Obsolete components as well as modernization of equipment. Equipment modernization

The word "modernization" comes from the French moderne - newest. Modernization of equipment means updating it, bringing it into compliance with new modern technical requirements.

In the Republic of Belarus, tens of thousands of machine tools and other machines are modernized annually, as a result of which obsolete (not meeting modern production requirements) equipment receives new properties necessary for its effective use. It should be noted that any modernization must be economically justified. Therefore, in the process of its design, appropriate economic calculations are made that determine the feasibility of the planned modernization work not only for the enterprise where the improved equipment will be used, but also for consumers of products processed on it.

The main objectives of modernizing existing machines are: increasing the level of mechanization and automation, increasing productivity, expanding technological capabilities, ensuring safety requirements, etc. Recently, increasing the accuracy and other quality indicators of the equipment being modernized has been of paramount importance. Experience shows that modernizing precision machines to improve their accuracy is in most cases economically justified, since the acquisition of new equipment of a higher accuracy class is always associated with significant material costs. When drawing up modernization plans, rationalization proposals are taken into account. Moreover, the greatest effect, as a rule, is brought by those proposals that are developed by creative teams consisting of machine workers, craftsmen and engineers.

Equipment modernization will include elements of expanded reproduction. It ensures an increase in the productivity and power of machines, improves their performance, increases efficiency and reliability. Minor improvements that do not affect equipment parameters are not considered modernization. Equipping equipment with temporary removable fixtures and devices is not considered an upgrade.

The economic prerequisites for modernization include the following:

Firstly, ensuring the resource-saving nature of reproduction, since replacing machinery and equipment requires more one-time capital costs. Hence the efficiency of modernization, the possibility of economic use of saved funds;

Secondly, preventing the loss of part of the value of labor tools, as opposed to replacing equipment, due to their under-depreciation, which increases the efficiency of using past labor;

Thirdly, saving time on updating equipment. The short time frame for modernization and the almost complete absence of downtime during the development of modernized equipment help accelerate the process of reproduction of the active part of fixed capital;

Fourthly, improving the quality characteristics of equipment in use allows us to assert that modernization preserves past materialized labor on a modern technical basis.

Modernization of machines in operation means introducing changes and improvements into the design of existing equipment, allowing for the implementation of the latest achievements of the innovation process, and is a special form of updating the means of labor, based on the transformation of individual components of the equipment.

Let us highlight three directions for implementing modernization that causes change:

1. only the characteristics of the equipment used and not leading to changes in the structure of products, as well as social and environmental changes;

2. not only the parameters of the equipment used, but also in the structure of the products manufactured;

3.not only the above characteristics, but also social and environmental indicators.

The feasibility of modernization of the first type can be assessed within the framework of a model that can be defined as a tactical update of equipment, the second and third, since it is close to the goals of a comprehensive transformation of the fleet - within the framework of the traditional justification of an investment project (strategic renewal). Hence the first type can be defined as tactical modernization, the second and third - strategic.

When justifying tactical modernization, we compare the following alternatives:

1.operation of existing equipment and its repair and modernization;

2. repair and modernization of existing equipment and its replacement.

The condition for the feasibility of repairing and upgrading equipment when analyzing the first alternative can be formulated as

where is the amount of current costs associated with the operation of equipment after its modernization; KZ m, KZ r - costs for modernization and repair of equipment combined with modernization, respectively.

Analyzing the second alternative, we will consider the indicators of depreciation, liquidation value, and property tax associated with new equipment. The conditions for the feasibility of repairing and upgrading equipment in this case can be presented in the form

where - depreciation charges in year t for modernized equipment; - average annual cost of modernized equipment in year t.

At first glance, these formulas do not take into account changes in the quality characteristics of machines after modernization or the introduction of new ones (productivity, speed, etc.). However, it is not. These characteristics ultimately manifest themselves through capital costs (or repair costs) necessary to improve the quality parameters of the machines. The latter are taken into account either directly, through the costs of modernization, commissioning of new equipment, or as part of the costs of operating the equipment (P).

This analysis is not sufficient to fully explore alternatives. It is necessary to consider options for deferred modernization for one, two or more time periods (years).

The condition for the feasibility of taxed modernization can be formulated as follows:

This characterizes the lost profit from postponing modernization and the possibility of economic use of funds released as a result of postponing modernization. Completing the analysis of tactical modernization, it is necessary to examine trends in changes in the cost of manufactured products.

Modernization of technological equipment is the best solution for increasing the productivity of industrial equipment and reducing costs, if it is necessary to purchase new ones.

Any equipment becomes obsolete over time. In order for an industrial enterprise to maintain its competitiveness, it is necessary to periodically upgrade its equipment, which is successfully accomplished by the specialists of the Sintez TMK Company.

Having analyzed a specific situation, we propose a number of measures aimed at increasing equipment productivity and reducing costs without the need to purchase new equipment.

