(cinnamon rose)
Rosa cinnamomea L.
Family Rosaceae
Other types: rosehip needle (rosa needle) [ Rosa acicularis Linde.], dog rose (dog rose) [ Rosa cani-na L.], Daurian rose hips (Dahurian rose) [ Rosa dahurica Pall.].
English: Cinnamon Rose
Description:
A shrub 100-150 cm high, with red-brown shiny branches, curved downward thorns, located in pairs at the base of the leaf petiole. Leafy shoots also have thin straight spines. The leaves are imparipinnately compound, with ovate-lanceolate acute stipules. Leaflets 5-7 pairs; they are oblong-oval, serrated, grayish below. The flowers are solitary, pink or dark red, with many stamens and pistils. The false fruit is berry-shaped, spherical or elliptical, orange-red, soft, sweet and sour. Cinnamon rose hips are characterized by whole, upward-pointing sepals that remain with the fruit. Blooms in May - August.
It grows in river floodplains, meadows, among bushes and in forest glades, edges and ravines in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, Western Siberia and Kazakhstan.
Collection and preparation
Flowers, fruits, leaves and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Rose hips are used as a source of vitamins for the preparation of dietary drinks, infusions, decoctions, concentrates, and also serve as raw materials for the production of ascorbic acid, but currently ascorbic acid is obtained mainly synthetically.
Flowers and leaves are collected during flowering and air-dried in the shade. The petals are stored in a closed glass jar in a dark place. But you can also sugar them. They are placed in a glass jar in layers of 2-3 cm, covering each new layer with sugar. After 3 days, when the petals settle, sugar is added to the top of the jar to the brim, and after another 3 days, when the sugar turns pink, you can drink tea and coffee with it, or add it to compotes.
Rose hips begin to be collected from the end of August until frost in a ripe state, when they become bright red and soft and contain the greatest amount of vitamin C. They need to be peeled from the stalks, rinsed with water and dried in a low-heat oven for no more than 0.5 hours, and then dry it completely, scattered on a wooden wire rack covered with paper. Rose hips should not be dried in the sun. The fact that the fruits are dried correctly can be judged by the fact that in the hands they do not crumble into powder, but break apart. They should also retain the orange or red color of fresh fruit.
Rosehip roots are dug up in late autumn, cleared of soil, and air dried. The shelf life of roots and fruits is up to 2 years, flowers and leaves - 1 year.
Store in closed wooden containers, in cloth bags or bags. Powdered rose hips are stored in glass jars.
Chemical composition of rose hips
In the dry pulp of the cinnamon rose fruit, 23.9% sugars were found, of which 18.5% invert sugar; raw fiber 12.5%, pectin 3.7-14%, raw ash 6.4%; total acidity 2.8%. Malic and citric acids, potassium salts 23 mg/%, sodium - 5 mg/%, calcium - 26 mg/%, magnesium - 8 mg/%, phosphorus - 8 mg/%, iron - 11.5 mg/% were found.
Rosehip is the richest plant in vitamins. The average content of ascorbic acid in fruits supplied to factories is 1200-1500 mg/%.
Rose hips contain flavonoid substances, cahetins, tannins, pigments lycopene and rubixanthin, etc., microelements: potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus. The total content of tannins in dry fruits is 4.6%, the total content of anthocyanin substances is 45 mg/%. Fatty oil was found in the seeds, tannins were found in the roots and leaves.
Pharmacological properties of rose hips
The action of rosehip is mainly associated with ascorbic acid, which has restorative properties. It is involved in the regulation of redox processes occurring in the tissues of the body, carbohydrate metabolism, blood clotting, in the formation of steroid hormones, participates in the synthesis of collagen, and in the regulation of capillary permeability.
Ascorbic acid, used in normal doses, is harmless, but in large doses it causes phenomena and suppresses the body's resistance, reducing the phagocytic activity of leukocytes.
Use of rose hips in medicine
Rose hips are used in medicine mainly as an antiscorbutic remedy for vitamin C deficiency. At the same time, rose hips are prescribed as a remedy.
Ascorbic acid is used for preventive and therapeutic purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its deficiency: for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, with hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), with radiation sickness accompanied by hemorrhages, with overdose of anticoagulants, in case of infectious diseases, liver diseases, Addison's disease, long-term non-healing ulcers and wounds, bone fractures, intoxication with industrial poisons and in many other cases.
In recent years, ascorbic acid has been used as an antisclerotic agent. There are reports that under the influence of ascorbic acid in patients with coronary artery disease.
Rosehip is also used as a choleretic agent for hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially those associated with decreased bile secretion.
