Reference manual for SNiP

SERIES FOUNDED IN 1989

Design of gyms, premises for physical education and recreational activities
and indoor artificial ice rinks

Editor E. I. Fedotova.

Developed by . The construction and technological issues of designing sports buildings with halls for practicing various sports are outlined.

For engineering and technical workers of design and construction organizations and architects.

PREFACE

The reference manual outlines progressive construction and technological solutions for the design of sports buildings with halls for acrobatics, badminton, basketball, boxing, wrestling (classical, freestyle, sambo, judo), volleyball, handball, athletics, artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, tennis , table tennis, weightlifting, fencing, football, indoor skating rinks with artificial ice, as well as premises for physical education and recreational activities for the population.

The design of sports buildings with halls and (or) indoor skating rinks intended for national teams of the USSR and the Olympic reserve is carried out according to special assignments of the USSR State Sports Committee; However, deviations from the recommendations given in this manual are possible.

Developed by TsNIIEP im. B.S. Mezentseva (engineers A.P. Golubinsky, I.S. Schweitzer, candidates of architecture E.M. Los, N.B. Mezentseva, M.R. Savchenko, N.S. Strigaleva, G.I. Bykova , A.V. Egerev, architect V.P. Rumyantseva, engineers A.I. Zuikov, N.A. Smirnova, V.A. Soldatov, V.V. Filippov, V.B. Shtreinbrecht). With the participation of Soyuzsportproekt (candidate of technical sciences B.L. Belenkiy, engineer Yu.V. Prokudin) and MISS. Kuibysheva (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Kholshchevnikov, Candidate of Technical Sciences A.N. Ovsyannikov).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The inclusion of dormitories or hotels in sports facilities for non-resident participants in competitions or training camps, their capacity and category are determined by the design assignment.

For those living in the dormitory, there is a canteen with a dining room for 50% of the residents.

The design of dormitories or hotels that are part of sports facilities is carried out taking into account the relevant standards; At the same time, in dormitories it is recommended to create blocks of two living rooms for 2-3 people each, with a sanitary unit with a washbasin, shower and toilet common to both rooms.

1.2. When a building with sports halls (skating rinks) includes administrative premises of councils of children's sports activities, sports schools, sports museums, masters of sports clubs and other premises not intended for sports activities, the composition and area of these premises are determined by the design assignment.

1.3. In adj. 1 shows the terms and their definitions.

2. AREAS (TERRITORY)

2.1. At the construction site, the pavement of driveways is accepted in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-85 for permanent or lightweight road pavements.

Separate paths for the safe movement of disabled people in wheelchairs leading to sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment facilities are provided with a width of at least 1.2 m, and their covering is accepted in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-85 for bicycle coverings tracks. The type of coverage of pedestrian paths is arbitrary.

2.2. The width of the paths for spectators to move around the territory of the structure is taken at the rate of at least 1 m per 500 spectators.

2.3. At the entrances for spectators to the buildings of sports halls and indoor skating rinks, to facilitate the process of entry and exit of spectators, free areas are provided at the rate of 0.3 m 2 per spectator per given entrance. The definition of the shape of the free area plan is shown in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. Determining the shape of the plan for the free area of the external
entrances and exits of spectators from sports buildings

h = 1.73d 1 ; , S = 0.3N - width of the entrance-exit, N - number of spectators per given entrance-exit; S is the estimated area of the site at the entrance and exit of spectators from the sports building.

3. SPACE-PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION
SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

General requirements

3.1. Gyms and skating rinks, depending on their purpose, can be: specialized or universal; with or without seats for spectators; sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment. The purpose of the hall (skating rink) is determined in the design brief. In the buildings of sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment halls and skating rinks, to ensure the use of these structures by disabled people in wheelchairs, measures are provided in relation to those given in the Standard Instructions, approved by the State Committee for Architecture. No. 187 of June 30, 1988, and paragraphs. 2.1 and 3.48 of this Manual.

3.2. The construction dimensions and capacity of skating rinks and specialized sports halls (except for athletics halls), as well as the dimensions and capacity of arenas for holding competitions in these types in sports demonstration or sports entertainment halls are taken according to Table. 1.

The dimensions of the halls (skating rinks) given in the table are based on the size and arrangement of one set of sports equipment and inventory provided for by the current Equipment and Inventory Table approved by the USSR State Sports Committee, and for sports games, in addition, on the requirements of the current Rules for these games, approved by the USSR State Sports Committee .

