A computer is the architect’s main tool in modern design. A laptop is the basic system requirements for working with
graphics:
Processor – at least 2 GHz,
RAM – at least 4 GB,
Video card – discrete, NVIDIA, ATI Radeon

Composition of the project.
Sheet 1 (in color), A1 format:
- perspective;
- main and (or) secondary facade 1:200, linear (arbitrary);
- general plan M 1:500 with explication, technical and economic indicators,
wind rose;
Sheet 2 (black and white line graphics, in color for view points) A1 format:
- 1st floor plan M 1:100;
- typical floor plan, M 1:200, linear (arbitrary);
- section M 1:100;
- 2 or 3 viewpoints – fragments of the building perspective (in color)

Lepilov A. gr.211

Chegaeva D. gr.211

Tananina E. gr.211

Kutrunova N. gr.212

General plan

Yard landscaping elements include:
driveways and sidewalks;
landscaping;
playground;
playground;
dog walking area;
recreation areas for adults;
economic sites;
car parking.
parking space dimensions – 2.8x5.5 m (3x6 m)

General plan

Placement of sites must be provided at a distance
from windows of residential and public buildings no less than, m:
for games for preschool and primary school children
12
for recreation of adults
10
for physical education (depending on noise characteristics*)
10-40
for economic purposes
20
dog walking
40
for car parking
10-30

General plan

Indoor driveways
Main internal passages in buildings not exceeding 5 floors
are accepted as single-lane widths equal to 3.5-3.75 m.
When building 6 floors or more, main internal passages
accepted width 5.5 - 6 m.
Distance of the yard fire passage from the protruding parts of the building
with 9 floors - 8-10 m. In addition, a circular
bypass the building. There should be no buildings at this distance from the house
or plants obstructing the passage of a fire truck.
Sidewalks, pedestrian paths.
The traffic lane on all types of sidewalks is assumed to be 0.75 m.
Inside courtyards – 1.5 m
Along main streets – 3-4.5 m
Turning radii.
In accordance with clause 6.22 of SNIP 2.07.01-89, the radii of curvature of the roadway
streets and roads along the edge of sidewalks and dividing strips should be taken
not less, m:
for main streets and roads
6-8 m
at transport areas
12 m

General plan

Technical and economic indicators of the general plan
1. Plot area - m2
2. Construction area - m2
4. Landscaping area - m2
5. The area of ​​passages, sidewalks, areas with hard
coating – m2
6. Percentage of development - %
7. Percentage of landscaping - %

Tananina E. gr.211

Red building lines
The red building line marks the conventional boundary separating
highways, streets, passages and squares from areas designated
for development or other use. Buildings can be placed with
indented from the red lines or along them.

Classification of residential buildings by number of storeys
Based on the number of floors, residential buildings are usually divided into the following types:
low-rise (1-2 floors);
mid-rise (3-5 floors);
multi-storey (6-16 floors);
high-rise buildings (more than 16 floors)
Height of floors of residential buildings.
As a rule, the height of the floors of residential buildings is 2.8-3.3 m (from floor to
floor).

Basic terms and definitions
FLOORS
Above ground floor - a floor whose floor level is not lower than
planning level of the land.
Basement floor is a floor whose floor level is below
planning level of the ground more than half the height
premises.
The ground floor is a floor whose floor level is below
the planning level of the ground no more than half the height
premises.
The technical floor is the floor for placing engineering
equipment and communications, its height should not be
less than 1.80 m clear. Can be located at the bottom (technical
underground), upper (technical attic) and in the middle part of the building.

Basic terms and definitions
The composition of the premises of the entrance group of an apartment building
The first floor differs from the typical ones in the presence of an “entrance node” - a porch,
vestibule, lobby, as well as a short flight of stairs.
The floor level of the premises at the entrance to the building must be higher than the level
sidewalk by at least 150 mm.
Tambour - a passage room serving to protect the internal
building spaces from cold air. Tambours should have a depth of not
less than 1.2-1.5 m.
In residential buildings of increased comfort, a lobby with
stroller room and concierge room.
As part of the barrier-free environment program for people with disabilities, it is necessary
provide ramps or mechanical lifts.

Ventilation systems
multi-apartment residential building

Insulation of external walls

Technical and economic indicators
multi-storey residential building
To evaluate design solutions for residential buildings, a number of
architectural and planning indicators, namely:
living area of ​​apartments, m2;
total area of ​​apartments m2;
total area of ​​the building, m2;
building area, m2;
construction volume of the building (including the underground part), m3;

Design of a multi-storey residential building (apartment building) is the largest direction in the design of residential buildings in terms of involvement in the process.