Rose hips are significantly superior to other plants in terms of quantitative content and variety of vitamins. A water infusion of fruits increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases, slows down the development of atherosclerosis, has a general strengthening and tonic effect, increases the secretion of bile, stimulates the function of the gonads, weakens and stops bleeding, reduces the permeability and fragility of blood vessels, enhances the regeneration processes of soft and bone tissues, accelerates wound healing, helps with burns and frostbite. The pulp of the fruit has a slight laxative effect. Rosehip seeds, located inside the fruit, have choleretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects. A decoction of the roots has astringent, choleretic and antiseptic properties. An aqueous infusion of the leaves has antimicrobial and antimicrobial properties and is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Rosehip medicinal preparations
Rosehip infusion
An infusion can be prepared from rose hips as follows: one tbsp. l. (20 g) of unpeeled rosehips are crushed, placed in a porcelain or enamel bowl, poured with 2 cups of boiling water, covered and placed in a boiling water bath, stirring frequently. After 15 minutes, remove and leave for 24 hours, then filter, drink 1/4-1/2 cup 2 times a day before meals for anemia and especially for general loss of strength and weakness after serious illnesses, as well as for atherosclerosis, hemophilia, uterine bleeding, stomach and intestinal ulcers, stomach catarrh with low acidity of gastric juice, diseases of the liver, kidneys and bladder, kidney stones, colds, cough and vitamin deficiency;
Rosehip decoction
2 tbsp. l. chopped rosehip roots in 500 ml of water, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 2 hours, filter. Take 200 ml 4-6 times a day before meals for malaria and as a good remedy for crushing and dissolving stones for kidney stones. The decoction is used for baths for paralysis and “weakness” of the legs. A decoction of dried fruits is used for baths for rheumatism.
Rosehip root decoction
Brew 40 g of dried crushed roots with 1 cup of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 20-30 minutes, leave for 5 hours, strain. Drink 200 ml 3 times a day for 7-10 days for liver disease, kidney stones, hypertension, bladder inflammation, paralysis. Take baths for paresis and paralysis of the lower extremities.
Decoction of rose hip petals
Brew 100 g of flowers with 1 glass of boiling water, leave overnight in a thermos, strain. Drink 50 ml 2-3 times a day for hypovitaminosis, colds, and general weakness.
Decoction of rosehip seeds
Brew 10 g of powder (1 tsp) from the seeds with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for kidney stones and diarrhea.
Seed oil lubricate wounds, ulcers, bedsores, burns, cracked nipples, inflamed gums.
Rose hips are included in multivitamin preparations. From them the drug holosas is produced, used as a choleretic agent for liver diseases, cholecystitis and hepatitis.
In Tibetan medicine, rose hips are used for pulmonary tuberculosis, atherosclerosis and neurasthenia.
Rose hips are used in the confectionery industry. Liqueurs are made from rosehip and rose petals.
Contraindications
Long-term use of large doses of ascorbic acid can lead to inhibition of the insulin-producing function of the pancreas. Therefore, when prescribing large doses or long-term use of ascorbic acid, it is recommended to control the content.
When prescribing ascorbic acid, it is necessary to take into account its ability to stimulate adrenal function and contribute to the excessive formation of corticosteroids, which under certain conditions can cause disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism.
Contraindications to the use of ascorbic acid are thrombophlebitis and other diseases accompanied by a tendency to form blood clots.
Use of rose hips on the farm
You can make jam or marmalade from fresh rose hips. The processed (without seeds) fruits are poured with hot syrup, the juice of 1 lemon is added and boiled, skimming off the foam, until the fruits sink to the bottom. Then the fruits are transferred to glass jars, the syrup is boiled until it thickens, and the rosehip is poured over it. It’s better to roll up the cans right away. For 1 kg of rose hips you need to take 1 kg of sugar and 2-3 glasses of water.
To make jam, add 1 glass of water to the peeled fruits and cook until they become soft. Rub them through a sieve, add sugar, then bring the resulting mass to a boil, pour into jars and roll up. For 1 kg of peeled rose hips you need to take 3 cups of sugar.
You can also prepare rosehip juice and pulp for the winter. The fruits, cleared of hairs and seeds, are boiled, ground through a sieve, water and honey are added instead of sugar, brought to a boil, poured into jars and rolled up. For 1 kg of fruit you need 2 liters of water and 700 g of honey.
Photos and illustrations:
Application
Medicinal use
Collection and processing of medicinal raw materials
Fruits and roots are used as medicinal raw materials. Rose hips are collected at the end of August and September (before frost), when they turn red, the roots - in autumn and early spring.
Medicinal properties
Rosehip is a strong multivitamin that has anti-inflammatory, anti-sclerosis, hemostatic and healing effects.
Recipes for various diseases
AVITAMINOSIS
Rinse 20 g of dried rose hips in cold water, pour in 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil in a water bath with the lid closed for 10 minutes, leave overnight in a thermos and strain. You can add sugar or honey to the resulting broth to taste. Drink 1/2 glass 3 times a day. Store in a cool place for no more than 2 days. A decoction of rose hips increases endurance and speeds up recovery processes after all kinds of stress. Helps as a restorative agent after diseases of the biliary tract and liver. Improves digestion and has a beneficial effect on the body in case of some gastric diseases.
HYPERTENSION
Pour 1 tablespoon of rose hips into 3 glasses of water, boil 2 times and let steam for 3 hours. Drink as tea throughout the day. Do not drink any more liquid. The course of treatment is 1.5 months.
FLU
Pour 1 tablespoon of rose hips with 2 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes under the lid, remove from heat and leave for 1 day, squeeze, strain. Take 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day before meals as a preventive measure during an epidemic.
Pour 5 tablespoons of crushed rose hips into 1 liter of cold water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for 8 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup in the morning every 2 hours.