Table 1

	Construction hall dimensions, m		Bandwidth		Arena dimensions for competitions in a sports demonstration or sports entertainment hall, m
		height to the bottom of the rising structures	during educational training sessions in the hall, people/ shift	during competitions in the arenas of sports-demo-demonstration or sports-spectacular halls, people.		mini-small height (within the arena area)

Sport halls
1. Acrobatics
2. Badminton. For one site
3. Basketball. For one site				48 (4 teams of 12 each)
4. Boxing. For one ring
5. Fight:
classical
sky, freestyle, sambo				(For one carpet with a diameter 9 m)
judo. For one tatami carpet
6. Volleyball. For one site				48 (4 teams of 12 each)
7. Handball. For one site				48 (4 teams of 12 each)
8. Sports gymnastics
9. Rhythmic gymnastics. For one site
10. Tennis. For one site
11. Tennis
desktop. For three tables				(per table)	(per table)
12. Heavy
athletics For four platforms				(on one bridge)	(for one platform)
13. Fekhtova
tion. On four tracks				(per track)
14. Football. For one field				64 (4 teams of 16 each)
Indoor skating rink halls

ice skating	Working ice area (61´ 30)
16. Hockey				100 (4 teams of 25 each)

* When placing two or more courts in a hall, the width of two adjacent (lengthwise) courts can be taken as 15.1 m for badminton and 34 m for tennis.

* 2 With two carpets with a diameter of 9 m, the length is 32 m, with three - 46 m, with four - 60 m, and the capacity is 40, 60 and 80 people, respectively.

* 3 With two tatami, the length is assumed to be 36 m, with three - 52 m, with four - 68 m, and the capacity is 40, 60 and 80 people, respectively.

* 4 With three or more venues in one hall, the capacity of each is 6 people. per shift.

Notes: 1. When designing gyms with several playgrounds and (or) more equipment, the size of the halls and their capacity per shift increase accordingly.

2. For sports for which educational and training sessions are also provided in sports demonstration or sports entertainment halls, the capacity is taken according to the highest of the indicators given in gr. 5 and 6.

3. When the hall is intended for competitions not higher than the regional (regional) scale, the size of the arena area and height, as a rule, are taken equal to the size of the area and height of the sports hall (see gr. 2, 3 and 4), and the capacity - according to gr. 5.

4. Since the buildings of the sports buildings provide premises for individual strength training (see clause 3.7), in the boxing and wrestling halls the placement of exercise machines and other auxiliary equipment for physical training is not recommended. In these cases, the size of the boxing hall is reduced to 15´ 12 m, and the capacity is reduced to 14 people/shift. The wrestling hall shown in the table can accommodate two paired mats with a diameter of 7 m or one mat with an optimal diameter of 9 m for training sessions for beginners and junior wrestlers.

When auxiliary equipment is removed from the hall, the size of the hall with a carpet with a diameter of 9 m is reduced to 18´ 15 m with a capacity of 12 people, and with twin carpets with a diameter of 7 m - to 24´ 12 m with a capacity of 13 people/shift. In the latter case, the walls of the hall near carpets up to a height of 1.8 m should have soft upholstery.

5. When conducting simultaneous classes for men and women, a common place for floor exercises is provided (in the gymnastics hall).

6. In table tennis halls with a larger number of tables, the size of the hall is based on an area of 7.75´ 4.5 m for each table.

7. In fencing halls with a different number of lanes, the width of the hall during training sessions is based on the calculation of 5 m per lane plus 4 m for each lane in addition to the first, and the capacity is calculated on the basis of 5 people. for each track.

8. In accordance with the regulations of the USSR State Sports Committee, it is allowed to increase the size of the hall (arena) for football, but not more than up to 113´ 72 m, without changing the capacity shown in the table.

9. In sports demonstration and sports entertainment halls and indoor skating rinks, in accordance with the estimated height of the stands, the height of the hall (at least above the stand) in comparison with that given in the table can increase based on the fact that the distance from the floor of the last row of the stands to the protruding ceiling structures is taken at least 2.2 m. The minimum height of the hall required for “circus on the stage” performances (counting from the surface of the stage) is 10 m.

3.3. The construction dimensions of universal sports halls (skating rinks) are taken according to the largest of the indicators for these types given in Table. 1, and throughput - by the smallest specific area per student, which is determined as follows:

a) in halls (skating rinks) specialized for sports, the specific area per student is determined, for which the area of the hall (skating rink) for a given sport is divided by its capacity;

b) the capacity of a universal hall (skating rink) is determined by dividing its area by the minimum specific area obtained according to clause 3.3, a.