The result of modernization is an increase in productivity, a reduction in overhead and production costs, and an increase in the quality of manufactured products. Investments in modernization pay off in the shortest possible time when the full cycle of work is completed at a high professional level.

A range of modernization works is being carried out for old equipment. Modernization of CNC machines may include equipping the equipment being modernized with the latest CNC systems, drives, spindle units, and hydraulics.

The costs of such modernization are up to 50% of the cost of a new machine, while providing the same functionality and technological capabilities.

At the same time, the modernized equipment meets the technology requirements for the next 10–12 years.

The main directions of modernization of technological equipment:

Bringing technical parameters up to modern requirements;
Creation of standard projects for modernization of machines;
Equipping machines with modern control systems;
Assessment of the condition of metal-cutting equipment;
Increasing the number of controlled coordinates;
Replacement, automation of processes, mechanical components.
It is possible to bring the equipment parameters up to modern, more stringent requirements, and expand its technological capabilities.
Existing machines can be modernized; new CNC control systems, hydraulic systems, and spindle units are installed on them.
The operation of the equipment is automated, mechanical components are replaced.

Equipment at an industrial enterprise is quite expensive and most often has large dimensions and weight. If there is a need to improve the workshop, a complete replacement of machines will require high costs for the purchase of new equipment and the dismantling and disposal of old equipment. It is expensive and impractical to send equipment that is still quite good and functional to be melted down. But it is almost impossible to improve already complex machines on your own.

This will require knowledge of equipment design, familiarity with global trends in this industry, the ability to use various components and systems in a non-standard way, and we can help you with this.

At Sintez TMK you can order maintenance for the following categories of industrial equipment:

– Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy
– Mining industry
– Oil refining industry
– Oil industry
– Heavy and light engineering
- Chemical industry
– Petrochemical industry
– Oil and gas industry

Highly qualified workers, good knowledge and the ability to apply it among the engineering staff allows the use of new developments on old equipment to improve it. Our specialists will analyze the operation of the machine, make drawings of new equipment, and suggest non-standard use of some components.

Our employees have versatile knowledge, and therefore will cope perfectly with the modernization of machines for the metallurgical, energy, chemical and many other industries. The presence of the necessary permits, combined with work experience and special knowledge, makes it possible for our specialists modernization of the mill, with the provision of guarantees.

Modernization is an event to improve equipment aimed at improving the performance of a particular piece of equipment. Sooner or later, everything that is used by a person in the process of work undergoes a similar process. Lack of modernization can have a rather detrimental effect on the system as a whole.

What is the point of modernization?

In most cases, you can notice significant malfunctions in the system. However, if the installation has not been upgraded for a long time, it may completely fail. An equipment modernization project is the basis for starting work to improve the performance of a particular machine. Normalization of work is created based on a pre-planned schedule for the modernization process.

Project planning aimed at improving the efficiency of machinery is considered the most important aspect. It should be noted that only after the project has been established, work begins on improving the device and its functionality.

Equipment improvement: why is it necessary?

Equipment modernization is a critical aspect in technology development. In the absence of it, the equipment, as a rule, malfunctions or becomes inoperable. As a result, the installation must necessarily undergo repair work. Any event whose purpose is to improve equipment must be carried out in accordance with the basic rules for operating each individual machine.

Technological equipment undergoes modernization work at the end of its service life. Statistics show that in production conditions, 100% of installations undergo the modernization process, while having all the relevant documentation about the progress of equipment modernization within the required time frame.

When is modernization required?

If the main part of the equipment is in good working order and functions normally, but for certain reasons is prone to systematic breakdowns, the equipment should be modernized:

increase operational reliability;
improve product quality using the latest regulation and management technologies;
significantly increase the number of products produced;
thanks to modern diagnostic methods, reduce the search for possible breakdowns and malfunctions;
a modern protection system will extend the service life of equipment;
improve production standards.

Main points of modernization of technological equipment

The responsibilities of the enterprise management, which is responsible for the serviceability of the entire production system, include the implementation of the modernization process, which consists of performing the following work:

mandatory and thorough washing of units;
oil change (if necessary);
thorough check of the machine's technological functionality;
inspection and identification of machine malfunctions in conditions under which normal operation of the equipment is impossible.

If certain faults are detected, the machine is sent for repair work. If planned repair work will be carried out after a long period of time, then the production mechanic is obliged to eliminate the faults before starting repair work.

It is worth noting that checking the serviceability of equipment is a point that is clearly stated in the GOST law concerning technological equipment installed in production. Technological work to check the safety and serviceability of the machine must be completed within the prescribed period.

Equipment modernization can act not only as an improvement in equipment, but also as repair work. It is worth clarifying that each machine has its own characteristics and its own focus in work. Therefore, a mechanic must take into account all aspects of the device’s performance in order to eliminate breakdowns. If the machine is completely out of order and it is almost impossible to cope with the normalization of its operation, then such equipment is sent for repair work, regardless of the start of work of the repair department.

