Modern landscape design cannot do without ornamental shrubs that decorate a garden or summer cottage with carved foliage or lush flowers. One of the plants that is becoming popular among domestic gardeners is Euonymus warty, a description of which is given below.

Euonymus verrucosa belongs to the Euonymus family. This is a low deciduous shrub, growing up to 2.5 m. The plant is widespread in the European part of our country, mainly in coniferous-deciduous and deciduous forests. In addition to Europe, the plant can be found in China, Korea, Japan, Iran and Turkey.

The peculiarity of the plant is its shade tolerance and love of fertile soils. The shrub will grow in one place for up to 50 years, and during the first 15 years it reaches approximately 1.5 m and slows down growth. In the next 15 years, a slight increase in height can be recorded, but after the 30th anniversary, the growth of the shrub stops.

It is easy to distinguish Euonymus warty from other members of the family by three characteristic features:

1. All shoots of the bush are covered numerous growths of black or brown color, popularly called warts. Through the loose tissues of warts, oxygen is supplied to the living tissues of the branches located under the lignified cover.
2. The flowers of the plant have a specific "mouse" smell.
3. Black seeds surrounded by orange arils. When the bright pink four-part capsules of the fruit ripen, the seeds do not fall out, but hang on the stalks and look elegant, like earrings.

The root system is superficial with a large number of fibrous roots. Green finely serrated foliage turns red-pink in fall, so the shrub looks very impressive among other plants.

All parts of the euonymus warty are poisonous. Sweetish fruits, attractive with their unusual color, pose a danger to humans. There is no need to fear a fatal outcome, but vomiting, diarrhea and accompanying malaise are quite possible if you eat the fruits of euonymus.

Time to board

Planting of warty euonymus is carried out similarly to other shrub crops. The best time to transfer a seedling to the garden is early spring. Gardeners do not recommend planting the plant in the fall, since its superficial root system may freeze out without having time to adapt to the new location.

It is easy to choose a place for the plant on the site. It tolerates partial shade and openwork shade perfectly., so it will feel good both in single plantings and under the canopy of tall trees.

Reproduction

To grow a highly ornamental shrub on the site, it’s worth buying a three-year-old seedling– during the growing season it will take root well and will not need shelter for the winter.

Euonymus warty seedlings can be purchased at a garden center or online store, but it is better to do this at a local nursery. If your neighbor has such a plant in his garden, you can ask him seedling or root shoot - this ensures that the shrub will take root well in similar conditions.

The root offspring of Euonymus is carefully dug up with a shovel, the junction with the mother bush is separated with an ax or the same shovel and the plant is planted in a permanent place in the garden.

Planting in open ground

Having decided on a place for the shrub on the site, prepare the soil. The plant prefers loose, fertile, slightly alkaline or neutral soils.

Planting in open ground is carried out as follows::

• Digging a planting hole, the size of which is 2 times larger than the root system of the seedling.
• To the bottom of the pit lay a drainage layer made of expanded clay or pebbles, the height of which is ¼ of the total depth of the pit.
• To fill the hole prepare a fertile mixture from turf soil, leaf soil, humus (or compost), sand in a ratio of 3:1:1:1.
• If the soil is highly acidic, she is limed.
• To the bottom of the pit pour a landing mound and pour water on it.
• The seedling is placed in the hole, straighten the roots and cover with soil mixture. The root collar should be flush with the surface of the site.
• Soil around the plant compacted and watered.
• The tree trunk circle is mulched bark or peat.

If everything is done correctly, the seedling will quickly take root in its new location and begin to grow in a few weeks. At first, after planting in the garden, young euonymus needs to be watered more often. without allowing the soil to dry out or flood. When it becomes clear that the seedling has taken root, watering can be reduced.

When determining a place in the garden for euonymus, you need to take into account the size of an adult plant, which grows up to 2 m in diameter. This is especially important when planting in groups or as a hedge.

Caring for Euonymus Warty

Caring for the plant will not be difficult. To grow a shrub, it is enough to follow simple rules of care:

Watering

Water moderately, giving the soil time to dry. Rare deep watering is preferable.

Loosening

Loosen the soil around the tree trunk 3 times during the entire growing season, being careful not to damage the superficial roots.

Mulching

Euonymus warty has good frost resistance. Despite this, the soil under the bush is mulched for the winter with sawdust, peat or fallen leaves.

Top dressing

As an additional food apply complete mineral fertilizer.