So, for example, the calculation of the capacity of a sports hall measuring 42´ 24 m (1008 m 2), intended for training sessions in badminton, volleyball, basketball, tennis and handball, is carried out as follows:

a) take from the table. 1 the dimensions and capacity of the halls specialized for each of these types, and determine the area per student: badminton - 15´ 9 m - divide the area by 8 and get an area of 17 m 2; volleyball - 24´ 15 m - divide the area by 24 and get an area of 15 m 2; basketball - 30´ 18 m - divide the area by 24 and get an area of 22 m 2; tennis - 36´ 18 m - divide the area by 12 and get an area of 54 m 2; handball - 42´ 24 m - divide by 24 and get an area of 42 m 2.

As a result, it turns out that the smallest specific area is 15 m2;

b) the capacity of a universal hall is determined by dividing its area (1008 m2) by the minimum specific area (15 m2) - 1008:15 = 67 people/shift.

3.4. Sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment halls and skating rinks are designed, as a rule, to be universal: with an arena that can be transformed to alternately host competitions in several sports or several types of cultural, entertainment or social events.

In adj. Figure 2 shows examples of plans for transforming the arenas of a sports demonstration or sports entertainment skating rink for holding competitions in a number of sports. At the same time, competitions in artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, acrobatics, wrestling (classical, freestyle, sambo and judo) and boxing are held on platforms, and competitions in volleyball, basketball, handball, tennis and mini-football are held on floors. When holding competitions in manual sports games in sports-demonstration or sports-entertainment halls with wooden floors, flooring is not used.

3.5. In sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks, for holding cultural entertainment and social events, a (usually collapsible) stage is provided. The size of the stage (including the artist accumulation area) is recommended, as a rule, to be 18´ 14 m in halls with an arena of less than 65´ 26 m and 24´ 18 m in halls with an arena of 65´ 36 m or more. In Fig. 4 adj. 2 shows options for placing a stage in the arena of a sports and entertainment skating rink. The choice of option is determined based on the possibility of maximum use of stationary seats for spectators located within the horizontal angle a = 120° and the permissible distance to the stage, taken to be 40 m. Outside the stage (behind or on the sides), it is advisable to provide a free area with a width of at least 3 m. The stage is equipped with two to six planar curtains.

3.6. In the buildings of sports demonstration and sports entertainment halls (except for athletics halls) and skating rinks, based on their universal use for competitions in many sports, a hall is provided for warming up the competitors, located in a convenient connection with the arena. At all times when competitions are not being held at the facility, it is recommended that this hall be used autonomously for educational and training sessions in sports games, and therefore there are locker rooms with showers and toilets attached to them. It is recommended to take the following hall sizes:

30´ 18 m (for badminton, volleyball, basketball) 8 m high with a capacity of 36 people/shift;

42´ 24 m (for badminton, volleyball, basketball, tennis and handball) 8 m high with a capacity of 67 people/shift.

Schemes of plans for the arrangement of equipment in these rooms are accepted, as a rule, according to adj. 3.

3.7. In buildings of sports buildings with one or more halls and in buildings of indoor skating rinks, one common room for the entire building is provided for individual strength training, including on simulators, located in convenient connection with the gymnasiums and locker rooms attached to them. The size of the room is assumed to be 12´ 6 m in a plan with a height of 3 m. With a capacity of less than 20 people/shift, the size of the room in plan can be reduced to 9´ 4.5 m. Approximate diagrams of plans for the arrangement of sports equipment in these rooms are shown in Fig. 7 adj. 3.

3.8. Gyms for weightlifting and athletics, gymnastics and football, as well as indoor skating rinks with artificial ice, rooms for individual strength training and other rooms that provide for the installation of platforms for training with weights, are located, as a rule, on the ground floor, and in the halls for athletics, football and indoor skating rinks, in addition, gates with a width of at least 3.5 m are provided for the entry of trucks. When the design temperature of the outside air is minus 15 °C (parameter B) and below, the installation of vestibules or air-thermal curtains is provided at the entrances to the hall (skating rink).

3.9. Enclosing and supporting structures, as well as the floors of sports halls, must allow the possibility of attaching stationary and portable sports equipment to them and be designed taking into account the loads from it. When calculating the load, it is necessary, in addition to the mass of the equipment, to also take into account the mass of the student, taken equal to 100 kg, taking into account its dynamic nature.

The composition of sports equipment and equipment for equipping sports halls for individual sports and skating rinks is accepted according to the current Table of equipment, equipment and other sports and technological means for equipping sports facilities for public use of the USSR State Sports Committee.