According to this characteristic, this section closes the conditional hierarchy of work on residential buildings, which also includes:
design of houses, cottages;
design of townhouses, block houses;
design of low-rise residential buildings;
social housing design.

And if design of low-rise apartment buildings can safely be called one of the most popular methods for solving the issue of socially affordable housing, then design of multi-storey buildings can be confidently described as one of the most complex and responsible tasks in organizing living space for various groups of the population, which requires bringing together various functional areas and realizing the expectations of various categories of potential residents.

Features of the design of a multi-storey apartment building.

Today, most often it means developing a project multifunctional residential complex(hereinafter - MFZHK) and includes the design of: residential and office (administrative) parts, a sports and recreational block, an underground parking lot, and in some cases, even a kindergarten.
An example of this approach (a project of a 25-story residential building with a built-in kindergarten and underground parking) was developed by the design organization NEOKA and is being implemented in the city of Khimki (Moscow Region).

The development of projects for multi-storey apartment buildings places additional responsibility on the design organization and requires experience in the design of buildings and structures of various functional purposes and skills integrated approach to solve the problem.
After all, it is sometimes very difficult for the customer to immediately cover and describe in detail all aspects of the upcoming work; moreover, he is primarily interested in the financial benefits of the project. Therefore, the design organization is entrusted with the responsible role of timely and fully revealing all the expectations of both the customer and future residents, so that, by refracting them through the prism of their experience in designing multi-storey buildings and multi-storey housing complexes, the end result is a commercially successful project of a house “for life”.

It can be said that design of a multi-storey residential building(multifunctional residential complex) is in many ways similar to designing shopping and entertainment centers. But there is also a fundamental difference - regardless of what task the design organization faces - designing a multi-storey building (multi-storey residential building) or designing a low-rise building (low-rise residential building), or designing a cottage (individual residential building), - all objects Designs should, first of all, be comfortable for life. This does not mean that in our work we lower the bar of requirements for the external attractiveness of the designed objects, but, in our opinion, such buildings, first of all, should embody in constructive and architectural solutions the idea of ​​​​the coziness and comfort of future residents, create such conditions that Once in which a person will think: “I want to live here.”

A multi-storey apartment building is a building designed for the simultaneous stay and residence of a large number of people, whose needs for organizing the internal space are often very different. This is the most difficult and important task in the design of residential buildings and houses - optimizing planning solutions to meet the requirements of the entire spectrum of potential residents. The layout of apartments is a kind of anthill in which creating a comfortable internal environment is possible only with proper distribution of technological flows.

There are 2 forms of organizing work on interior planning:
1) In most cases, this problem can be solved application of the planning scheme of free-type apartments, without finishing, and the choice of interior finishing options is left to future residents. The solution is popular, but does not allow to fully realize the entire economic potential inherent in the development and implementation of a multi-storey apartment building.
2) An alternative could be application of a standard apartment design project. This is an extremely underrated option for optimizing planning decisions. Organizing the internal space through the development of standard apartment design projects promises significant economic benefits and opens up a number of additional opportunities for both the builder and the buyer. This approach allows us to qualitatively improve the project: provide additional services for real estate buyers, organize centralized work on finishing the premises, as well as obtain additional profits for customers and cost savings for residents. At the same time, the use of a standard project design is suitable not only for design of a multi-storey building, but it is also effective and economically feasible for other sections of the design of residential buildings (especially relevant for the design of low-rise residential buildings, townhouses and block houses).

Unlike the development of low-rise residential buildings, design of multi-apartment high-rise buildings does not allow you to avoid passing state examination, and apply one-stage design, but it makes it possible to organize living space and associated infrastructure for a large number of residents in a relatively small area. This is especially true in densely populated urban areas with a shortage of living space, especially when land costs are high. Therefore, for such objects, two-stage design is used: after preliminary design, design documentation and working documentation are developed.

For the correct organization of infrastructure and vital technological conditions for the functioning of multi-apartment high-rise buildings, especially in cases of integration into existing buildings that have their own long-established infrastructure, it is advisable to carry out design of multi-storey residential buildings as part of development work territory planning projects, integrated design of microdistricts or master plan settlements. This allows you to take into account not only the features of the developed site, organize transport and technological flows, as well as connect various objects and territories with each other.