Trimming

Sanitary pruning is carried out in spring, removing damaged and dried shoots. In the fall, if necessary, form a crown. To avoid irritation, work is carried out with protective gloves (Euonymus sap is poisonous).

Pest Control

Many insect pests “love” Euonymus: aphids, caterpillars, mealybugs, spider mites. The plant can be protected from them by spraying with insecticidal solutions (Aktara, Arrivo, Decis).

Caring for shrubs is quite simple, so gardeners do not have to spend a lot of time and effort on care.

Preparing for winter

If there are one- or two-year-old seedlings in the garden, they need to be covered for the winter using dry leaves or spruce branches. Mature plants tolerate Russian winters well., so they don’t need shelter. But for greater confidence, it is worth mulching the soil in the area around the tree trunk with a layer of sawdust, peat or leaves.

Conclusion

Euonymus warty, despite its not quite sonorous name, will delight you with spectacular fiery foliage in autumn and will give the site a special charm and decorative effect.

In the old days, they believed that euonymus near the outskirts would ward off evil spirits and would certainly attract peace and prosperity to the house. It is impossible to verify the veracity of grandmother's legends, but one glance at the warty euonymus is enough to come closer and examine the unusually bright shrub for the middle zone.

The area where this species of euonymus is found everywhere is extremely extensive. In Russia, the crop grows in light coniferous and deciduous forests, in oak forests, in clearings that are beginning to overgrow and along the edges. The distribution area extends from Narva to Krasnodar, from Pskov to Perm. In Europe, the warty euonymus, in the photo, can be found from the south of Sweden to the countries of the Balkan Peninsula.

It is not surprising that the plant was noticed by lovers of ornamental crops and, back in the second half of the 18th century, appeared among the plantings in park ensembles of Moscow, St. Petersburg and other regions of the country.

Today, the deciduous shrub, which exhibits enviable frost resistance and unpretentiousness, has become common outside its natural range, for example, in Altai and the Urals, in Primorye and the countries of Central Asia.

Description of warty euonymus

Compared to its Asian relatives, the warty euonymus does not stand out in height. Most often, the maximum height of a shrub or small tree does not exceed two meters, even for a very mature specimen.

Euonymuses are slow growing plants. The warty variety is no exception.

The most intensive growth occurs in the first 15 years from the moment of seed germination. Over the years, the bush reaches one and a half meters in height. In subsequent years, the growth is extremely small, and after 30 years of age, all efforts of the euonymus are aimed at replacing old shoots and maintaining the crown. As a rule, the age limit for this crop is 50 years.

Young shoots have a greenish-brown tint, but over time the bark darkens, becoming almost black, cracks and takes on a somewhat unreal appearance.

Euonymus verrucosus - this species name of the warty euonymus fully reflects both the plant’s belonging to the vast family of euonymus, and its external feature, by which it is easy to recognize that of the Russian forest and forest-steppe zone, as well as other regions of Eurasia. Large and small shoots of the plant are covered with peculiar corky growths, similar to warts or, as the word sounds in Latin, verruca. It is they who ensure the recognition of the warty euonymus shown in the photo.

From mid-May to June, the branches of the bush are covered with numerous flowers. True, unlike other ornamental plants, those of the euonymus are completely unattractive. The corollas are brownish in color, do not exceed a centimeter in diameter, and consist of:

• of four rounded petals;
• from the calyx connecting the flower to the peduncle;
• made of a pistil and four tiny stamens.

Individual flowers are combined into small loose inflorescences of 4–9 pieces each. Flowering is accompanied by an unpleasant odor, which is sometimes called “mouse.” This interesting feature of the warty euonymus is due to the fact that the plant is pollinated by some species of flies. Insects are attracted by both the specific aroma and the mucus produced by the flowers, which becomes a delicacy for the inhabitants of the forest.

Euonymus shoots are covered with elongated, ovate, serrated leaves located opposite each other. The length of the leaf can vary from one and a half to six centimeters. In summer, the color of the foliage pointed at the end on the outside is dark green and even. The back side of the leaf plate is lighter than the top, and it is sometimes covered with barely noticeable lint. With the onset of autumn, the color of the crown changes radically. As in the photo, the leaves of the warty euonymus become pink, purple or burgundy-red.

Ripe fruits complement the amazing picture created by the euonymus. Starting in August, the 4-celled boxes take on a bright pink or reddish carmine color. Then they open and shiny black seeds appear, covered with a dense orange seed.

The fruits are small, their diameter reaches 8–12 mm, the seeds are even smaller and do not exceed 6–7 mm. The boxes hanging on thin petioles gave the warty euonymus, in the photo, several more names, including “wolf earrings.”