3.10. The design of the floors and the bases underneath them in the football and athletics halls, and in the skating rink halls, also the design of the cooling slab and the bases underneath it are designed for the additional temporary load from the passage of a two-axle truck. When the hall is located on the ceiling, the latter is calculated for a temporary uniformly distributed design load of at least 5 kPa (based on the highest load).

The design of the floor and the calculation of the foundations in the places where the platforms for training with weights are installed are carried out taking into account the impact load from the barbell falling onto the platform from a height of 2.4 m; The weight of the barbell in weightlifting halls is 250 kg, and in other halls and in rooms for individual strength training - 180 kg.

Platforms for exercising with weights should not be connected to the floor of the room and should be installed on an independent foundation. It is recommended to install a shock-absorbing device under the platform. The following option for installing platforms can be recommended: an opening is provided in the floor of the hall, where the platform is installed; in the opening on an independent foundation, a base with a flat horizontal surface is arranged, on which a spiral-rolled rubber hose with a diameter of 50 mm is laid, on top of which a platform is placed.

The use of weightlifting platforms is, as a rule, provided for factory production or made according to the drawings of VISTI - the All-Union Scientific Research and Design and Technological Institute for Sports Products (address: 127474, Moscow, Dmitrovskoye Shosse, 62). At the same time, as operating practice shows, when a barbell falls onto a platform, the surface of the platform is damaged in a fairly short time, which entails the need to replace the entire expensive platform. Based on this, standard platforms are used, as a rule, only in competitions where their use is mandatory, and for educational and training sessions, instead of installing platforms, it is recommended to provide a special floor design. This design provides for the construction of two concrete wells, having dimensions (clean) of 2.0´ 0.6 m in plan and a depth of 0.45 m. Two layers of wooden blocks are laid at the bottom of these wells, and five layers of sheet rubber or rubber-like materials (each layer 50 mm thick). Between the inner walls of the wells (the distance is 0.9 m) a plank or cobblestone floor is installed (along logs installed on a concrete underlying layer laid on the underlying soil). On both sides of the wooden floor, flush with it, sheet rubber is laid, which covers the wells and a zone 0.75-1 m wide on both sides outside them.

3.11. The designs of window frames and stained glass windows of sports halls, indoor skating rinks, as well as choreographic classes are designed to ensure the possibility of wiping glass and ventilation through transoms, vents or other devices.

Sport halls

3.12. Gyms intended primarily for educational and training sessions are, as a rule, specialized. For example, due to labor-intensive transformation (change of equipment), it is extremely undesirable to provide training sessions in sports games in the same hall alternately with classes in boxing, wrestling or artistic gymnastics. The most appropriate is to combine classes in several types of sports games (volleyball, badminton, basketball, tennis, handball) in one hall.

3.13. When designing universal sports halls measuring 42´ 24 m or more, it is recommended to provide for their division using lifting, sliding, etc. separating devices into sections, the size of each of which allows independent conduct of educational and training sessions in sports that require less space than the area of the hall as a whole.

In Fig. 2, a, b, c show options for dividing the halls into sections, and in Fig. 2, d shows the option of using the entire area of the hall for handball competitions. When using the hall for competitions in volleyball, tennis or basketball, each of these courts is located one along the hall.

Rice. 2. Options for plans for dividing halls into sections
(dimensions in meters)

a - plan of the hall measuring 42´ 24 m (or 45´ 24 m) dividing it into three sections for volleyball training sessions; b - plan of the hall measuring 48´ 30 m when dividing it into three sections for basketball classes; c - option for dividing the 48´ 30 m hall into four sections for volleyball classes; d - plan of a hall measuring 48´ 30 m when its area is used for handball competitions with spectators seated on wall-mounted bleacher stands

1 - transformable separating devices; 2 - volleyball courts; 3 - basketball courts; 4 - handball court; 5 - zone of wall-mounted bleacher stands for spectators

For more convenient use of the sections, it is possible to provide for each of them blocks of dressing rooms with showers and sanitary facilities, as well as inventory.

The capacity of a hall divided into sections is determined as the sum of the maximum capacity of the sections.

Dividing the hall into sections is associated with the need to apply protective measures against the glare of lateral natural lighting due to the location of the platforms across the hall. In addition, it should be borne in mind that in each section (especially those located in the central part of the hall) the fastening of sports equipment to dividing devices is excluded; therefore, the composition of sports equipment in each section is forced to decrease compared to a hall with a size equal to the size sections.

3.14. Examples of equipment layout diagrams on hall plans for educational and training sessions in artistic gymnastics, sports games, boxing and weightlifting are given in the appendix. 3.