Repair and modernization

Repair is a mandatory step in the modernization process. In production conditions, all existing equipment undergoes not only mandatory improvement and performance analysis, but also repair. Machines that have normal performance are not an exception.

Modernization of technological equipment involves the improvement of certain functions or parts. At the same time, in modernization conditions it is emphasized that parts or functional parts of the machine are not replaced, but only certain parts of the system are modified.

In many cases, the modernization process leads to more efficient and sustainable operation of equipment. However, there have been cases where the consequence was equipment failure, resulting in the need for repairs. It is carried out mainly in the event of a breakdown of one part or part of the equipment, malfunctions or complete inoperability of the equipment.

When is the repair carried out?

Repair work in production conditions begins according to the schedule established in production. During repairs, equipment modernization is considered one of the main stages. As a rule, faulty machines are sent for repair, for which the following measures must be taken:

full inspection of the machine;
identification and study of breakdowns;
replacement of one or another part;
replacement of faulty parts;
cleaning parts from rust, dust or other irritants;
replacement of external parts, such as the outer casing or bottom of the equipment;
repairing functional faults.

Finally

To summarize, we can say that the modernization process is a mandatory stage that affects the efficiency of production. Thanks to GOST, it is possible to establish the exact timing of modernization. As a result, it is possible to ensure safe work for production employees. Reconstruction and modernization of equipment is absolutely necessary, which allows you to keep the machines in proper condition without repair work for a long time.

Modernization in production, how it's done

Today, process line automation is carried out both at small facilities and at large industrial concerns. Modernization of production is a necessity that allows us to maintain a leading position in a certain industry in conditions of constant competition.

Modernization of production

In the era of technological progress, when consumers have a variety of choices, high-tech systems are invariably introduced into the production lines of concerns, taking control conditions to a new level. Innovative concepts can significantly improve the quality of products, reducing the cost of the enterprise through the rational use of consumables. Today, process line automation is carried out both at small facilities and at large industrial concerns. Modernization of production is a necessity that allows us to maintain a leading position in a certain industry in conditions of constant competition.

Common prerequisites for production modernization

Improving the technical potential of existing equipment or introducing new systems is the key to increasing the profitability of an enterprise, opening up new professional horizons for the corporation. Often the main prerequisites for production automation are the following factors:

lack of qualifications and specialized skills among personnel;

work with large-sized products not designed for human physical capabilities;

low manual productivity;

hazardous working conditions that negatively affect the health of personnel;

the presence of a human factor in production (error, inattention, etc.).

The above reasons become powerful arguments in favor of automation of production and reconstruction of standard equipment, the technological potential of which does not meet the needs of the target audience.

Advantages of production modernization

Modernization of production is a complex of narrow-profile procedures that involves the design of facilities and the subsequent production of high-tech equipment, the introduction of automated systems into the enterprise and personnel training.

After commissioning, the customer invariably notices the following advantages:

absence of dependence of the result on the human factor;

financial stability achieved by reducing the workforce;

reducing the number of defective products;

possibility of round-the-clock operation of equipment;

accurate cost calculation and rational use of consumable raw materials;

increasing enterprise productivity;

improving the quality of goods sold.

By turning to professionals to improve the production line, the company's management takes the first step towards a new control and management system in production. In Russia, all types of engineering services are provided by Matrix Group of Companies, whose employees have a sufficient level of specialized knowledge and skills. For the past 12 years, representatives of the domestic company have been reconstructing the equipment available at the site and manufacturing high-tech units, introducing automated systems into the enterprise and carrying out commissioning work. Trusting the representatives of MaTrIx Group means unlocking the technological potential of production to the maximum.

Modernization of production

EQUIPMENT UPGRADES

Modernization of production is a necessity that allows us to maintain a leading position in a certain industry in conditions of constant competition.

Common prerequisites for production modernization

lack of qualifications and specialized skills among personnel;

work with large-sized products not designed for human physical capabilities;

low manual productivity;

hazardous working conditions that negatively affect the health of personnel;

the presence of a human factor in production (error, inattention, etc.).

Advantages of production modernization

absence of dependence of the result on the human factor;

financial stability achieved by reducing the workforce;

reducing the number of defective products;

possibility of round-the-clock operation of equipment;

accurate cost calculation and rational use of consumable raw materials;

increasing enterprise productivity;

improving the quality of goods sold.

The modernization of industrial enterprises, houses and buildings is often confused with their reconstruction.

Equipment modernization. Economic expediency

Various objects with any purpose can be subjected to such a procedure, and a change in qualitative characteristics does not always define the concept. Let's try to figure out what the difference is between these categories and how significant it is.

Definition

Modernization– this is an update of the facility to bring it into compliance with modern standards, criteria, and requirements. You can modernize the education system, production, equipment or car.

Reconstruction– this is a targeted activity to change the parameters of buildings and structures, individual elements of objects (height, number of floors, etc.), implementation and updating of utility networks.