Since the flowering of the crop lasts about three weeks, the ripening of the seeds is uneven. The appearance of bright fruits attracts many birds, who willingly peck them together with the juicy seedlings and carry the seeds for many kilometers. And the seeds remaining on the bush fall off within 7–10 days after the boxes open.

It is interesting that passage through the digestive tract increases the germination of seeds, but still in nature this crop is more often propagated vegetatively using root or stem layering.

The use of warty euonymus in landscape design: photos and tips

The root system of the warty euonymus has a superficial location, and the depth of the roots largely depends on the soil, climatic and landscape conditions in which the plant is located. To ensure reliable attachment to the ground, euonymus acquires an extensive system of large and small rhizomes, which at the same time strengthen the soil layer in the place where the crop grows. This feature of the euonymus, as in the photo, is actively used when landscaping and strengthening are necessary;

• steep man-made slopes;
• ravines where there is a risk of wind erosion;
• steep banks of artificial and natural reservoirs.

Plants that are accustomed to being under the forest canopy easily tolerate a lack of light and are not afraid of hot days when the air loses its remaining moisture through evaporation. But for warty euonymus grown on the site, it is important to ensure the availability of nutritious, well-drained soil and regular soil.

When using euonymus in landscape design, as in the photo, you need to take into account one more feature of the culture. The density of the crown, its compactness and the amount of foliage on the shoots are directly proportional to the lighting. Specimens grown in open areas are more decorative and colorful than those that were hidden for many years under the crowns of broad-leaved trees.

In the first case, the euonymus is easier to shape, the shoots thicken, the internodes are shortened, and the number of side shoots, flowers and ovaries increases.

In plants grown in the shade, the shoots do not form a strong bark for a long time, remaining thin and greenish. The branches are elongated, there are few leaves on the euonymus, as in the photo. The crown is sparse and unattractive.

The situation cannot be corrected by pruning due to the very slow growth of the plant.

It is more correct to initially plant euonymus where the crop will be exposed to the sun for at least half of the day. This rule is also taken into account when using warty euonymus in group plantings with larger plants.

Use of euonymus warty: benefits and dangers of the plant

Euonymus has long attracted human attention not only with the beauty of its leaves and fruits, but also with its beneficial qualities. In the West, this deciduous shrub is called nothing more than “spindle”. The reason for this nickname is quite prosaic. Since the Middle Ages, peasants have turned spindles for spinning wool from light, durable euonymus wood.

And already at the beginning of the last century, gutta was discovered in the thickness of the bark of the euonymus - a rubber-like substance, from which, before the discovery of synthetic plastics, electrical insulating materials, parts of devices for the chemical industry, consumables for the shoe industry and medicine were made. Today, the need for this substance has disappeared, but scientists decided to carefully consider the chemical composition of not only the bark, but also other parts of the plant.

As a result, euonymus has found use in homeopathy and in official medicine as a cardiac, laxative and emetic. But it is worth remembering that when decorating a garden, this crop can be potentially dangerous for people and pets.

Found in the bright fruits, roots, branches and leaves of the euonymus, in the photo, glycosides have a therapeutic effect only in extremely small doses and only as part of medications.

Eaten bright fruits and other parts of the plant lead to poisoning, accompanied by dizziness, weakness, diarrhea and vomiting, and in severe cases, chills, convulsions, and cardiac dysfunction. At the slightest suspicion that euonymus fruits or greenery have entered the body, it is important to seek qualified medical help as soon as possible.

Video about euonymus

Euonymus is one of the most beautiful woody plants in Europe and Asia. The article discusses how planting and proper care are carried out. The presented photos allow you to get acquainted with the decorative varieties of this shrub. The described methods of propagating euonymus will help everyone who wants to stock up on the necessary amount of planting material to create a hedge or colorfully decorate their personal plot. The application of fertilizers will ensure good growth of seedlings and bright colors of its leaves and fruits.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus

The genus Euonymus is part of the Euonymus family. Some types of euonymus are shrubs, others are trees. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The most attractive feature of the plant, which is demonstrated in the photo, is the variety of autumn colors of the leaves, simultaneously combining red, yellow, white, orange, purple, and burgundy shades.

Euonymus in autumn

The bright fruits cannot be eaten due to the presence of toxic substances, but their unusual shape (pink lanterns with dangling earrings) is a wonderful decoration for the garden in late autumn. During frosts and snow blizzards, birds wintering in our latitudes feast on the fruits. Euonymus is also valued as a medicinal plant, and planting it next to apple trees allows you to fight one of the most dangerous pests of these fruit trees - the codling moth.