Note: Due to periodic changes in equipment designs and the sheet of equipment and equipment approved by the USSR State Sports Committee, for specific design it is necessary to adjust the materials given in the Manual in accordance with the current drawings and the sheet.

3.15. In a sports building with a tennis hall, if there are two or more courts, it is recommended to provide a hall measuring 18´ 12 m, 6 m high with a training wall at least 3 m high. The capacity of the room is 4 people/shift.

3.16. Athletics halls are intended for both competitions and educational and training sessions. Purpose only for educational and training sessions (without seats for spectators) can be provided, as a rule, only if there is an athletics hall with seats for spectators in a given locality.

The height of athletics halls (to the bottom of protruding structures) is assumed to be at least 9 m in halls with stationary stands for spectators (see also note 2 to Table 1), and in halls intended for educational and training sessions - 9 m Depending on the design of the hall's surface, the height above the running tracks can be reduced to 4 m, and above the high jump, long jump and triple jump areas - to 5 m.

The dimensions of the halls for athletics in plan are determined depending on the parameters of the tracks for running in a circle and in a straight line and the number of seats for individual types of athletics accepted in the design assignment; At the same time, at least one place is provided for the long jump (triple jump), high jump and pole jump, shot put and, if possible, places for training throwing of the javelin and discus into a device for delaying flying projectiles.

The dimensions of these places and their capacity are given in the appendix. 4.

3.17. A track for running in a circle is a closed contour consisting of two parallel straight segments of equal length, smoothly connected by two identical turns (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Options for athletics track plans
for running in circles in the halls

I—turns are connected to straight sections using a transition curve; II - the entire turn is made with one radius

a - straight segment; b - part of the turn having a variable slope (in diagram I - includes a section of the transition curve); c - part of the turn that has a constant (maximum) slope; f — finish line; a is the central angle of rotation within which the turn has the same slope

Turns can be described by one radius (Fig. 3, b) or the pairing of turns with straight segments is carried out using a transition curve (Fig. 3, a), which is optimal; Multi-center turns are allowed.

The radii of single-center turns are accepted to be no less than 11 and no more than 20 m. When connecting turns with straight sections using a transition curve or for multi-center turns, the length of straight sections must be at least 35 m; in this case, the length of sections of turns having a curvature described by a radius of 25.6 m or more refers to the calculated length of the straight section. It is recommended to design tracks with a length of 166.67 m with single-center turns. Along the entire length of the turns of the track for running in a circle, turns must be arranged, having in the steepest part a slope of at least 10° and not more than 18° with a decrease in the slope by 53 for every 1 m increase in the radius of the turn within the central angle a, where the slope is constant . The value of angle a is recommended to be 125–135° when connecting turns with straight segments using a transition curve and 50–60° for single-center turns. It is not recommended to arrange a variable slope throughout the bend.

Stationary turns are usually made of concrete. Along the inner perimeter of the track for running in a circle, a stationary or removable edge made of hard material is installed, protruding 5 cm above the surface of the track and having a width of no more than 5 cm. The upper edge of the edge must be rounded and lie in the same horizontal plane. As a removable edge, flags with a size of about 0.25´ 0.2 m installed on a line marked at the edge location, 5 cm wide, on poles inclined inside the circle at an angle of 60° can be used (the pole should protrude 0.3 m above the surface of the track) at a distance of no further than 4 m from each other, instead of flags, cones with a height of at least 0.3 m can be installed on the line. It is recommended to replace the edge with the installation of flags or cones described above.

The estimated length of the track for running in a circle in accordance with the rules of athletics competitions approved by the USSR State Sports Committee should be no more than 200 m. In halls intended for training sessions and competitions, the optimal length is 200 m, and in halls intended for only for educational and training sessions, a length of 166.67 m is recommended. The estimated length is calculated along the conventional “measurement line”, located at a distance of 0.3 m from the outer edge of the material edge (or its substitutes), bordering the inner perimeter of the track and included in the size turning radius (but not the width of the track).

The finish line in running is, as a rule, accepted as common for all distances and is located at the junction of the straight segment and the turn.

On the track for running in a circle during competitions there are no less than four and no more than six separate tracks with a width of 0.9 to 1.1 m each. In halls intended only for educational and training sessions, the number of separate tracks for running in a circle can be reduced to two.

A 1.1 m high fence made of plywood, boards or plexiglass is installed along the outer boundary of the track for running in a circle on turns. The surface of the fence facing the path is smooth, without protrusions or crevices.

The capacity of a track for running in a circle is taken at the rate of 8 people/shift for each individual track with a length of 200 and 6 people/shift with a shorter length.