Design organization NEOKA has sufficient experience and capacity to development of projects for multi-apartment high-rise buildings, as well as for the integrated design of buildings and the design of microdistricts, villages, general plans, which is a reliable basis for confident and guaranteed successful work on such complex projects.

In the conditions of modern large cities, the relevance of the construction of multi-storey residential buildings has acquired enormous proportions. As cities grow, so do residents’ needs for new, modern and comfortable housing.

The creation of a competent living environment for comfortable living of people is inextricably linked with the urban planning situation, the presence of the necessary infrastructure and social and cultural facilities in the housing microdistrict.

The main issue with which the design of multi-storey residential buildings begins is the ability to balance the economic interests of the developer and the social needs of residents, while not forgetting about compliance with the norms and rules of housing design.

This confronts designers with a number of obstacles and difficulties on the way to creating a project, forcing them to take into account with particular scrupulousness not only the totality of existing conditions, norms and requirements, but also the presence of economic factors in the process of developing reliable, comfortable, and at the same time inexpensive housing.

The design of apartment buildings is steadily subject to the main modern trends in construction, the emergence of new materials, technologies and methods that make it possible to create the most comfortable and favorable living conditions for all groups of the population, as well as improve the aesthetic perception of the living environment.

Designing residential apartment buildings is not an easy task, the solution of which begins with determining their role and significance in the structure of the microdistrict. It involves, first of all, the competent placement of buildings in the city structure, taking into account the existing buildings, transport and engineering networks, the presence of schools, kindergartens, clinics, retail facilities and other integral components of people’s lives. As a rule, the available infrastructure facilities are not enough to meet the needs of all residents of the microdistrict.

To assess the current situation, existing environmental factors and parameters, as well as calculate project needs, first of all, a project for planning the territory of the site on which the development will be located is developed.

It is the planning organization of the territory of a land plot that largely sets such important parameters as the number of storeys, geometric dimensions, configuration of the building, its orientation in space and, of course, influences architectural, planning, engineering, technological and constructive solutions.

Designing multi-storey buildings is impossible without drawing up technical specifications for design, which sets the basic requirements for design solutions, such as: number of storeys, composition of premises, area and number of rooms in apartments, height of premises, presence of balconies and loggias, materials used, engineering and technical support , completion date and composition of project documentation. All this helps to find mutual understanding between the customer and the contractor, eliminates controversial issues, and allows for successful implementation of the project within the agreed time frame.

The space-planning solution for an apartment building begins with the development and agreement with the customer of the architectural concept of the residential complex, which lays out the key points of the project as a whole: the number and spatial arrangement of buildings, parking lots, engineering structures, the set of apartments and their areas, the main stylistic techniques are approved and color solutions.

To obtain a visual representation of the designed houses and their role in the surrounding development and natural environment, a three-dimensional model of the project is created, which makes it possible to see the residential complex from different viewpoints, which makes it possible to demonstrate the plans and decisions of the designers in the most realistic and accessible way.

It is not without reason that the most common type of multi-storey residential buildings in our country are sectional houses, because the possibility of using standard sections allows you to reduce design and construction costs, reduce the time required to complete the work, which directly affects the cost of housing for buyers, and undoubtedly leads to an increase in demand for him.

Design of multi-storey residential buildings is one of the services provided by FIRM KROKI LLC. By contacting us, you will achieve the necessary results, appreciate a competent approach, high-quality execution of work, and, most importantly, save your time and money thanks to a competent dialogue and a flexible pricing system for this type of design work.

You can see examples of our already completed work.

The vertical repetition of elements in multi-storey residential buildings requires a certain design discipline, which assumes, naturally, with some exceptions, that all residential floors are identical (standard) and that the set of apartments on a typical floor reflects the general ratio of apartments inherent in the design program.

The difference in the perimeters of the external walls is 18 m. Taking into account the floor height (2.6 m), the increase in the area of ​​the external walls is 1412 m2. Increase in cost (1412 m2 at $75.3) $106,470

Due to the repeated repetition of a typical floor, its planning solution has a great influence on the cost of the building. Exterior walls are expensive, and each new break in the floor plan increases its perimeter, the importance of which increases many times over as the number of floors increases. Therefore, the benefits that can be gained from increasing the complexity of the floor plan configuration must be considered in light of the increase in construction costs that they cause.

Not only the shape of a typical floor plan, but also its area has a great influence on the economic performance of a building. This situation is especially true for buildings with reinforced concrete frames - the most common design solution for modern multi-storey residential buildings.