Blooming euonymus warty

The most widespread varieties of euonymus include the following:

• Euonymus Fortune- a low evergreen shrub brought from China by the English scientist R. Fortune. The height of this evergreen frost-resistant shrub does not exceed 50 cm. It has dark green leaves with a white or yellow border along the edges, as seen in the photo. The fruits of the plant are less bright compared to tall species, but quite impressive. In the climate of the middle zone, this variety rarely blooms and bears fruit;

Euonymus Fortune

• Euonymus warty- deciduous shrub, common in the mountainous regions of Russia, Ukraine, central and south-eastern Europe. It is distinguished by its unpretentiousness, frost resistance, and high decorative qualities. The bushes reach a height of 1.5 m, the branches have thickenings (warts), are characterized by slow growth, adding only 10-12 cm annually;

Euonymus warty

• European euonymus- often found in deciduous forests of the central and southern regions of Russia, grows in Western Europe, Asia Minor, and the Balkan Peninsula. Another name for this species is Bruslin's euonymus, in America it is a spindle-shaped tree. The plant reaches a height of 2 to 8 m and can withstand up to 15 degrees of frost;

European euonymus

• Japanese euonymus- a heat-loving variety from Japan that cannot withstand temperatures below 5 degrees. It can be grown in an apartment or a heated winter garden. The plant may have shiny green or variegated leaves, and at home its height does not exceed 0.5 m. Some natural species of Japanese euonymus grow as vines 5-7 m long;

Japanese euonymus

• Euonymus dwarf- a rare shade-tolerant species, reaching 1 m in height and preferring carbonate soils. The shrub is very decorative thanks to its fine-toothed leathery leaves and yellow-green fruits. When planted densely in a row and regularly trimmed, it is well suited for creating a beautiful border. When grafted onto Japanese euonymus, you can obtain specimens with a weeping crown shape;

Euonymus dwarf

• Euonymus winged compactus- a shade-tolerant deciduous plant 1-2 m tall, imported from the Far East. The branches have a rounded shape with edges formed by longitudinal growths, the dark red fruits are shaped like boxes, and with the arrival of autumn the leaves acquire a bright red color, giving the plants a special elegant look.

Euonymus winged compactus

Planting seedlings

When selecting a place for planting seedlings, it is necessary to take into account that the plant does not like stagnant water and does not grow well in acidic soils. For strongly growing varieties, a spacious place is required away from plantings and buildings. Planting dwarf species in large boxes or well-permeable containers will allow you to bring them into a bright, cool room or winter garden with the onset of cold weather, maintaining the temperature within 5-10°C. Early spring or mid-autumn is suitable for planting euonymus.

Euonymus seedling

Sequence of work:

1. A hole is dug, the width and depth of which should be twice the size of the root system of the bush.
2. At the bottom of the pit, drainage is created, consisting of sand, expanded clay or broken brick, then humus or mature compost is poured.
3. The soil and nutrient layer are moistened, then the seedling is placed on the bottom and covered with soil, compacting the top layer.
4. The surface of the earth is watered.

Advice. To ensure that moisture from the soil evaporates more slowly, the surface should be mulched with peat; instead, you can also use crushed tree bark. From time to time, the mulch layer can be updated by adding peat. This will prevent the formation of a soil crust, which promotes increased evaporation of moisture, and will make it more difficult for weed seeds to enter and germinate.

Plant care

Euonymus, like most shrubs, requires regular pruning. In the spring, dried, damaged branches are cut off, the crown of the plant is formed; in the summer, pruning will allow you to level the border of bushes and give it the correct geometric shape. This shrub does not require frequent watering, so in dry weather it can be watered rarely and moderately.

Pruning allows you to give the bush the desired shape

For good growth, the soil around the plant is loosened several times a season; the application of fertilizers will also improve its development, ensuring sufficient supply of nutrients to the roots. At a young age, the shrub needs to be covered for the winter to protect it from low temperatures; adult specimens are not afraid of frost.

Advice. The sap of the plant is poisonous, so when pruning it or other types of work that require contact with the plant, you need to protect your hands with durable gloves made of thick fabric.

Fertilizer and feeding of euonymus

In order for the plant to please you with a healthy appearance, beautiful leaves and abundant fruit, it is fertilized twice a year. In the spring, during the formation of flower buds, manure diluted with water (1:10) is a good fertilizer; it can be replaced with bird droppings, reducing the concentration of the infusion by 2 times.