3.18. The length of the track for straight running consists of the length of the running distance itself, the space before the start line (usually 3 m long, but not less than 1.5 m) and the space after the finish line (at least 15 m long). In the latter case, if it is impossible to provide the required space after the finish, it is recommended to provide soft stops (for example, covering the wall in this area with mats) to guarantee safety for those involved.

For running in a straight line, a track is provided, as a rule, based on a distance of 60 m. If possible, a track is provided for running at distances of 100 and 110 m.

The straight running track for competitions shall have a minimum of six and a maximum of eight separate lanes, each 1.25 m wide.

The straight running track can be placed outside or inside the circle running track outline. However, it is advisable to place it outside the contour of the track for running in a circle, which allows its use both during competitions and during training sessions, regardless of the use and location of places for athletics jumps and shot put.

If the running track is located in a straight line inside the contour of the circular track, it can only be used during competitions, and its length must allow for running only at a distance of up to 60 m (with a circular track length of 200 m) or 50 m (with a circular track length of tracks 166.67 m). To make it possible to conduct training sessions in running in a straight line in these cases, it is recommended to additionally provide a track for running in a straight line, which can be moved outside the span of the hall, the number of separate tracks on it can be reduced to two or three, and the ceiling height can be reduced to 4 m.

The finish line for straight running in athletics halls with stationary stands is usually located at the continuation of the finish line for circular running, which makes it possible to receive all runners from the judge's box (see paragraph 3.48 and Fig. 9) without moving from one finish line to another. When reconstructing existing premises and destining them for competitions below the republican scale or only for educational and training sessions, individual deviations from the above parameters of treadmills are allowed, in agreement with the relevant committees for physical culture and sports.

The capacity of a track for straight running (regardless of the length of the distance) is determined at the rate of 4 people/shift for each individual track.

The total capacity per shift of athletics halls is taken as the sum of the capacity of treadmills for running in a straight line, in a circle and places for individual types of athletics that are not combined with each other and can be used simultaneously.

Examples of athletics hall plans are given in the appendix. 5.

3.19. In the buildings of sports and demonstration halls for athletics, for warming up before competitions, as a rule, a room is provided with a width of at least 6 m (in the building axes), a height of at least 4 m and a length, as a rule, equal to the length of the hall, but not less than 78 m. This room is located in convenient connection with the changing rooms for competitors and with the arena.

3.20. Floors in gyms, depending on the purpose of the sport, can be wooden or have a synthetic surface.

If the base of the floor is laid on the ground, then complete removal of the plant layer and measures are taken to eliminate deformations in the form of subsidence and bulging, as well as capillary suction of moisture under the covering.

3.21. It is recommended, as a rule, to install wooden floors in all sports halls (except for athletics and football halls) and to provide them of two types: I - from boards 37 mm thick (in a guard) and II - from bars with a cross-section of 60´ 60 mm. Type II floors can be made of two layers with a spacer between the layers of paper or glassine.

Floor structures with wooden covering types I and II are shown in Fig. 4.

Rice. 4. Schemes of wooden floor structures (dimensions in millimeters) Type I - plank; type II - from a bar

a - on the ground; b - on the ceiling

1 - wooden covering; 2 - lags; 3 - gasket 200-250 mm long; 4 - two layers of roofing felt; 5 - brick column on cement-sand mortar; 6 - underlying layer; 7 - foundation soil; 8 - leveling cement-sand screed; 9 - floor slab with an uneven surface; 10 - connections between lags; 11 - floor slab with a thin surface

Note: The span of the log (the distance between the axes of the columns) when installing floors of type I “a” is assumed to be 0.8-0.9 m

Wooden floors of type II are provided in gymnastics halls due to the fact that:

typical embedded parts for fastening gymnastic apparatus are fastened into the floor using screws 50 mm long, and the reliability of the fastening is ensured if the screws are completely located in the body of the floor covering;

when practicing on gymnastic apparatus, the floor of the hall (through embedded parts) experiences great forces in the places where the apparatus is attached, therefore, connections are provided between the lags, installed in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 2.5 m.

When installing wooden floors, keep the following in mind:

a) boards and bars are selected with as few knots as possible, the removal of which must be carried out by drilling them and laying wooden plugs;

b) boards and bars are laid along the hall, and their joints are arranged staggered and supported on logs;

c) fasten the boards (bars) to the joists with nails and always with an oblique face.

In cases where the hall is located on the second floor and there are auxiliary rooms underneath where people are constantly in them, it is recommended to provide sound insulation.