GASTROINTESTINAL
DISEASES
Pour 2 tablespoons of crushed rosehip roots into 2 glasses of water, bring to a boil, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 2 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup 4 times a day before meals.
CONJUNCTIVITIS, BLEPHARITIS
Pour 10 g of rosehip flowers into 1 glass of water, bring to a boil, boil for 15-20 minutes, leave, strain. Use as an eye wash.
UROLITHIASIS DISEASE
Pour 1 tablespoon of rose hips into 2 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for 24 hours in a sealed container in a dark place, strain. Take 1/2 cup 2 times a day before meals.
Pour 1 teaspoon of crushed rosehip seeds into 1 cup of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. Leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 1/2 glass 4 times a day before meals.
WEAKENED IMMUNITY
Drink rosehip tea daily. This is a good stimulant for strengthening the immune system.
GOUT
Pour 1.5 cups of rosehip roots into 1.5 cups of vodka and leave for 10 days. Take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day.
CYSTITIS,
UROLITHIASIS DISEASE
Pour 2 tablespoons of crushed rosehip roots with a glass of boiling water, boil for 15 minutes over low heat, leave for 2 hours, strain. Drink 1/4 glass 4 times a day before meals.
Pour 1 teaspoon of flowers and 1 teaspoon of rose hips with 1 glass of boiling water, put on fire and evaporate for 2 hours. Take daily as a tea, adding honey to taste.
Contraindications
By Medicinal plants. Encyclopedia
Rosa cinnamomea L.
Russian names: May rose hips, cinnamon rose, rose hips, shipshi-na, rooster berries, sworoborina.
Belarusian: shypshina karychnaya,
Shypoushk, rouzha, mug.
Ukrainian: shipshina cinnamon, shyupshina.
A thorny shrub of the Rosaceae family, up to 2 m high. The branches are thin, shiny, brown-red, with a few small, somewhat curved thorns, usually sitting in 2 at the base of the leaves. The leaves are imparipinnate, consisting of 7-9 oblong-elliptic or ovate, serrated leaflets along the edges, covered with bluish-green hairs on top. Flowers solitary or 2-3. Corolla with five pink or dark red petals. Stamens and pistils are numerous. The fruits (hypanthia) are spherical or ovoid, smooth, glabrous, orange or red, fleshy, containing numerous fruitlets (nuts). The inner walls of the fruit are covered with hairs; the sepals remain at the top of the fruit. It blooms from May to July, the fruits ripen in August - September, remaining on the branches until winter. Rose hips bear fruit from the age of 2-3 years; the plants produce the greatest harvest at the age of 10-12 years. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively (sprouts and green cuttings). The age of individual plants reaches 400 years. Distributed throughout almost the entire territory of the CIS, with the exception of the Black Sea region and Crimea. It grows in sparse forests, along the edges, among bushes, in ravines, meadows, most often along river floodplains.
For many peoples, rose hips are a favorite household, ritual and sacred plant: garlands were woven from its flowers for brides, poets, heroes and rulers, women and girls decorated themselves with beads from bright fruits, it was an attribute of public events and funeral ceremonies. The ancient Romans considered it a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, and decorated the path of the newlyweds with pink petals.
Among the Slavic peoples, rose hips are a symbol of beauty, youth, and love. At the same time, it symbolizes a strong masculine stature. In the Moscow state, the Apothecary Order, organized in the 17th century, was one of the first to include “sworoborin fruits” in the state procurement plan. To prepare it, expeditions were sent to the Orenburg steppes. To maintain strength, exhausted sick and wounded people were given “molasses,” and the wounds themselves were washed and bandages soaked in rose water were applied.
Collection and drying of raw materials.The medicinal raw materials are rose hips. The fruits are collected in August - September, when they acquire an orange-red or red color, but are still a little unripe, hard and do not require special care when collecting. The collection must be completed before the onset of frost, since fruits touched by frost lose a large amount of vitamins during drying. The fruits are collected by hand in baskets or buckets. They can be stored for no more than 3-4 days. After collection, they must be dried. You can dry it in the sun or in attics with good ventilation, spreading it in a thin layer, but it is better in dryers at a temperature of 80-90 ° C (at this temperature the loss of vitamins is negligible). The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years. The raw material has no odor, the taste is sweet and sour, slightly astringent.
Flowers and leaves are collected during flowering and air dried. The roots are dug up in late autumn, cleared of soil, and air dried. Shelf life of roots is 2 years, flowers are 1 year.
To obtain rosehip oil, the fruits (nuts) are also harvested separately.
Other types of rose hips are allowed to be used as vitamin raw materials: needle hips (Rosa acicularis Lindl.) differs from cinnamon rose hips by the presence of straight or slightly curved spines; Daurian rosehip (Rosa davurica Pall.) has brown or black-purple bark; Begger's rose hips (Rosa beggerana Schrenk.) differs from cinnamon rose hips in almost erect slender branches, white petals and small spherical fruits; Fedtschenko's rose hip (Rosa Fedtschenkoana Regel) differs from cinnamon rose hips in large white, less often pink, flowers and very large fruits; wrinkled rose hips (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) are distinguished by the presence of numerous straight, unequal-length spines with an admixture of needle-shaped spines or bristles, dark crimson petals, large spherical or flattened-spherical bright red fruits. Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is used for the production of choleretic drugs ("Holosas"). Young shoots of dog rose are strongly curved, the bark is greenish or reddish-brown in color without a bluish bloom. The sepals are pinnately dissected, after flowering they bend down and fall off long before the fruits ripen, so they do not have a hole at the top, which is a characteristic difference from other types of rose hips.