Apply fertilizer twice per season

During the flowering period, complex mineral fertilizers containing microelements can be applied. You can increase the size of ripening fruits by adding small amounts of phosphate and potassium fertilizers during summer watering. If the soil is clayey, it is recommended to add a little sand and slaked lime in the fall before digging the tree trunks.

Shrub propagation

When propagating from seeds, it is necessary to collect the fruits at the beginning of cracking. After peeling the pulp and processing in a solution of potassium permanganate seeds planted in the ground, the embedment should be shallow (up to 2 cm). When planting in spring, they are first subjected to stratification - kept in a cool place (10-12°C) for 3 or 4 months. followed by placement in a refrigerator compartment at a temperature of 0 to 3°C for several months.

Euonymus seeds

Small plants of dwarf varieties are convenient to propagate dividing the bush. In this case, new shoots with a small part of the root are separated. Having cut the branches to two-thirds of their length, you can plant the root shoots in the prepared place. Such a plant takes root easily and soon forms a strong bush, growing in width.

Green cuttings of euonymus

Euonymus can be propagated and cuttings. But they should be harvested from a plant no older than 5 years. Cutting begins in the last days of June or in the first ten days of July. Each cutting should have one internode and a length of approximately 7 cm. Planting is done in a greenhouse with fertile soil, the cuttings are covered with sand a few centimeters deep. Rooting time is usually 1.5 months, after which they can be transplanted into an open garden bed.

Pests of euonymus and the diseases they cause

Euonymus can be affected by spider mites and aphids, this is accompanied by the appearance of silvery areas on the leaves, deformation and loss of part of the foliage. The disease can be prevented by treating with a solution of colloidal sulfur in the spring, and in the summer by spraying with a soap solution, the insecticidal agent “Aktara” or its analogue.

The plant can also suppress mealybugs and codling moth caterpillars, which, according to gardeners, prefer to feed on euonymus leaves rather than on fruit trees growing near them. To control pests, you can use herbal decoctions and special chemicals, which are commercially produced in a large assortment.

Leaves affected by euonymus scale

By devoting just a little time and effort to growing euonymus, you can decorate your area with individual specimens of this shrub or create a hedge from it that will delight you with its attractive appearance almost all year round. This plant will protect the apple trees in the garden from damage by pests, increasing their yield.

Euonymus in the garden: video

Blooming euonymus: photo

Euonymus is a unique garden shrub that combines excellent qualities: fast growth, unpretentiousness, a variety of varieties, and also has excellent decorative properties. This plant has become widespread in Asia, Europe, and America. Under natural conditions, it lives in mountains, deciduous forests, floodplains and valleys.

Euonymus is often used when organizing hedges, but its scope of use is not limited to this. This shrub is magnificent in group and solitary plantings. In spring and summer, it does not stand out much from the rest of the garden vegetation, providing an excellent green background for other ornamental plants. During flowering, the euonymus can only boast of dim, small and, one might even say, somewhat inconspicuous flowers. But in the fall, not a single person will be left indifferent by the beauty of the bush. Also, its appearance will perfectly improve the appearance of the winter garden.

Among the various types of euonymus there are also small evergreen creeping shrubs that grow well in rockeries, flower beds and rocky hills.

Common types

Euonymus macropterus Rirr.

This tweed of euonymus prefers to grow in groups or alone in moist and shady spruce and cedar-broad-leaved forests in the Primorsky, Khabarovsk territories, Kurilki, Sakhalin, China, Korea and Japan. It is very rarely used as an ornamental plant, but is quite suitable for cultivation in the conditions of the north to St. Petersburg.

It is a deciduous tree, reaching 9 meters in height, often bush-like. The bark of the plant is dark, young branches initially have a green tint, later becoming light brown or gray. The leaves have an oblong-ovate or broadly elliptical shape.

The flowers are small, greenish-white, collected in multi-flowered inflorescences. The fruit is spherical and slightly flattened four-lobed capsules with large wings up to 15 mm in length. When fully ripe, they acquire a dark crimson hue. In the summer, the capsules open to reveal seeds that ripen until the end of September. Begins to bear fruit from the age of seven.

It grows somewhat slowly and is winter-hardy. For good development it needs high air humidity, tolerates shade, but feels more comfortable in good lighting. It propagates mainly with the help of seeds, which must be stored in a box with sand during the cold season. Resistant to the pest that often affects this genus - the euonymus moth. When the fruit ripens, it has incredible decorative properties. It is recommended to be used for single or mass plantings for planting in parks. Cultivated since the end of the 19th century.