In particular, install soundproofing tape gaskets under the floor joists (Fig. 5):

mineral wool mats 40-50 mm thick stitched in paper;

mineral wool mats 30-40 mm thick on a synthetic bond;

quilted fiberglass mats 30-40 mm thick;

mineral and fiberglass boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm on a synthetic bond;

wood-fiber insulating boards 16-20 mm thick.

Rice. 5. Design diagram of a plank floor with a sound insulation device (dimensions in millimeters)

1 - wooden covering; 2 - lags; 3 - soundproofing gaskets; 4 - leveling cement-sand screed; 5 - floor slab with uneven surface

3.22. Synthetic coatings used for gym floors include those recommended by the USSR State Sports Committee and approved by the USSR Ministry of Health:

factory-made rubber-like materials such as “Rezdor”, “Arman”, “Olympia” and others, produced in the form of slabs or sheets with a thickness of at least 13 mm;

type "Regupol", produced in the form of rolls 1.25 m wide and up to 40-45 m long;

Self-curing self-curing liquids of the “Tartan” type, based on polyurethane and cold-curing liquid rubbers.

The design of a floor with synthetic coating is shown in Fig. 6.

Rice. 6. Floor design diagram with synthetic coating
(dimensions in millimeters)

a - on the ground; b - on the ceiling

1 - synthetic coating; 2 - fine-grained asphalt concrete; 3 - coarse asphalt concrete (binder); 4 - crushed stone base; 5—base soil; 6 - screed made of cement-sand mortar; 7 - floor slab with a flat surface

Synthetic coatings are made in one or two layers over a concrete or asphalt concrete base.

In athletics halls, it is most advisable to use either rubber-like materials or two-layer coatings with a top self-leveling layer with a total thickness of 16 mm; At the same time, in the take-off areas in high jumps, pole vaults and triple jumps, it is recommended to install a self-leveling coating to the full thickness. In the sector for the landing of the cannonball, rubber-like materials with a thickness of at least 30 mm are laid. On stationary concrete bends of the track for running in a circle on the concrete surface, a self-curing self-curing coating is provided. For removable bends (or parts thereof), the coating is applied to wooden panels laid on a metal frame.

Synthetic coatings can also be used in other sports halls. For them, a two-layer coating of regupol with a self-leveling top layer is recommended.

Rubber-like materials are produced by many rubber products factories. Laying them and self-curing self-curing coatings is carried out centrally by specialized organizations of the USSR State Committee for Sports.

3.23. The embedded parts for fastening equipment, embedded in the floors of the halls, are installed flush with the floor surface.

3.24. In athletics halls, for landing in the long jump and triple jump, a pit(s) with sand is provided in the floor, the surface of which is provided at the same level as the surface of the runway; In the floors of gymnastics halls, gymnastic equipment is provided with landing pits with soft filling. In universal halls for artistic gymnastics and sports games, as well as when the gymnastics hall is forced to be located not on the first floor, pits for gymnastic equipment may not be provided.

The dimensions of the landing holes for the long jump and triple jump are shown in Fig. 1 adj. 5. The dimensions of the pits for gymnastic apparatus are as follows: under the crossbar and under women’s parallel bars - 11-12 m in length and 2.5-3 m in width; for vaults - 5 m long and 2.5-3 m wide. The depth of the pits is 1.1-1.5 m. It is possible to construct a pit under the trampoline. In this case, the trampoline net is located at the floor level of the hall. The length of the pit under the trampoline is 5.53, the width is 3.23 m, the depth is assumed to be equal to the height of the trampoline structure. The pits are covered with shields flush with the floor of the hall, and when open, their edges are covered with removable soft sides. As a rule, foam rubber scraps are used as soft filler in pits near gymnastic equipment.

3.25. Designing universal halls for educational and training sessions in artistic gymnastics alternately with sports games is not recommended. If such a combination is necessary (based on the plan shown in Fig. 1 appendix 3) for floor gymnastic exercises, a carpet is provided instead of flooring, gymnastic walls are installed mainly on the longitudinal walls of the hall, the number of climbing ropes provided for both gymnasts and players are not combined and they are installed in the same place, the trampoline (portable, folding) is designed to be on the floor (and not in a pit), and mirrors are either not provided at all or are reliably protected from the impact of the ball. In addition, the inventory area is taken based on the need to completely free the hall area from gymnastics equipment during sports classes.

