters if the water will cool down by the next tea party. You need to pour as little as possible.

We should not forget about small consumers: chargers and electronic devices operating in standby mode. In a day they can add up to 2 kW to the meter.

Advantages of energy-saving household appliances

A real way to save energy is to use economy-class household appliances. Initial investments will give a long-term positive effect over time.

Examples of such equipment:

1. Computer. Power supplies together with video cards and a monitor can absorb up to 1 kW/h. You should either disable some functions or purchase products with an economy mode. Modern laptops are the best choice. With greater capabilities, they consume no more than 100 W/h.
2. TVs with satellite set-top boxes. Enabling the economy mode allows you to reduce current consumption by 3 times.
3. Printing devices. They are used periodically, but are not removed from the network. If you buy a device with an energy saving function, the effect will be up to 500 kW per year.
4. Washing machine. The main consumer is the heating element. Products with an ultrasonic bath consume 80% less current.
5. Vacuum cleaner. Modern devices are equipped with a contamination sensor, which reduces operating efficiency and increases its duration.
6. Air conditioner. Energy saving is achieved by installing advanced compressors in modern models, reducing consumption by 40-50%.

It is worth paying attention to kitchen equipment. You can find efficient stoves, hoods and water heaters on sale.

Equipping electrical appliances without an auto-shutdown function with external time relays

Time relay saves energy

Even if devices have such a function, it is activated very rarely. If devices cannot switch off automatically, they can be equipped with external time relays. Such modifications should be made to the air conditioner, room heater, heated towel rail, stove and floor fireplace. If necessary, a timer is installed on the computer system unit.

Such devices provide the following advantages:

• switching on and off exactly in the set time corridor;
• operation of devices only when required;
• preventing burnout of devices due to overheating;
• creating comfortable psychological conditions, since a person does not need to worry about his household appliances;
• significant reduction in electrical current consumption.

One such device will provide significant assistance in the fight to reduce utility bills.

Advantages of a two-tariff meter

An individual single-phase two-tariff meter takes into account current consumption at different prices depending on the time of day. In the period from 23.00 to 07.00, the cost of services is reduced by 50%. At this time, powerful consumers are started: water heaters, ovens, dishwashers and washing machines. Some people who normally tolerate being awake at night work on the computer and clean the apartment with a vacuum cleaner.

The advantages of using such a device are obvious:

• reducing the financial burden of payments;
• reducing the load on home and city communications;
• taking energy at a time when power plants are in dire need of releasing it.

The cost of a two-tariff meter and its installation is quite significant. But taking into account the current tariffs, it pays for itself within a year, then brings a significant profit.

Saving electricity through heat saving

This direction is relevant for objects with central and autonomous heating, since the power of heating devices directly depends on the quality of insulation of real estate objects. The less heat loss, the lower the intensity of the heaters.

You can insulate a room in the following ways:

• sealing cracks in walls, windows and doors;
• installation of modern doors with foam or basalt filling;
• installation of double-glazed windows with energy-saving glass;
• finishing the facade with polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polyurethane foam;
• gluing a reflective screen behind the radiators.

If the issue of combating heat loss is approached comprehensively, current consumption for home heating can be reduced by 30-50%.

Saving electricity on lighting

The easiest way to save energy is to install LED lamps. These products are characterized by low power with high brightness, soft glow and long service life. Mass production of such lamps led to a significant reduction in retail prices, making them available for purchase in large quantities.

Another saving measure is to turn off the lighting when it is no longer needed. Even one lamp left on in the bathroom will consume 100 W or more per night. You should make it a habit to check the light before going to bed and leaving the room.

Another condition that affects the quality and operating time of lighting is the cleanliness of lamps and shades. Vapors and dust deposited on them reduce the efficiency of the devices by 20-25%. Contamination must be removed in a timely manner; it will not take much time and effort.

Sockets, extension cords with socket block and surge protectors with switches

Old wiring, switches and sockets cause increased current consumption and pose a fire hazard. Due to poor contacts and insufficient cross-section of the cable cores, the network overheats, the current parameters are disrupted, which leads to incorrect operation of the devices and devices connected to it. This causes increased energy consumption and is one of the prerequisites for costly equipment breakdowns.

To protect yourself from such troubles, you should do the following:

• change the wiring;
• install new sockets with built-in stabilizers and relays;
• purchase surge protectors with switches.

The use of extension cords with multiple sockets allows you to reduce the number of cables in the room. The presence of a switch makes it possible with one movement to de-energize and then activate several devices operating in standby mode at once. This is one of the conditions for saving energy in an apartment.

The presence of pulse and linear fuses prevents household appliances from burning out during power surges. Built-in stabilizers convert the current within the specified parameters, which ensures stable operation of the devices in normal mode. This also helps reduce energy consumption.

Devices for saving energy

A legal energy saving device is a portable device that plugs into any empty outlet. Models from well-known manufacturers help save up to 50% of consumed electricity. In this case, the efficiency of the device increases as the load increases. The purpose of the device is to compensate for reactive energy, which overloads the line and creates an electromagnetic field harmful to human health.

Product functions:

• Line noise filtering;
• phase alignment;
• lightning protection;
• stabilization of current parameters;
• extending the service life of household appliances;
• saving electricity.

The device is designed for a total consumer power of up to 20 kW, so it can be installed in a private house and multi-room apartment with a large number of electrical appliances. Payback occurs after 3-4 months of operation. The best proven products are those produced by Smartbox, Pover Saver, Energy Saver, Powersave, Berbox and Saving-box.

A self-made device for saving is not considered illegal, since the line is not laid to bypass the meter, and the meter does not have any influence. Any connections to the socket are the legal right of the property owner.