Comparison

Thus, reconstruction is either the restoration of the original state of an object, or its radical reconstruction. This set of measures can only be implemented in construction and architecture. In relation to this industry, reconstruction is aimed at changing technical indications (improving the layout of the building, increasing the total area, restoring the original appearance).

Modernization is the renovation of a structure due to its obsolescence. Immediately before these events are carried out, it no longer meets the norms and regulations: engineering communications, the level of thermal insulation, and safety are outdated. In the industrial sector, reconstruction is the restoration of production complexes that have not performed their functions for a long time. Modernization is a change in existing facilities in order to establish the production of modern products and increase the competitiveness of a particular plant or factory.

Conclusions TheDifference.ru

Primary goal. The purpose of modernization is a radical reconstruction of the facility, the introduction of new systems and networks that will make it modern. The purpose of reconstruction is to change the characteristics of a building, an industrial complex, and improve its qualities.
Reason for holding. Modernization is carried out due to the fact that the facility is outdated, and reconstruction is carried out due to general wear and tear.
State of the object. After reconstruction, the qualities of the object are improved, economic and technical characteristics are increased, or the original state is completely restored. After modernization, the functions of an object may change radically.

Replacement of morally and physically obsolete equipment in order to increase production output and reduce the share of variable costs in the cost - section Economics, Analysis of the profitability of the enterprise of the Victoria knitting company and its impact on competitiveness Replacement of Morally and Physically Obsolete Equipment with the Purpose of Increasing Output…

Replacement of morally and physically obsolete equipment in order to increase production output and reduce the share of variable costs in production costs. An important source of increasing production output, reducing costs and increasing profits is the optimal selection of equipment.

This may be the commissioning of uninstalled equipment, replacement and modernization of equipment, its more intensive use, or the introduction of scientific and technological progress measures. As the analysis showed, the main reason for the decrease in profitability at Victoria OJSC was the increase in production costs.

It is known that the source of cost reduction is an increase in the volume of production and a reduction in the cost of its production by increasing the level of labor productivity, economical use of raw materials, materials, electricity, and reducing production defects. Today, the outdated base of technological equipment, the equipment of workplaces with tools and auxiliary materials does not meet the requirements of technology and quality.

Consequently, properly selected equipment will solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the enterprise. For example, the production of hosiery products at the enterprise is carried out on an O3DS hosiery machine, which produces 9 pairs of hosiery per hour. To increase the output of hosiery products, it would be advisable to use an automatic machine from the Italian company Matex - Mono-4 with computer typesetting.

Thanks to new technical solutions, the machine ensures knitting of products whose quality is not inferior to the best in the world. Software and computer design development make it possible to switch to the production of a new product model within 15-20 minutes.

The transition to a new model using the equipment available at the enterprise requires from 11 to 25 hours of painstaking work by a highly qualified craftsman. The productivity of the new machine is 15 pairs of hosiery products per hour, which is 1.5 times higher than the productivity of existing machines. Pre-dyed yarn, combined with computer-aided design and control, will allow for a wide range of product color variations. The SDRS-180 forming machine is designed for steam finishing of hosiery products. With a capacity of 4,700 pieces per shift, this machine can replace three existing machines with the same steam consumption and a significant reduction in electricity consumption.

The supplier of the machine is a company specializing in the production of equipment for the textile industry. Located in Shanghai, China. Since Victoria OJSC uses forming equipment and the company’s employees have accumulated experience in its maintenance and operation, personnel training will not require additional costs.

And finally, a fundamentally new technical approach for Victoria OJSC could be the development of the technology of dyeing yarn under pressure in bobbins, which will eliminate energy-intensive dyeing of finished products and provide a wide range of colored yarn. To implement this proposal, the company needs to purchase installations for pressure dyeing and a set of auxiliary equipment.

The supplier of this equipment is also a Chinese company for the import and export of complex equipment from Shanghai. The use of all of the above equipment, even at 80 loads, will ensure the implementation of the production program planned for 2005, while the forming and dyeing equipment will work in two shifts, the knitting machine - in three shifts. Let's calculate the economic efficiency of replacing equipment. Table 3.1 Table 3.1 Initial data for calculation Equipment Steam productivity per hour Output per year. Thousand pairs Price, ruble Cost of marketable products thousand rubles Automatic OZDS 9 7093 9.80 69511.4 Automatic Mono-4 15 11822 9.80 115855.6 Deviation 6 4729 46344.2 To determine the reserve for profit growth, it is necessary to increase the volume of product sales multiply by actual profit per unit. Table 3.2 R Pvpp R VPP Pedf 11822 - 7093 0.31 1466 thousand rubles Then the possible amount of profit will be - 3685.9 thousand rubles 2220 1466 3685.9 thousand rubles. Table 3.2 Calculation of profit growth due to an increase in the volume of product sales Type of product Possible sales volume, thousand pairs Actual amount of profit including Possible amount of profit, thousand rubles Reserve for increasing the amount of profit thousand rubles Product units total Hosiery 11822 0.31 2220 3686 1466 Installation of new equipment for a Mono-4 knitting machine, an SDRS-180 forming machine and a pressure dyeing installation with auxiliary equipment will not only increase the volume of marketable products, but also reduce costs per unit of production.