Rose hips are common in the north of the European part of Russia and Siberia; Daurian and Fedchenko - in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk and Chita regions and in the Far East; Begger - in Central Asia and Kazakhstan; wrinkled - in the Far East; canine - especially common in the southern regions of Ukraine, Moldova, and the Caucasus.
Chemical composition.Rose hips contain cinnamon. contains: ascorbic acid (5-18%), carotene, vitamins Bi, Br, K, P, PP, sugars (up to 24%), pectic substances (up to 4%), citric and malic acids (up to 2%), essential oil, salts of iron, potassium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium; in the seeds - fatty oil (consists of linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic, stearic acids), rich in carotene and vitamin E. In the leaves - ascorbic acid (up to 1.5%). Leaves, branches and roots contain tannins (up to 4.5%).
Rosehip is a champion in vitamins, as it has no equal among fruit and berry plants in terms of vitamin P content. Ascorbic acid in its fruits is 10 times more than in black currants, 50 times more than in lemon, and 100 times more more than in apples. The maximum content of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and carotene is observed in mature orange-red, but hard rose hips.
Pharmacological properties.The pharmacological activity of rose hips depends mainly on the content of the vitamin complex in the plant. Ascorbic acid essentially determines the biological activity of plant fruits. Rose hips and medicinal preparations made from them have an antiscorbutic effect, significantly increase redox processes in the body, since ascorbic and dehydroacorbic acids participate in the oxidative deamination of aromatic amino acids, activate a number of enzyme systems, stabilize the content of adrenaline and other catecholamines, stimulate the body's resistance to harmful environmental influences, infections and other unfavorable factors. In addition, ascorbic acid has an anti-sclerotic effect, manifested in reducing the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and inhibiting the deposition of atheromatous masses in the walls of blood vessels. Rose hips enhance tissue regeneration, hormone synthesis, and have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and the permeability of vascular walls. Rosehip oil, obtained from seeds, in an experiment reduces gastric secretion and acidity of gastric juice. In addition, it has antiulcer activity.
Application in medicine.Roots. The decoction is astringent and antiseptic; for diarrhea, dyspepsia, cystitis, hypertension, intermittent fever, heart disease; externally (baths) - for rheumatism and paralysis.
Branches. The decoction is like an astringent; for diarrhea, dyspepsia, colic, rheumatism, radiculitis.
Flowers. Infusion (lotions) - for conjunctivitis; as an anti-inflammatory and sedative. A decoction of the petals - for hypovitaminosis, colds, general weakness; with honey - for erysipelas.
Fruit. They are included in the anti-asthmatic medicines of Traskova, “Holosasa”, “Karotolin”. The fortified syrup contains a large amount of magnesium; it is recommended for patients with thrombosis, hypertension and salt metabolism disorders. The preparations "Carotolin" and "Rosehip Oil" exhibit biological activity characteristic of vitamins A, E and F, and are used for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, peptic ulcers, trophic ulcers, and gynecological diseases. The fruits are used as an additional source of iron for iron deficiency and other anemias. Rosehip preparations are prescribed for chronic and acute infections, nephritis, for patients in the preoperative period and after surgery, for injuries, chronic and acute pneumonia, for vascular diseases of the brain, for eye diseases accompanied by minor hemorrhages. In folk medicine, infusion
For hypovitaminosis and as a choleretic, restorative and adaptogenic; for infectious diseases, bone fractures, wounds, anemia, asthenia, metrorrhagia, burns, frostbite, to enhance potency, improve sleep, for anorexia, treatment of chronic anacid and achilic gastritis; decoction
For colds, kidney diseases, bladder diseases, urolithiasis, headaches. The fruits are included in vitamin and stomach preparations. It is often combined with the fruits of black currant, rowan, and lingonberry, which contain the P-vitamin complex, in the presence of which the therapeutic effect of rose hips is enhanced. Rosehip is used in preparations for vitamin-oxygen cocktails used for gastrointestinal diseases.
Seeds. Fatty oil - for the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis (enemas), dermatoses; externally - for trophic ulcers of the lower leg, bedsores, cracked nipples, abrasions. In folk medicine, the decoction is used as a diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, and astringent.
Dosage forms, route of administration and doses.Infusion of rose hips (Infusum fructuum Rosae): 10 g (1 tablespoon) of the raw material is placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, cover with a lid and heat in boiling water (in a water bath) for 15 minutes, cool at room temperature for 45 minutes, strain. The remaining raw materials are squeezed out. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted to 200 ml with boiled water. The prepared infusion is stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. Take 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day after meals as a vitamin supplement.
Holosasum. Syrup prepared from a condensed aqueous extract of dog rose hips and sugar. Thick, syrupy liquid of dark brown color, sweet and sour taste, peculiar odor. Prescribed for cholecystitis, hepatitis, 1 teaspoon per dose 2-3 times a day, for children - 1/4 teaspoon 2-3 times a day. Holosas has choleretic and hypolipidemic properties. Store in a cool, dry place. Available in 250 ml bottles.