It should be recognized that concrete structures, especially with flat floors with a not always strict rhythm of load-bearing columns inside the building, have certain advantages over a steel frame (this will be discussed in detail in a special chapter devoted to the structural design of buildings). Briefly, these advantages are that a flat floor slab provides a finished, level ceiling surface, whereas steel structures (except for the mixed use of steel beams and concrete slabs) often require a suspended ceiling without any use of the space above it.

In concrete structures, the thickness of the floors is less, resulting in a reduction in the height of the building, a reduction in the area of ​​the external walls, and less rise of stairs. Placing columns without a strict rhythm allows you to fit a convenient apartment layout into the structural framework without the restrictions of a rigid lattice of columns. Columns and beams made of concrete do not require additional processing, while steel structures must be closed and require fire protection.

Due to the obvious advantages of reinforced concrete structures, their wide distribution is advisable. To do this, a typical floor of a multi-storey building must be such that it best corresponds to modern types of concrete structures and current technology. The process sequence and optimal building dimensions described in the design chapter must be taken into account.

The choice of the maximum length and configuration of a typical floor plan depends on the acceptable means of construction mechanization (types of cranes and other equipment). The adopted technology and design solution also influence the choice of building height. The higher it is and the more the distance from the ground to the top floor increases, the more time it takes to deliver workers and materials, as well as to supply water. If the building is very tall, there is a greater chance that construction will be delayed until frost sets in (depending on when construction begins) and that costly winter weather measures will be required.

The decision of the elevator facilities is another factor that influences the choice of number of storeys. Sometimes it makes sense (for economic reasons) to limit the height of a building if an increase of one or two floors leads to the need for a more expensive elevator system or an increase in their number.

The smoke exhaust shaft is important. It is necessary to find out at what height of the building or number of floors the building codes require their installation. The installation of smoke removal shafts means an increase in cost, an increase in floor area not used for housing, and the need to increase the size of staircases, which makes it difficult to rationally decide on the plan. If the site conditions make it possible to increase the area of ​​a typical floor so much that it is possible to ensure the conditions of the program without going beyond the number of storeys above which it is necessary to install smoke removal shafts, a certain economic effect can be achieved.

Considering issues related to floor area and building height, we come, oddly enough, to the conclusion that the taller a multi-story building, the more expensive it becomes, and, on the contrary, cost savings can be achieved if, by reducing the number of floors, the area of ​​a typical floor is increased . This is due to an increase in the number of apartments served by expensive elements of vertical communications - stairs and elevators.

In addition to these factors, one should also mention the coefficient of efficiency in the use of floor area, which is a very important indicator for all multi-storey residential buildings, with the exception of gallery buildings. The area of ​​non-residential communications usually occupies from 10 to 15% of the floor area of ​​the floor. The lower this percentage, the more effectively the plan is solved. If the total area of ​​non-apartment communications (common corridor, stairs, elevators, garbage chute, ventilation shafts, pipelines, etc.) is more than 15% of the total floor area excluding balconies and loggias, the layout must be seriously redesigned.

Taking into account the space efficiency ratio, the designer will be able, without spending a lot of time, to make the necessary preliminary calculations before drawing the first line in his project.

THE CUSTOMER SPECIFIES THE FOLLOWING SET OF APARTMENTS:

2/3 - three-room apartments with an area of ​​111 m2

1/3 - two-room apartments with an area of ​​83.5 m2

The smallest set of apartments that meets a given condition:

2 - three-room apartments (111 X 2 - 222 m2);

1 - two-room apartments (83.5 X 1 = 83.5 m2).

Total area..... 305.5 m2

FOR OUTDOOR COMMUNICATIONS REQUIRED

13% of 305.5 m2 = 39.7 m2

Total..... 345.2 m2

For a concrete structure, a floor area of ​​345 m2 is obviously insufficient. Two times 345, i.e. 690 m2 is naturally better, but it is still less than 840 m2 of area considered the minimum for an optimal solution. Three times 345 m2, or 1035 m2, is sufficient for a concrete structure, however, if possible, strive for a larger area. Therefore, four times 345 m2, or 1380 m2, seems to be the optimal solution, and a typical floor would therefore contain four groups of two three-room and one two-room apartments, or 12 apartments per floor. This solution must be tested for compatibility with other conditions.

ZONING. Is a building area of ​​1380 m2 acceptable? The total number of apartments corresponding to the building density established by zoning, divided by 12, will determine the required number of floors; 12 floors of 1380 m2 each and the area of ​​public premises (lobby, recreation, etc.) will give the total area of ​​the building - you need to check whether this area does not exceed the total area allowed by zoning. Site conditions: an area of ​​1380 m2 is divided by the average width of a residential building of 18 m, resulting in a building length of 77 m. It is necessary to check whether a building of this length can fit on the site, taking into account the necessary gaps between structures, etc.