According to the technical characteristics of the equipment, the electricity consumption for one hour of operation is Automatic OZDS - 5 kWh. Automatic Mono-4 - 5 kW h Forming machine - 3.6 kW h Forming machine SDRS -180 - 3.6 kW h Cost of 1 kW of electricity - 2.16 rubles. Let's calculate the cost of electricity per unit of production Stocking machine OZDS - 5 kW h 2.16 rubles 9 pairs 1.2 rubles Automatic machine Mono-4 - 5 kW hours 2.16 15 pairs 0.72 rubles Therefore, the cost reduction reserve will be 0.48 rubles 0.72 - 1.2 - 0.48 rubles Since one molding machine SDRS -180 can replace three molding machines existing at the enterprise, the energy savings will be 3.6 3 - 3.6 7.2 kWh or 15.55 rubles. at one o'clock. Per unit of finished product, energy savings from using the SDRS-180 molding machine will be approximately 1.04 rubles. In general, the savings on electricity from using new equipment will be RUB 1.52 0.48 1.04. To calculate the increase in profit by reducing the cost of marketable products, we will calculate the identified reserve for reducing the cost of products as follows and multiply it by the possible volume of its sales, taking into account growth reserves.

Table 3.3 R Ps R S VRPf RVRP 1.52 11822 17969.4 rubles Table 3.3 Calculation of an increase in the amount of profit by reducing costs per unit of production Type of product Reducing costs per unit of production. rub Possible volume of product sales, thousand pairs Reserve for increasing the amount of profit, thousand rubles Hosiery 1.52 11822 17969.4 In addition to increasing the volume of products, the use of new equipment will affect the range and quality of hosiery products. The company will have the opportunity to diversify its assortment, expand the color range, and use patterns on products made from highly elastic threads.

High quality knitting of hosiery and more efficient finishing at the forming stage will ensure a stable texture of the products and an attractive appearance. The introduction of elastic threads into the product during the knitting process - elastane and lycra - will ensure a good fit and preservation of the shape of the product.

A wide range of colors and designs are especially attractive for children's and women's products.

In general, this will allow the company to strengthen the competitiveness of its products.

Improving the quality of commercial products is a significant reserve for profit growth.

Let's calculate the reserve for profit growth by improving the quality of marketable products as follows: the change in the share of each variety is multiplied by the selling price of the corresponding variety, the results are summed up, and the resulting change in the average price is multiplied by the possible volume of product sales. Table 3.3 R P Udi CI 100 VРПфi Р VРП 0.05 11822 591.1 thousand rubles Table 3.3 Calculation of the increase in the amount of profit by improving the quality of hosiery products Product grade Selling price per unit, rub. Share, Change in average selling price possible fact I 9.85 92.7 100 7.3 0.72 II 9.17 7.3 -7.3 -0.67 Total 100 100 0.05 Due to an increase in the share of first-grade products and a reduction in the share second grade, the average selling price will increase by 0.05 rubles and the amount of profit for the possible sales volume will increase by 591.1 rubles. For the calculation, average prices for the existing range of hosiery products were taken.

Updating the range and improving product quality will enable the company not only to increase product prices, but also to develop new markets.

Let's summarize all the indicators of increase in profit Table 3.4 Table 3.4 Summarizing the results of the increase in the amount of profit Source of increase Amount, thousand rubles Increase in sales volume 1466 Reduction in production costs 17969.4 Improvement in product quality 591.1 Total 20026.5 Since the main source of increasing the profitability of production activities is an increase in the amount of profit from the sale of products and a reduction in the cost of marketable products, then to calculate the increase in profitability you can use the formula Р R Rв - Rф Pf RP VRPv St 100 - Pf If, where Р R - growth in profitability Rв - possible profitability Rф - actual profitability Pf - actual amount of profit RP - increase in profit from sales of products VRPv - possible volume of product sales taking into account identified reserves St - possible level of cost If actual amount of costs for products sold P R 2220 20026.5 11822 9.49 - 1.52 100 - 2220 67291 ,4 23.6 - 3.3 20.3 Similarly, we calculate the possible profitability of sales of hosiery products P R Rv - Rf Pf RP VRPv Tsv 100 - Pf VRf R R 22246.5 11822 9.80 0.05 - 2220 69511, 4 19.1 -3.2 15.9 And so, as calculations showed, replacing one stocking machine OZDS with an Italian machine Mono - 4, three molding machines with one molding machine SDRS -180 and installing equipment for yarn dyeing will allow enterprise 1.