Carotolinum is an oily extract from rose hips. Contains carotenoids, tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids. This is an orange liquid with a specific smell and taste. The content of carotenoids in terms of carotene is not less than 120 mg%. Available in 100 ml bottles. Used as an external wound-healing agent for trophic ulcers, eczema, erythroderma and diseases accompanied by hypotrophy of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as for the prevention and treatment of radiation injuries in patients receiving radiotherapy (3-4 applications on the irradiated area of the skin).
Rosehip oil (Oleum Rosae) is an oily liquid of brown color with a green tint, bitter taste and specific odor. Contains tocopherols not less than 40 mg%, carotenoids not less than 55 mg%. Store in a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 20 °C. Available in 100 ml bottles. Apply externally. Rosehip oil and carotolin are used for rhinitis and pharyngitis in the form of daily lubrication of the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx or in the form of inhalations. For ozena, a cotton swab with rosehip oil is inserted into the nasal cavity for 20-30 minutes.
Syrup from rose hips (Sirupus ex frutibus Rosae) is produced by the medical industry with an ascorbic acid content of 5 mg per 1 ml.
* Decoction of rosehip roots: 40 g of crushed dried raw materials, pour 200 ml of water, boil for 15-30 minutes, leave for 5 hours, then filter. Take 1 glass 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.
* Decoction of rose hip petals: 100 g of raw material is poured into 200 ml of water, boiled for 30 minutes, left for 6 hours, then filtered. Take 1/4 cup 2-3 times a day.
* Decoction of rosehip achenes: 10 g of powder from rosehip achenes is poured into 200 ml of water, boiled, left for 2 hours, then filtered. Take 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day.
CONTRAINDICATIONS AND POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS: thrombophlebitis, endocarditis and circulatory failure. After taking rosehip infusion, be sure to rinse your mouth with warm water or warm soda water, since the acids contained in the infusion corrode tooth enamel.
Application in other areas.Young branches can be used for food. The bark of the branches produces a brown color. The flowers can be used to make jam and are also suitable for flavoring tea. Vitamin extracts from the fruit are suitable for the production of caramel fillings, ketchup, ice cream, and jelly. Rosehip infusion is added to the dough to enrich bread with ascorbic acid, folacin, mineral salts, and improve the organoleptic properties of baked bread. Thanks to rose hips, the porosity of bread, its elasticity, the quality of the crust increase, the taste and aroma improves, and the bread becomes stale more slowly. The fruits can be used for jam, jelly, marshmallows, jam, as a tea substitute, and also to give wines a spicy taste and aroma. The fruits produce a beautiful orange dye for fabrics and wool, while the roots and galls produce a brown dye for fabrics. Rosehip galls are suitable as a tanning agent. Seeds
Coffee surrogate. Honey plant. Decorative. Cultivated, there are varieties. Fruit yield in cultivation is up to 3 t/ha.
Elements of agricultural cultivation technology.The plant requires light and humus-rich soil, pH
5.5-6.5, develops well on chernozems, loamy and sandy loam soils. Drained, leveled areas without close groundwater should be allocated for rose hips. When growing plants on acidic soils, liming with slaked lime is necessary at the rate of 300-800 g per 1 m2. The plots must be provided with watering. It is better to plant plants in plots and gardens from autumn until the soil freezes or in early spring before buds open in rows at a distance of 1.5 m from each other; the distance between the rows is 3 m. Planting holes 40 cm deep and 40-60 cm in diameter are filled with a nutrient mixture consisting of 10-15 kg of humus (compost), 200 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium salt, 70 g of ammonium nitrate. Fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with the soil and the seedling is planted in a planting hole so that the root collar after watering (4-5 liters of water per bush) is at soil level. Then mulch with peat and sawdust. Before planting, the shoots are cut into 2-3 buds (10 cm); the roots are immersed in a clay mash, preferably with heteroauxin (100 mg per 10 liters of water). Then the seedlings are placed in a hole, the roots are spread around the circumference, covered with earth and compacted.
For better pollination and increased yield, 1-2 rosehip bushes of a different variety are planted every 3-4 plants. When planting in autumn, the plants are earthed up before winter, and then in the spring, immediately after frost, they are unearthed.
Plant care comes down to keeping the tree trunks loose and free from weeds, annual feeding consisting (per 1 m2) of 1-1.5 kg of organic matter, 200-300 g of superphosphate, 100-150 g of potassium salt, 100-200 g of ammonium nitrate. Instead of the mixture, you can add 300-350 g of nitrophoska.
The fruit yield per bush is 1-4 kg. Currently, the most common varieties are: Vitamin VNIVI, Yubileiny, Krupnoplodny VNIVI, Besshipny VNIVI, Vorontsovsky - 1, Vorontsovsky - 2, Vorontsovsky - 3, Late-ripening, Rossiysky - 1, Rossiysky - 2.
Uzambara violet.
Family Gesneriaceae - Gesneriaceae.
Genus Saintpaulia hybrida - Hybrid Saintpaulia.
African violet saintpaulia hybrid.
Violet, description and photo SM-Cinnamon Rose (seedling by K. Morev)
Violets from breeders of the CIS countries - “K” ( Morev) .