Standards: Does the total area of ​​the building of 1380 m2 exceed the maximum permissible by the standards for a design solution already determined depending on the number of floors? Will two escape routes be sufficient given the established maximum distance from the entrances to the apartments to the stairs? Aesthetics: what will be the proportions of the volume of a building whose length is 77 m and whose height is taken according to the calculation given above? What will be the compositional role of such a volume in relation to neighboring buildings and open spaces?

Houses with internal non-apartment communications: a - elevator stop on each floor; 6 - the elevator does not stop on every floor; 1 - corridor houses; 2 - multi-section houses; 3 - one-section houses; 4 - sectional and corridor houses

Problems associated with the choice of building height, total area and floor area efficiency indicator apply to all multi-storey residential buildings. However, with the exception of this, each type of residential building has its own construction laws. Many attempts have been made to classify multi-story buildings. It is probably most acceptable to group buildings into types that differ in the organization of entrances to apartments and the system of horizontal and vertical communications.

Gallery buildings with external non-apartment communications: a - elevator stop on each floor; b - the elevator does not stop on every floor

As you can see, the selling area in the house is only 50-65%. The skill of the architect lies, of course, in maximizing usable space. However, it's all in the little things. Experienced, talented architects care about more than just such obvious things. They care that the roof of a lower-rise building is “clean”, i.e. it had a minimum of engineering equipment so as not to spoil the view for residents of the high floors of the neighboring building. They are concerned that when exiting the elevators, fire cabinets or technical niches are not conspicuous. So that external blocks are hidden on technical balconies, etc.

Residential multi-storey construction today continues to develop at an accelerated pace - and not only in Moscow, but almost everywhere in Russia. Due to thisdesign of apartment buildings- the service is in demand and necessary. Modern requirements for the construction of residential buildings, especially multi-storey ones, are aimed at ensuring both an attractive appearance of residential neighborhoods and providing residents with a decent level of comfort and complete safety. That is whyprojects of multi-storey apartment buildingsshould be implemented exclusively by companies that are experienced in this field and have a staff of professional specialists.

Trust Engineering - has almost 15 years of experience in design work and has completed many complex projects - both in the capital and in the regions. Every multi-storey residential building, project which was carried out by our specialists, received an original architectural solution, its own unique design and was carried out in strict accordance with the standards accepted for multi-storey construction. Many of our objects have already passed the test of time and are the best confirmation of the quality of our work.

Design of multi-storey residential buildings- this is a complex set of works, the implementation of which must ensure the reliability and durability of the building, the comfort of life for its residents, have a high level of safety and meet the requirements for residential multi-storey buildings of a certain class - from elite to economy. Our multi-storey building projects meet all the necessary criteria, and are carried out taking into account the characteristics of the development site, include the development of apartments with the correct ratio of the number of rooms and total area, depending on the class of housing, and also take into account all objects located in the local area - both existing and planned.

The construction of multi-storey buildings is a very expensive undertaking. We do not strive to create expensive, irrational projects that require unreasonably large financial investments, therefore when ordering design of multi-storey buildings in the Trust Engineering company, you receive a verified professional project, with an optimal balance between the quality of construction and the costs of providing it. Our apartment building projects Compared to competitors, they differ in low cost and high class of solutions used.

A very important aspect when designing residential buildings is the ability to understand the client, his desires and expectations, therefore design of multi-apartment residential buildings- this is not just working on drawings and diagrams, it is the ability to establish contact with the customer and implement his wishes through the competent implementation of a set of architectural, engineering and design solutions. It is often difficult for a client to understand the specifics of the designers’ work, and there is no need for this - everyone must do their job. Essentially, customers are interested in the end result, in this case, the financial benefit that they can receive from the implementation of the completed project.

For service “ apartment building design” prices depend on many factors, so the calculator on the site can only give a general idea of ​​the order of prices. The final cost of the work will be determined after clarification of all the features of the object, the timing of the order and other nuances of the work. When necessary apartment building project, price design in relation to the cost of construction work is very insignificant, although the future of the new house will depend on its correct and professional implementation.

The Trust Engineering company offers comprehensive design of buildings and structures (Moscow and regions), including residential apartment building project of any complexity - on time, responsibly and professionally.