Modernization of old equipment

Increase the output of commercial products from 9 pairs per hour to 15, per year from 7093 to 11821 pairs 2. Reduce costs per unit of production by 1.52 rubles 3. Increase the amount of profit 10 times from 2220 thousand. rubles to 22246.5 thousand rubles 4. Increase the profitability of production activities by 20.3 from 3.3 to 23.6 5. Increase the profitability of sales of hosiery by 15.9 from 3.2 to 19.1. Therefore, replacing obsolete equipment with new ones is feasible and economically justified. 3.2.3

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Analysis of the profitability of the enterprise of the Victoria knitting company and its impact on competitiveness

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In recent years, there has been a positive turn in the education system towards preschool

childhood as a period in which significant educational resources are embedded. Preschool age is the most important period in the development of a child’s personality.

At this age, children receive a basic set of knowledge that they will need in adulthood. And their future ability to be successful and mobile in any socio-economic conditions depends largely on how they live their seven years before school.

Modernization of preschool education is a set of measures aimed at ensuring guarantees of accessible and high-quality preschool education, providing equal starting conditions for the subsequent successful education of the child at school.

modernization of education consists precisely in creating a mechanism for the sustainable development of the education system, ensuring its compliance with the challenges of the 21st century, the social and economic needs of the country’s development, and the needs of the individual, society, and state.

To achieve it, a solution is needed already at the level of preschool education

the following priority, interrelated tasks:

ensuring state guarantees of accessibility and equal opportunities to receive full-fledged preschool education;
achieving a new modern quality of preschool education;
formation in the preschool education system of effective regulatory, organizational and economic mechanisms for attracting and using resources;
increasing the social status and professionalism of preschool education workers, strengthening their state and public support;
development of preschool education as an open state-public system based on the distribution of responsibilities between subjects of educational policy and increasing the role of all participants in educational relations - students, teachers, parents, educational organizations.

Mechanisms for solving these and other problems that are relevant at the present stage of development of preschool education are presented in a number of regulatory documents

different levels:

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”;

The procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in basic general education programs—preschool educational programs
education (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 30, 2013 No. 1014);

Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated October 17, 2013 No. 1155);

Professional standard “Teacher (pedagogical activities in the field of
preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education)
(educator, teacher)" (Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated October 18, 2013 No. 544n, etc.)

Among them, the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education is the main document that sets

new coordinates for the development of preschool education and criteria are identified

its quality. On the basis of this document, relations in the field of preschool education are now regulated in the implementation of educational programs (instead of the federal state requirements canceled from 01/01/2014.

The standard program has been replaced by variable ones, and the unified “kindergarten” has been replaced by different types and types of preschool educational institutions. The search for and independent choice of specific forms of educational work has become the norm for teachers. For a long time, the innovative movement in preschool education did not rely on a scientifically verified strategy for the modernization of preschool education, which would link together its social, organizational, financial, economic, psychological, pedagogical and other priorities.

Directions for modernizing the preschool education system:

· population satisfaction with the quality of preschool education;

· providing conditions that meet modern requirements for the educational process, including in terms of preserving and strengthening the health of students;

· introduction of information and communication technologies into the process of managing preschool education; increasing professional competence and motivational readiness for innovation;

· creation of an information and communication environment that provides parents with the opportunity to increase their competence in matters of development and upbringing of children;

· Public availability.

Achieving an optimal level of development for every preschool child, which will allow him to be successful in school, is one of the priority tasks for the development of preschool education in the Russian Federation. Its solution is impossible without a flexible, multifunctional preschool education system that ensures the constitutional right of every Russian citizen to publicly accessible and free preschool education.

In order to provide each child with that same equal start that will allow him to successfully study at school, it is necessary to standardize the content of preschool education in a certain way, no matter in which educational institution (or family) the child receives it.

The process of standardization of social systems, including educational systems, is a global trend. In Russia, currently, for most levels and stages of education, excluding preschool, federal state educational standards (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State Educational Standard) have been established.

At its core, the Federal State Educational Standard for Additional Education represents a set of mandatory requirements for

preschool education:

to the structure of the basic educational program of preschool education, the conditions for its implementation and the results of its development. As it were, new guidelines have been set for the results of preschool education, new goals and objectives have been set, the structure of the preschool educational program and the requirements for the conditions for its implementation have been changed.

The Federal State Educational Standard proposes the following principles of preschool education:

Full-fledged experience by the child of all stages of childhood;
Enrichment of child development amplification;
Individualization of preschool education;
Cooperation between organizations and families;
Taking into account the ethnocultural situation of children's development.

Orientation of OOP OD. In the Federal State Educational Standard, special emphasis is placed on creating conditions for the socialization and individualization of children as a “minimum program” and their development as a “maximum program”, while the condition for creating a developmental educational environment is put forward as mandatory.

Requirements for the conditions for the implementation of OOP DO. Compared to the FGT requirements, the Federal State Educational Standards for Additional Education distinguishes fewer groups of requirements, and their content is not identical. For example, the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education does not have requirements for educational, material, medical, social, and information and methodological support for the educational process.