CM- Cinnamon Rose (seedling K. Morev).
Cinnamon Rose, Korichnaya Roza ( K. Morev).
Large terry rose red flowers with dark red fantasy along the flower and abundant fantasy around the edges of the petals.
The leaves are large, variegated, medium green with white fragments. Standard. Leaves on long cuttings, strive to hug the pot.
Very double rose-shaped scarlet flowers with dark red fantasy and a dark dotted border. But I would call the color more coral with an ash-cinnamon tint, rather than scarlet. There are very beautiful specks along the edge of the petals. And here fantasy is very rare, in the photo on the Internet only the border is speckled.
Bright and large flowers up to 6 cm in size. Bloom a very long time. The flower stalks are strong, erect, with 5-7 buds each. Large head-shaped buds turn into luxurious bright coral flowers with a dark cherry speckled edging along the edges of the wavy petals, and this happens literally before our eyes. It blooms for a very long time.
Socket grows slowly, took a long time to bloom. There are more flowers on the windowsill, but they are lighter. Violet likes cooler conditions better.
Cinnamon rose (cinnamon rose) - Shrub 1-1.5 m high, with thin twig-like branches covered with shiny brownish-red bark. Flowers 3-5 cm in diameter with lanceolate bracts, solitary, less often 2-3 pieces. The pedicels are smooth, 5-17 cm long. The sepals, 5 in number, are longer than the petals, drawn into long, narrow, expanded appendages at the end. The corolla is five-petalled; petals are pale or dark red, broadly ovate, with a short nail.
Do you know that…?
Differences between an old violet and an adult one: In an old rosette (4-5 years old), the lower part of the stem becomes exposed, a so-called “leg” appears, and the plant becomes like a palm tree. The leaf blades are made smaller, the petioles shorter. Old plants have reduced immunity and, as a result, they are susceptible to various diseases, especially those caused by fungi. In such plants, the quality of flowering noticeably deteriorates: the flowers become smaller, there are fewer of them, and the flower stalks are shortened.
Before you buy the violets listed below, carefully read the forums about their behavior on the windowsill. Many of them are very beautiful flowers. However, these can be large rosettes with large and fragile leaves, with leaves rising up or hugging the pot, forming many stepsons that interfere with the formation of a neat rosette, pulling the stem up and growing into a Christmas tree, bending the trunk, rare flowering with long breaks, fallen flowers or they last little and quickly wither, very long and recumbent peduncles, the color of the flower fades quickly, they do not like bright lighting on the windowsill, they are afraid of the slightest drying out or waterlogging, a large percentage of them go into sports or darken the flower.
Are they suitable for your window sill and the conditions that you can create for them? You will look at the flowers for several months, and the rosette will always be in front of your eyes. There are many beautiful flowers, there are much fewer beautiful and neat rosettes, look first at the rosette! Search and you may find a dozen violets with the same flower color if you are not interested in the smallest details as a collector.
- Caballero (Kraiduba); - Cambodia(Volskaya); - Cancan(Enikeeva); - Pencil (Valkova); - Carmelita(Frolov); - Kishmish(Violet grower); - Princess Mary(Prilutskaya); - Capricorn (Arkhipov); - Witch Night (Arkhipov); - Columbine(Kraiduba); - Commander(Volskaya); - Consuelo (Jura); - Merchant (Burkatsky);
Cinnamon rose hip (Rosa cinnamomea).
Other names: rose hips, rose hips, rose hips, cinnamon rose.
Description. A perennial shrub of the Rosaceae family, up to 200 cm high. The stems are straight (sometimes drooping), brown-red with curved (less often straight) thorns.
The leaves are petiolate, compound, with lateral oval leaflets, finely serrate along the edge, alternate. The leaves are covered with bluish-green hairs on top.
The flowers are large, single or 2-3, with five pink or red petals on a short stalk.
The fruit is a hypanthium, red or purplish-red when ripe, glabrous, spherical or oblate-globose with sepals at the top, with numerous small, angular seeds, densely covered with hairs. Blooms in May - June. Fruit ripening in September. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively. It begins to bear fruit at 2-3 years of age. Age can reach up to 350-400 years.
Cinnamon rose hips grow on forest edges, among bushes, in meadows, and along ravines. Distributed from Scandinavia to Central Siberia.
Collection and preparation of raw materials. For medicinal purposes, the fruits of the cinnamon rose hips are used and harvested. Harvesting is carried out after the fruits have fully reached their maturity but are not overripe. The collection is completed before the onset of frost. They pick the fruits in tarpaulin mittens. Dry in the sun or in well-ventilated areas, spread out in a thin layer. You can also dry it in an oven or dryer at a temperature of 80-90°C. The shelf life of raw materials is 2 years.
Composition of the plant. Rose hips are rich in vitamin C and also contain flavonoids, organic acids (olenic, linoleic, linolenic, etc.), sugars, tannins and pectins, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, P, PP, K, iron salts, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, etc.
Useful, medicinal properties, application, treatment.
Cinnamon rosehip preparations have choleretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-sclerotic, anti-scorbutic, and diuretic properties. They improve redox processes in the body, enhance the synthesis of hormones, enzyme activity, increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences, and have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism.