Euonymus verrucosa Scop.

In another way, this type of euonymus is called few-flowered. It is found naturally in the mountains of South-Eastern, Southern and Central Europe, as well as in Russia. Distributed in nature reserves of the Baltic states, the Caucasus, and Russia. In nature, it prefers to grow in the undergrowth of deciduous and coniferous forests. This shrub loves good, fertile soils, generously flavored with lime, and tolerates shade well.

The shrub grows up to two meters in length, less often it turns into a tree 5-6 meters in height. It has bright green shoots, which, along with the branches, are strewn with black-brown warts. In this regard, it got its name. Its brown flowers are quite inconspicuous, but create a special charm and color. Its pink fruits look very good against the green background of foliage.

This shrub is especially beautiful in the autumn, when its thin green shoots wear a delicate and light outfit of pink leaves.

It is winter-hardy, slow-growing, unpretentious to the soil, tolerates shade well, and is suitable for organizing hedges, creating group and single plantings. Cultivated since 1973, it is used by gardeners more often than other types of plants.

Euonymus europaea L.

Grows in Russia, Western Europe, the Caucasus, Crimea, Asia Minor. Found in many nature reserves in different countries. They prefer deciduous forests with any soil. It has been used for decorative purposes for a very long time.

This small tree, reaching 6 meters, grows as a bush. Young shoots of the plant are green and often have corky longitudinal growths, while old shoots are almost black. The leaves are ovate or obovate, glabrous, slightly leathery, dark green in color, and acquire a wide variety of red shades in the fall. Unlike the leaves, the flowers of the European euonymus are inconspicuous, greenish-white in color, and flowering lasts 20 days. The bush is also very decorated with fruit boxes that are pink or dark red when ripe.

This type of euonymus has very high drought and frost resistance, loves light, and thrives in urban polluted conditions. It tolerates pruning well, and therefore is ideal for single and group plantings, and excellent for hedges. Pairs well with a variety of plants with yellow or yellow-golden foliage. This type of euonymus has about 20 different decorative varieties.

Dwarf euonymus (Euonymus nanus Bieb)

This type of euonymus is very fond of the slopes and river valleys of the mountain forests of Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Crimea, Romania and North-West China. It is a plant listed in the Red Book of the USSR. You can see it in the protected Kabardino-Balkarian Nature Reserve.

Dwarf euonymus is an evergreen, creeping, low-growing shrub whose height does not exceed one meter. Young branches are green, covered with many warts, and as the year progresses they acquire a grayish-brown color. The leaves of the bush are quite unusual: oblong in shape and narrowly lanceolate, with a pointed apex and a slightly bent edge. The upper part of it is bright green, the bottom is bluish. The flowers of the euonymus are single and small, grow on long and thin peduncles, and are green or red-brown in color. This type of euonymus very rarely bears fruit in the middle zone, but if this happens, the fruits are presented in the form of a box up to 1 cm, yellowish or pink.

This is a very ornamental plant, known since 1830. It forms very effective and elegant thickets, used to decorate lawns, loose groups, alpine groups, under tree canopies.

Koopmann's Euonymus (Euonymus koopmanni Lauche)

Perhaps this species is the most interesting of those growing in Central Asia. Loves walnut forest canopies and secondary bushes.

Its distinctive feature is the formation of creeping and very long lashes, which, moving along the ground, take root and produce low shoots one meter high. The leaves of the shrub are linear or narrowly lanceolate in shape, slightly curled along the edges. The color of the leaves is dark green, they are bluish below and shiny above. The flowers are often single, but sometimes they are collected in groups of 2-3. Blooms in July. In Russia it ripens quite rarely, but the possibility of vegetative propagation allows it to be grown in this area.

Euonymus miniata Tolm

This type of euonymus is found on the island of Urup and on Southern Sakhalin. It has greenish flowers with shorter wings than Euonymus macroptera. The fruit capsules are bright red. In autumn, all parts of the bush, from large obovate leaves to fruits, literally “light up” in the sun, and in the shade they have a dark purple hue. It tolerates shade well, and therefore in natural conditions is often found in the undergrowth of mixed coniferous forests on slopes. It blooms and bears fruit very profusely. Available in culture exclusively in botanical gardens.