Modernization of Russian machine-building enterprises: potential, problems and ways to solve them

Some became part of the material and technical conditions, some were included in a special group - requirements for a developing subject-spatial environment.

The selection of the last group is due to the focus

preschool education programs to create conditions for the development of preschool children.

The main task of the staff of a preschool organization at the stage of introducing the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education

— carry out a detailed analysis for each group of requirements and identify what conditions

already available in kindergarten, which ones need to be created and what needs to be done for this. In addition, it is necessary to determine what conditions need to be created additionally, based on the characteristics of the functioning of this organization.

For example, modern requirements for personnel conditions provide for staffing an educational organization with qualified personnel who are competent:

in organizing events aimed at improving the health of students
and their physical development;
in organizing various types of activities for students;
in interacting with parents (legal representatives) of students and employees of the educational organization;
in methodological support of the educational process;
in the implementation of information and communication technologies;
in ensuring inclusive approaches to working with preschool children with special educational needs, including those with disabilities
etc.

The head of a preschool organization needs to analyze personnel conditions by answering the questions:

what experience and what qualifications are required from teachers to introduce the Federal State Educational Standard for Education;
do teachers have enough qualifications or do they need additional training,
advanced training (in what, where, in what volumes);
how to organize the selection, advanced training and (or) retraining of personnel for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education?

Depending on the characteristics of the preschool organization (for example, the presence of groups

different directions, structural units) there is a need to create additional personnel conditions.

So, if a compensatory group works in a kindergarten, then, taking into account its type, the organization’s staff should include relevant specialists (speech therapists, speech pathologists, typhology and deaf teachers, educational psychologists, etc.), as well as additional educational resources. support staff (for example, assistants for children with visual impairments), etc.

If there is a consultation center for families of preschool children in the kindergarten,

who do not attend this organization, the manager should provide the opportunity

attracting, for example, a social teacher to work in it, or sending educators to appropriate advanced training courses.

Often, during the analysis of personnel conditions, the need to attract employees of third-party organizations is revealed, for example, researchers from universities, research institutes, etc.

Requirements for the results of mastering OOP DO. Instead of the integrative qualities of a preschooler, defined in the FGT as the planned final result of mastering the educational program of preschool education, the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education proposes target guidelines for preschool education.

They are designated as social-normative age characteristics of a child’s possible achievements at the stage of completing the level of preschool education. Of course, guidelines differ from integrative qualities, since they reflect modern ideas about the goals of preschool education.

The specifics of preschool childhood (flexibility, plasticity of the child’s development, a high range of options for its development, its spontaneity and involuntariness),

as well as the systemic features of preschool education (non-mandatory level in the Russian Federation, the absence of the possibility of holding a child any responsibility for the result) make it unlawful to demand specific educational achievements from a preschool child. That is why targets are not subject to direct assessment, including in the form of pedagogical diagnostics (monitoring), and are not the basis for their formal comparison with the real achievements of children. Consequently, the development of preschool education should not be accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students. The results of children’s development, which are monitored by teachers three times a year (at the beginning, middle and end of the year), have not been canceled, but they are intended only so that the teacher can build an individual educational route for each pupil.

The question arises: if children’s knowledge is not assessed, then by what indicators will the activities of preschool educational institutions be assessed?

organizations? The kindergarten now faces challenges related to the development of children

and creating the necessary conditions for their solution. It is these conditions (fulfillment

requirements for the conditions for the implementation of educational educational programs) are the subject of assessment of the activities of the educational organization and the effectiveness of the work of teachers, including from the parent community.

In addition, targets act as the basis for the continuity of preschool

and primary general education and, subject to the above-mentioned conditions, a priori presuppose the formation in preschool children of prerequisites for educational

activities at the stage of completion of preschool education.

As for the child’s preparedness for school, what should he be able to do?

The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education states that it is necessary to develop motivational readiness for learning (after preschool life, a desire to learn should appear), and not just teach the child to read, write, etc.

Thus, at the stage of introducing the Federal State Educational Standard for Education it is necessary to:

analyze and understand the essence of the target foundations (settings and guidelines) of modern preschool education;

compare the tasks and principles of preschool education presented in the FGT and the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education;

determine areas for improving the professional competence of teachers, draw up a work plan for the methodological service of a preschool organization;

analyze the conditions created in each organization, each preschool educational group;

identify and try to level out existing problems that are under the jurisdiction of the preschool organization.

It is clear that one can expect immediate results from recently adopted regulatory

There's no need for documents. But you shouldn’t feel fear of them, which is still present.

So, let's summarize what was said above:

OOP DO is formed as a program of psychological and pedagogical support for positive socialization and individualization, the development of the personality of children and determines a set of basic characteristics of preschool education - volume, content and planned results in the form of targets for preschool education.

The Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education does not mention as mandatory the principles of integration of educational areas and complex thematic construction of the educational process that have long been accepted and mastered by kindergarten teachers. This fact cannot be taken as their cancellation or a ban on implementation. Of course, they should be used in preschool organizations to the extent necessary for the effective construction of the educational process.