Rosehip preparations are used to treat acute and chronic infections, gastric and duodenal ulcers, acute and chronic liver diseases, atherosclerosis, uterine and pulmonary bleeding. Also in the treatment of pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, for the treatment and prevention of hypo and vitamin deficiencies C and P.
As a choleretic agent, rosehip preparations are prescribed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Rosehip seed oil (Oleum Rosae) is used for external use to heal wounds, cracked nipples, and bedsores. In the form of microenemas for nonspecific ulcerative colitis. In dentistry - for stomatitis and gingivitis.
Dosage forms and doses.
Rosehip infusion: 1 tbsp. spoon (10 g) of raw material, pour a glass (200 ml) of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain, take 1/2 glass 2-3 times a day before meals.
Holosasum. Syrup prepared from a condensed aqueous extract of rose hips and sugar. A syrupy liquid of dark brown color, sweet and sour taste. Prescribed for cholecystitis, hepatitis, 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day, for children - 1/4 teaspoon 2-3 times a day.
Rosehip root decoction: Boil 2 tablespoons of crushed root per 400 ml of water for 15 minutes, leave until cool, take 1 glass 3 times a day before meals for cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, and malaria.
Rosa cinnamomea L. (R. majalis Herrm.)
The generic name of rose hips comes from the Greek word “rhodon” - pink. The Russian name comes from its sharp and numerous thorns. Common names: wild rose, svoborina, svoborina, chiporas, wild rose.
Rose hips were well known as a medicinal plant back in Ancient Greece. In the 4th century. BC. Theophrastus in his “Natural History” gave such a detailed description of it that for many centuries it passed from book to book practically unchanged. Ludwig Graeber's herbalist has a recipe from 1563 for using rose hips as a tooth powder to strengthen gums. In Russia, rose hips (or, as they used to be called, rose hips) have also long been used to treat and prevent bleeding gums and as a means for healing wounds. It was believed that “the water, the color of the sorrel, heals the wound, removes the itching, and prevents the wound from spreading either in width or in length.” In the XVI-XVII centuries. Special expeditions were even sent to the Orenburg steppes to harvest rose hips. During the Russian-Turkish War, in the first military hospital in Moscow, the wounded were given “sworoborin molasses” to maintain strength and treatment. Remembering this tradition, doctors in military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War treated wounds with water decoctions of rose hips.
Cinnamon rosehip is a shrub, up to 2 m high, with brownish-brown bark and slightly hanging branches. On the branches at the base of the petioles there are thick, downward-curved paired spines. Young, non-flowering shoots are lined with thin subulate spines and bristles. Leaves are 4-9 cm long, compound, imparipinnate, with 5-7 pairs of oblong-elliptic or ovate, serrated leaflets with two stipules along the edge. The flowers are red, pink or white, large (3-5 cm in diameter), solitary or 2-3, on short pedicels with lanceolate bracts, five-membered (5 petals, 5 sepals). The rose hip fruit is a multi-nutlet in a succulent receptacle, in which the hairy nuts are enclosed in a spherical or ovoid shell of the fruit, formed from a concave overgrown receptacle. Since the wall of the rosehip fruit is formed from the receptacle, it was previously classified as a false fruit with fruit-nuts inside. The inside of the rosehip fruit is bristly, juicy, bright red or orange in color; outside the fruit, after it ripens, the sepals remain. Blooms from mid-May to July. The fruits ripen in August - September. Rose hips bear fruit from the age of three.
More than 60 species and a large number of varieties of rose hips are known. The most common are cinnamon rose hips, Dahurian rose hips - R. dahurica Pall., needle hips - R. acicularis Lindl., dog rose hips - R. cappa L., wrinkled rose hips - R. rugosa Thunb.
Cinnamon rose hips grow throughout almost the entire European part of Russia, especially in the north, as well as in Western and Eastern Siberia to Lake Baikal. Daurian rosehip is distinguished by the black-purple color of its branches. Grows in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Rosehip spiny has branches densely planted with thin, straight, uniform bristles, often with 2 thin spines at the base of the leaf. It grows in the forest zone, extending into the tundra. It has a wide range - from the Pacific Ocean to Karelia. The southern border of the range runs through Northern Kazakhstan, along the Volga to the west to the Gulf of Finland. Rosehip wrinkled has red flowers and very large fruits. It grows in the Far East and is often cultivated in gardens. Dog rose has pale pink flowers, the fruits are bright red, the sepals are bent down and fall off after the fruits ripen. Grows in Ukraine and the Caucasus. The fruits of this rose hip are much poorer in vitamin C, so when harvesting it should be distinguished (by the bent or absence of sepals) from other types of rose hips. All listed types of rose hips are allowed for consumption.
Rosehip usually grows in meadows, along river floodplains, forest edges and in forests between bushes. The fruits are used for medicinal purposes. To fully preserve vitamins, they must be collected before frost. The collected fruits are immediately dried in an oven or dryer. They can be stored for 2 years.
Cinnamon rose hips contain vitamin C (on average 2-3%, up to 5.5%), provitamin A, vitamins P, B2, K, E. The content of vitamins C, P and carotene is so high that the pulp of two or three rose hips cinnamon provides a person’s daily need for them. Dog rose hips contain 0.2-0.3% vitamin C.