This shrub is very demanding on soils and their richness. The soil should also be light, saturated with air and contain lime. It does not require pruning and is frost resistant. Propagated by spring or autumn sowing of seeds, summer cuttings, layering, as well as root suckers. Perfect for single plantings, creating hedges, and group compositions.

Winged euonymus (Euonymus alata (Thunb.) Sieb.)

It lives on rocky slopes, along mountain rivers and streams, on rocky slopes and in river valleys in Korea, China, Japan and southern Sakhalin. This is a fairly tall shrub with many branches.

Young shoots are reddish in color. The leaves are obovate in shape, sometimes rhombic, dark green in color and very shiny. Not very large flowers are collected in three-flowered inflorescences. The fruit capsules become bright red after ripening. Decorative due to its bright fruits, but also unusual, winged branches. It begins to bear fruit at the age of four. It was introduced into culture in 1910.

Under natural conditions, it takes root quite well in both shady and sunny places, on wet and dry soil. But for the best effect, it is still better to use illuminated areas. It grows rather slowly, but is highly winter hardy.

It looks very advantageous in loose, single plantings, but is also effective in group plantings on the lawn. There are more than 20 varieties of this euonymus in culture.

Maack's Euonymus (Euonymus maackii Rupr.)

Maaka's euonymus prefers to grow on the slopes of hills, in deciduous sparse forests, in the valleys of large rivers, in floodplain meadows, on sandy light and sandy loam soils in the Primorsky Territory, Eastern Siberia, and the North-Eastern Territory.

It is a shrub reaching 1.5-3 meters in height. Sometimes it is a beautiful eight-meter tree, which in free conditions has an openwork, umbrella-shaped crown. The crown of the tree is wrinkled and black. Young branches are green, slightly rounded and tetrahedral, becoming dark gray with age. The leaves of the bush are very large and leathery. In spring they are light green, in summer they become dark green with a lighter underside, and in autumn they become soft pink, decorated with various purple shades. The flowers of the Maak euonymus are greenish-white with purple stamens, which are collected in few-flowered semi-umbrellas. The shrub begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-8 with spherical-pear-shaped boxes of purple or pink color.

This type of shrub is frost-resistant, loves light, resists drought well, loves rich soils, grows quite quickly and tolerates transplants well. It reacts very sensitively and well to fertilizers, propagates very easily using seeds, layering, cuttings, root suckers, bearing fruit a year, or even two, earlier than the seed material.

This type of euonymus will be an excellent decoration of the edges, as a single planting on the lawn, in the form of undergrowth. Very beautiful when the leaves bloom and until late autumn. It is very decorative in the fall, when it is decorated with bright fruits that remain on the bush until the onset of frost. The same spectacular and colorful autumn leaves last until the first frost. In terms of its decorativeness, it is one of the very best among euonymus. Cultivated since 1883.

Sakhalin euonymus (Euonymus sachalinensis(F. Schmidt) Maxim)

The plant is native to East Asia and the Far East. It can also be found in the Lazovsky Nature Reserve. Prefers to grow in mixed forests and birch forests on mountain slopes and river valleys. This is a light-loving mesophyte.

A very, very decorative shrub 2.5 meters in height, with long elliptical leaves.

The flowers are small, purple in color, hanging down on thin peduncles. Flowering of the bush begins in May-June, and fruits form in August-September. This is an ornamental, unpretentious shrub that is very beautiful in the autumn due to the coloring of the leaves and the ripening of spectacular fruits. It takes root well in Central Russia and is often used for making hedges.

Euonymus warty refers to long-lived shrubs of deciduous type. It got its name because of the numerous tubercles covering all the old branches.

Young shoots are initially smooth and green. Then they change color to brown and acquire their characteristic decoration in the form of warts.

Leaves are oval with a sharp tip and openwork edge, are grassy green in summer and bright red in autumn. According to the size of the leaf, there are 2 forms - large-leaved, late and small-leaved, early.

In spring, all branches are decorated with small, cute flowers of a delicate pink color, which are subsequently replaced by original fruits. It is thanks to them that euonymus easy to recognize even in the forest.

INTERESTING! The shiny black seeds are contained in bright scarlet capsules, with only the tips slightly protruding.

Warty euonymus has a very specific “aroma”— it smells like field mice. This unpleasant smell repels curious people, which is very useful - the fruits of the bush are poisonous and can cause serious poisoning.