To ensure the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education), it is necessary to carry out a number of activities in the following areas:

creation of regulatory, methodological and analytical support for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Additional Education;
creation of organizational support for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Educational Education;
creation of personnel support for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education;
creation of financial and economic support for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education;
creation of information support for the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards for Additional Education.

Each preschool educational organization is recommended to develop its own action plan to ensure the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, which will be aimed at:

Creation of a system of methodological work to provide support for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education
Creation of a working group of preschool educational institutions on the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards for preschool education
Development and approval of a plan - schedule for the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education in an educational organization
Creating conditions for the participation of teaching staff in educational and methodological associations of the education system
Identifying mentors for young professionals
Participation of management and teaching staff of preschool education to undergo advanced training courses
Participation in seminars and conferences on the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Education. Conducting pedagogical councils and other events in preschool educational institutions for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education
Organization of the work of points for receiving methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents of children receiving preschool education
Bringing local acts of educational organizations into compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education
Adjustment and implementation of state (municipal) tasks.

And a little for teachers. Today in our country the use of ICT is one of the priorities of education. As a result, new demands are placed on the teacher and his professional competence. A teacher or educator must not only be able to use a computer and modern multimedia equipment, but also create their own educational resources and widely use them in their activities.

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The feasibility of modernizing equipment in order to use it more efficiently was emphasized above. Considering the importance of this issue and the wide opportunity for all workers-innovators and innovators to participate in solving it, we will dwell on it in more detail.

Word "modernization" comes from the French moderne - newest. Modernization of equipment means updating it, bringing it into compliance with new modern technical requirements.

In the USSR, tens of thousands of machine tools and other machines are modernized annually, as a result of which obsolete (not meeting modern production requirements) equipment receives new properties necessary for its effective use. It should be noted that any modernization must be economically justified. Therefore, in the process of its design, appropriate economic calculations are made that determine the feasibility of the planned modernization work not only for the enterprise where the improved equipment will be used, but also for consumers of products processed on it.

The main tasks of modernizing existing machines are: increasing the level of mechanization and automation, increasing productivity, expanding technological capabilities, ensuring safety requirements, etc. Recently, increasing the accuracy and other quality indicators of the equipment being modernized has been of paramount importance. Experience shows that modernizing precision machines to improve their accuracy is in most cases economically justified, since the acquisition of new equipment of a higher accuracy class is always associated with significant material costs. When drawing up modernization plans, rationalization proposals are taken into account. Moreover, the greatest effect, as a rule, is brought by those proposals that are developed by creative teams consisting of machine workers, craftsmen and engineers.

Equipment modernization usually involves solving a specific issue in the technological process. Let's give a typical example. When processing parts of fuel equipment, a significant number of workpieces with a relatively large curvature of the axial profile of the hole being processed were received for the finishing operation performed on a honing and finishing machine. To correct these defects, short reciprocating strokes of the tool are necessary. The existing honing machines 3820 and finishing machines 3820D did not provide processing in the specified modes.

Rice. 23. Honing machine modernization scheme

To resolve this issue, these machines were modernized (Fig. 23). The machine was additionally equipped with a pair of thrust cams 3, which, by means of an electromagnet 10 mounted on the bar 1, are extended when necessary to ensure short strokes of the tool 11. After the end of the short stroke cycle, the cams 3 return to their original position, and the machine will again operate at long strokes. In this case, the axial stroke of the tool is regulated by the main stops 2, which are accessed by cams 4 connected to the hydraulic reciprocating stroke control panel.

A special three-way spool 8 serves to provide a constant number of short and long reciprocating strokes of the tool and is activated by an electromagnet 9 depending on the actions of the electromagnet 10. Chokes 7 and 6 regulate the number of long and short strokes per minute, respectively. As a result of the modernization of the machine, it was possible, while maintaining the range and speed of long strokes (50-80 mm, 150 strokes/min), to provide the necessary modes of short strokes (15-20 mm, 150 strokes/min). In addition, during the modernization of these machines, the spindle unit was also improved. The described modernization increased the accuracy of processing on machine tools.

The above example demonstrates the very wide possibilities for modernizing existing equipment to improve the quality of its work.

As a result of the active participation of operators in the search for ways to improve the accuracy of the machines they use, ways are often identified that remain outside the field of view of designers and other specialists. At the same time, workers’ proposals, as a rule, are simple and do not require large expenses. For example, laureate of the USSR State Prize, turner G. S. Nezhevenko drew attention to the significant influence of the accuracy of fixing the tool holder on the quality of products when working on lathes. The innovative worker suggested using two cylindrical ones, 1 and 2, instead of one conical clamp (Fig. 24). The introduction of this relatively simple improvement ensured the accuracy of the toolholder fixation when turning it within 0.01 mm and created the ability to perform a number of precision work on a universal lathe.

Rice. 24. (at the suggestion of the innovative turner G. S. Nezhevenko)