In addition, rose hips contain various sugars (up to 18%), pectins (up to 12%), citric and malic acids (up to 3%), and mineral elements.
Of the specifically active substances, the fruits contain flavonoids (including the flavone glycoside quercitrin), tannins (tannins) (4.5%), and essential oil.
The effectiveness of rose hips is primarily due to the presence of ascorbic acid in it. This vitamin regulates redox processes in the body, thereby increasing the body's resistance to infections, increasing efficiency and generally stimulating metabolism. The daily human need for vitamin C is 50 mg, and it is satisfied by 10-15 g of dry rose hips.
In medicine, rose hips are used for stomach and duodenal ulcers, anemia, low acidity of gastric juice, atherosclerosis, and exhaustion of the body. They are used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis and hepatitis. Rosehip preparations are used in the form of infusion, extract, syrups, and tablets. Rose hip syrup is a preparation containing vitamin C 5 mg per 1 ml.
“Holosas” is a syrup prepared from a condensed aqueous extract of rose hips and sugar. Prescribed for cholecystitis, hepatitis. The usual dose is a teaspoon 2-3 times a day.
“Carotolin” is an oil extract from the pulp of rose hips. It is recommended for the treatment of various skin diseases (trophic ulcers, eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis), for which napkins soaked in the drug are applied to the affected areas 2-3 times a day.
Rosehip oil, obtained from rosehip nuts, is rich in carotenoids (up to 40%), unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E (tocopherol). The oil is used both externally and internally. It is used to lubricate cracked nipples, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores, and radiation damage to the skin. For dermatitis, a teaspoon is prescribed externally and internally. For ulcerative colitis, oil enemas of 50 ml daily or every other day for 2-4 weeks are useful.
Whole fruits are brewed as tea or made into an infusion. For tea, take 10-15 fruits per 200 ml of water, boil for 10 minutes, add 1-2 teaspoons of sugar and leave in a warm place for several hours. Strain and drink 0.5-1 glass 1-2 times a day before meals. The infusion is prepared in a water bath. To do this, crush a tablespoon (20 g) of unpeeled fruits, place them in a glass or enamel bowl, add 400 ml of boiling water and place in a boiling water bath, stirring frequently. After 15 minutes, remove from the bath and leave for 24 hours, then filter and drink 0.25-0.5 glasses 2 times a day.
In addition, rose hips are included in various preparations used for vitamin deficiencies, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, chronic nephritis, and diseases of the biliary tract and gall bladder.
Rosehip May (cinnamon rose)
Rosa majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.)
Description of the plant. Rose hip is a shrub of the Rosaceae family, 200 cm high, with thin branches covered with shiny brown-red bark. Old branches are brownish-brown. Flowering branches are seated with sparse, downward crescent-shaped spines, flattened at the base, usually sitting in pairs at the base of the leaf petioles; Rarely flowering branches are devoid of thorns. Barren branches (especially in the lower part) and turions (one-year-old sterile shoots) with thin, straight or slightly curved spines.
The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, with 5-7 pairs of lateral leaflets. The leaves are thin, close together, 1.4-6 cm long, 8-28 mm wide, oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovate.
The flowers are large, 3-7 cm in diameter, with five pink petals and a five-part calyx; There are many stamens and pistils. The flowers are solitary, rarely 2-3, on short pedicels, 5-17 mm long, with lanceolate bracts. Petals range from pale red to dark red. The fruits are spherical or oblate-spherical, less often ovoid or elliptical, smooth, orange or red, fleshy, crowned with remaining sepals.
Blooms (depending on the growing area) in May - July; the fruits ripen in August - September.
In medicine, the fruits of rose hips and other high-vitamin species of rose hips are used.
Habitats. Spreading. May rose hips are distributed throughout almost the entire European part of the country (except for the northern, Black Sea and Caspian regions), in Western and Eastern Siberia. It grows in sparse forests, on the edges, clearings and clearings, among thickets of bushes and along ravines. More often found in meadows and valley forests. It is usually part of shrub thickets in river floodplains, where it forms commercial areas. In the forest-steppe it inhabits birch, pine and oak trees, and in Western Siberia it partly inhabits the flat steppe.
Rose hips propagate by seeds and vegetatively - suckers and green cuttings. Vegetative propagation ensures the cheapest and fastest harvest of rose hips, and also allows for the selection of its highly productive forms.
Procurement and quality of raw materials. Rose hips are harvested from August (sometimes from the end of July) to October. Harvest ripe, disease-free fruits. It is recommended to collect the fruits before they are fully ripe, when they are still hard but already have a bright red or orange color. Completely ripe fruits are collected by hand, carefully, as they are easy to crush, and then they quickly deteriorate during drying. When collecting fruits, it is recommended to wear gloves or canvas mittens to protect against thorns, and to fold the collected raw materials, thick aprons with large pockets in front. With an average harvest, an adult picker can collect 8-20 kg of fruits in a 7-hour working day, and with a high yield (more than 1 t/ha) in thickets of large-fruited rose hips, up to 34 kg. The labor productivity of the picker can be significantly increased if you use various devices: a scoop for collecting rose hips, a fruit collecting mug, a bag, etc.