Kinds

Euonymus has several varieties:

• unique;
• - ideal for growing at home;
• Beautiful ;

Photo

For a more visual story, here are a few photos of warty euonymus:

Care

Actions after purchase

Immediately after purchasing euonymus It is advisable to plant it in a permanent place in the garden. It takes root very quickly; it is enough to water it on time, without allowing the soil to dry out too much.

It is advisable to also plant indoor euonymus in a suitable pot with a nutritious substrate.

Landing

IMPORTANT! It is better to plant euonymus in the spring, so that it has time not only to take root, but also to get stronger.

The bush makes no special claims to the composition of the soil, but does not grow well in an acidic environment. Ideal for it is a combination of 3 parts of turf soil with leaf soil, fine-grained sand and humus (1 part of each component).

The drainage layer is vital— euonymus does not tolerate stagnation of water, either in open soil or at home.

Transfer

In the first 5 years of life on the street, the shrub can be replanted without fear of causing stress to the plant. The superficial root system is easy to dig out.

Older specimens should be disturbed only as a last resort. The procedure should be carried out using the transshipment method so as not to injure the roots.

Lighting and temperature

Undemanding and hardy bush will grow both in the shade and in bright sun. But shading will be optimal during the midday period with good lighting in the morning and evening.

Bush tolerates both extreme heat and any cold weather well. A stable decrease in temperature below 9-11° causes a change in the color of the leaves - they begin to turn red.

When growing at home, it is advisable to provide bright lighting. Euonymus can even be placed on a southern window, providing shade at noon.

Watering

Required on the street only during very dry periods. How drought-resistant shrub, easily tolerates lack of moisture. At the same time, excess water can cause root rot and plant death.

Regular watering is required at home. The procedure is carried out after the soil has dried by at least a third of its volume. The water should not be hard; it is best to use settled water.

IMPORTANT! In winter, it is necessary to reduce the amount of watering and constantly ensure that the water does not stagnate either in the pot or in the pan.

Feeding

During the warm period, while the street euonymus is actively growing, It is recommended to apply organic fertilizers in spring and mineral fertilizers in summer. Two feedings for the entire season will be enough.

Growing

Growing warty euonymus outdoors is completely easy. In addition to watering and feeding, care consists of periodic loosening of the soil to improve the supply of oxygen to the roots.

Preparations for winter are carried out after all the leaves of the euonymus have fallen. In adult specimens the ground around is covered with spruce branches, sawdust or dry tops so that the roots do not freeze during periods of severe cold. Young seedlings of the first three years of life are completely covered with covering material.

Indoor euonymus is grown in a wide container so that all the roots are freely located inside. It also requires periodic loosening, constant pruning and crown formation.

Trimming

Dried and weak branches can be trimmed at any time. In this way, the plant is cleaned of debris.

IMPORTANT! At the beginning of spring, formative pruning is necessary to give the plant the desired shape. Euonymus can be made into a bush, standard or bonsai.

Reproduction

Possible in several ways:

• Seeds. They are pre-stratified to get rid of the dense peel, disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate and sown in a loose substrate. The depth of embedding is at least 2-3 cm.
• Cuttings. Young green branches are used, which are placed in sand and peat to form roots. Containers with seedlings should be located in a mini-greenhouse or under bottle halves.
• Separation of rhizome and bush. A very easy method used when replanting a plant. Using a sharp instrument, part of the rhizome with shoots is separated and planted separately.
• By layering. A method accessible to any gardener that does not require any costs. A healthy shoot is bent to the ground and pinned so that it does not straighten. Part of the branch is covered with soil and moistened until roots are formed. The finished plant is cut off from the mother plant and transplanted to another place.

Benefits and harms

In addition to toxic substances that cause severe poisoning in people and animals, warty euonymus contains many useful elements.

Thanks to this, the plant has long and widely used in folk medicine.

With the help of infusions, decoctions and tinctures of fruits and bark, problems such as headaches, digestive and nervous system disorders, inflammation of the bronchi and intestines.

Wood helps reduce blood pressure and strengthen blood vessels.

Diseases and pests

If leaves turn pale and lose color, means euonymus suffers from excess light.

On the leaves yellowness appears, then they fall - excess moisture caused root rot.

Drying ends and wrapping of the edges occurs with prolonged dry air.

IMPORTANT! Despite its toxicity, euonymus is very fond of various pests. The shrub can be attacked by mites - spider mites and flat red mites, scale insects or false scale insects, aphids, mealybugs and numerous caterpillars.

Watch a short video about the appearance of the warty euonymus:

Conclusion

Warty euonymus is an unpretentious and hardy plant that can be grown without problems both outdoors and indoors.

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