The product diagram consists of the following parts:

1. Plastic housing.
2. Standard plug.
3. A board on which a diode bridge and a smoothing capacitor with a power of 5.2 microfarads are placed.
4. LED indicating the functionality of the device.

When plugged into a socket, the device reduces the amplitude of the current and the magnitude of the pulses in the network.

Efficient energy saver

(really working, complete instructions, unique material!)

Instructions for assembling and setting up the device

for unmetered electricity consumption

1. Background. Brief overview of versions
2. Detailed description of the circuit and principle of operation
3. Details and design
4. Assembly and adjustment instructions

Background. Brief overview of versions.

The idea of ​​​​creating such a device arose back in 1998, after the famous “Default”, when it became a luxury for the common man to warm up in the cold season. That is, the heating networks were working, but they were of little use, and the price of electricity was growing rapidly, outstripping wages. That’s when the demand for all sorts of “rewinds” appeared. At that time, the most popular way was the transformer method to rewind the meter, but it required intervention in the metering circuit (it was necessary to change the phase and zero at the meter input or take the phase wire before metering). It used to be simpler - just open it up, change the ends, and rewind it back. An inspector will come with a brick face: like, it’s not me, I don’t know, etc. And not every inspector climbed there. Times have changed, energy supervision has become more picky, and now there is a fine for breaking a seal. And if he finds an unmetered socket in the house, since a lot of devices have been invented to search for such, it won’t be enough.

In the early 2000s, the first circuit for electronic counter rewinding appeared on the Internet. Then they asked for the scheme from 50 to 150 US dollars. The whole laboratory thought about it, chipped in and had a blast. I even opened an account on WebMoney. The kit included three circuits - one for unwinding, two for the “heating” method. We studied the diagrams for a long time, expressed our thoughts, and...

The principle of operation was based on the fact that in the first and fourth quarters of the mains voltage period the storage capacitor was charged with a high-frequency current, and in the second and fourth quarters it was stupidly discharged back into the network. The author argued that the high-frequency load, they say, is not noticeable to the meter. A polar electrolytic capacitor was used as a storage capacitor. In general, when turned on for the first time, this same capacitor swelled, if not for the reaction of one person, someone could have been left without a hook. Again we chipped in and bought a non-polar battery. Turned it on. It worked. That is, not really. The oscillograms coincided with the original ones, although the current it consumed was not small, with a total capacity of 200 μF, the ammeter showed almost 10 amperes. The transistors (KT848A) were boiling. OK. The first person to take the device for home testing was our manager. department. The next day he solemnly announced - it doesn’t rewind ANYTHING! True, the meter doesn’t put much load on it, but the wires heat up. After each of us carried this miracle with a lady, we chipped in once again and also bought a counter. We tried other schemes - the result was the same. We played with frequency, duty cycle, charge-discharge phase, in short with all the parameters that can be adjusted. There was no result, or rather there was - the mountains of burnt radio elements were replenished. The case was abandoned.

We remembered with the appearance of other schemes on the Internet and the appearance of new young fighters in our team. They downloaded everything, but in the archives it was either the same thing or “improved, improved”, but the principle remained the same - the mountains, albeit with more modern elements, grew.

There were even paid archives and volunteers who sent CMC, and then bit themselves by the elbows.

Now let's get down to business. In circuits with a storage capacitor, the capacitor itself is a load, because it is charged at an increasing quarter of the period; in order to turn the counter disk back, it must be charged at least to a voltage higher than the mains voltage. What if we use chokes for the same purpose? An interesting idea, and it came from one of our new electric fuckers. True, it turned out to be technically more difficult to implement the discharge of an inductor into a meter than a capacitor. After the current stops, the inductance can, under certain conditions, release even more energy than the accumulated energy, but in reverse polarity.

The first workable circuit was born in November 2009. In the circuit, the inductor operated at a frequency of 100 Hz. That is, as in the capacitor version, the first quarter of the period is energy accumulation, then the second quarter is discharged into the network through switches. True, it saved 70-75 percent of the load power. The third and fourth are similar, only on a different half-wave. Everything would be fine, but the dimensions of the device for a kilowatt load were very cumbersome. The choke was wound on iron from a kilowatt transformer from a welding machine. The design was not in demand among the people, so developments were carried out in the direction of reducing dimensions and cost.

The second stage was the movement of the operating frequency towards several kilohertz, with modulation at double the network frequency. By the way, the oscillograms on the website correspond exactly to this diagram. The choke was wound on permalloy cores. The principle remained the same, except that energy was transferred to the inductor and back several hundred times per period. The scheme has gained popularity among manufacturers. But permalloy is a rather exclusive rare material, and its reserves in our depths turned out to be too fossilized. And the increased sensitivity to the power-inductance ratio of the inductor makes it narrowly targeted. Although.... People built it into electric boilers, electric stoves.... This is March 2010.

Then the question became: either reduce the dimensions or reduce the cost of production. In September 2010, another idea was born. Why synchronize all this with the network at all? Developments have gone in two directions: increasing frequency or using available materials. The circuits of both devices are the same, the only differences are in the operating frequency, winding data and the ratings of some elements. It is these two options that form the basis of this document. And in November 2010, one of our customers also offered protection against overcurrent and overvoltage.

List of archive files:

ec2.pdf - the actual diagram;
readme.pdf - description and everything about assembly and configuration;
calc103 - program for calculating a choke on ferrite;
parametry diodov i tranzistorov.zip - here you can choose transistors and diodes for yourself;
RadioAmCalc 1.17.zip - a program for calculating the throttle on hardware;
read_me.txt - this file.