3.26. In halls for ball sports, protective devices are provided on windows and lighting fixtures.

3.27. In halls for sports games (including universal ones), the inner surface of the walls to a height of at least 1.8 m is provided vertical without protrusions or niches. If, however, within this height the structures protrude from the plane of the walls, then it is recommended to place sports equipment (gymnastic walls, etc.) or heating devices between them so that their surface facing the hall is flush with the surface of these structures; or between structures protruding from the plane of the walls (pilasters, columns), screens with a height of at least 1.8 m are provided to protect workers from possible injuries.

The design of screens on heating devices is carried out in such a way as not to reduce the functional qualities of the heating system.

The door frames of the halls for sports games are made flush with the wall of the hall.

3.28. The walls and ceilings of gyms are painted in light colors, and the material of the walls and their painting are designed so that wet cleaning can be carried out; In sports halls, the walls and ceilings are also designed to be resistant to ball impacts.

It is allowed to finish the walls with facing bricks with the joints running inwards.

3.29. In sports halls for educational and training sessions, built into buildings for other purposes or in the space under the stands, or assembled from light metal structures, the presence of columns is allowed if, in accordance with the arrangement of technological equipment and markings, they are in non-working areas and subject to safety zones.

Artificial ice skating rinks

3.30. Indoor skating rinks with artificial ice are, as a rule, intended to be universal - for alternate use in hockey and figure skating.

3.31. In the buildings of sports-demonstration, sports-entertainment and educational-training skating rinks, to ensure the educational and training process, premises common to the building are provided for individual strength and acrobatic training with a size of 12´ 6 m, a height of at least 3 and 6 m, respectively, and one choreographic class with a size of 12´ 12 m (in plan), a height of at least 4.8 m. To allow its autonomous use, separate dressing rooms are provided (with showers and toilets attached to them), based on a class capacity of 30 people/shift. Approximate diagrams of the plan for arranging equipment in rooms for individual, strength and acrobatic training and in a choreographic class are shown in Fig. 7, 8 and 9 adj. 3.

Note: When placing the trampoline sheet at the floor level of the room, the height of the room can be reduced to 5 m.

3.32. If the capacity of a sports demonstration or sports entertainment skating rink is more than 2 thousand spectators (not counting seats in the stalls), it is recommended to additionally provide an indoor skating rink for educational and training sessions in figure skating and hockey with a working ice area of 61´ 30 m. For autonomous operation of this skating rink, separate changing rooms are provided (with showers and toilets attached) based on the throughput per shift given in Table. 1.

If there is a training skating rink, the location of the premises for individual strength and acrobatic training, as well as the choreography class, is recommended in convenient connection with the training skating rink.

3.33. For a ballet performance on ice, the size of the ice area is 45´ 24 m. This area can be located either along the hockey arena or across it (symmetrically to the short axis). In the latter case, outside the area of the hockey field, close to it, an additional ice platform 24 m long (12 m on both sides of the short axis of the arena) and 15 m wide is provided (see Fig. 3, b appendix 2). This option creates the best (frontal) conditions for viewing the performance with a one-sided or crescent-shaped stand. In addition, when there are no ballet performances, an additional area (24´ 15 m) can be used autonomously for figure skaters to practice individual elements with a capacity determined based on 25 m 2 of ice area per student.

3.34. In buildings of indoor artificial ice rinks intended for figure skating (including universal ones), it is recommended to additionally provide a training ice area measuring 30´ 20 m for practicing individual elements of figure skating. In sports and entertainment skating rinks, in which the ice performance area is located across the hockey field, a training area for figure skating is not provided.

3.35. A diagram of the design of the cooling plate and the base under it on indoor artificial ice rinks is shown in Fig. 7.

Rice. 7. Scheme of the design of the cooling plate and the base under it

1 - cooling slab with refrigeration pipes concreted into it; 2 - protective cement screed; 3 - sliding layer; 4 - leveling cement screed; 5 - waterproofing layer; 6 — thermal insulation layer; 7 - waterproofing layer; 8 - leveling cement screed; 9 - reinforced concrete slab; 10 - underlying soil

The cooling slab is made of frost-resistant concrete grade F 75 and compressive strength class B 12.5. The thickness of the slab is no more than 140 mm.

Laying the cooling slab on subsidence or heaving soils is not permitted.

Seamless pipes are used to circulate the coolant. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete above the pipes to the surface of the slab is 30 mm. The cross-section of the pipes and the distance between them are determined by calculation.

The sliding layer consists of protective barriers (roofing felt, aluminum foil, sheet polyvinyl chloride) and a layer placed between them (about 5 mm thick) of materials with a low coefficient of friction (powdered graphite, talc, graphite-oil emulsion).

The thermal insulation layer is determined based on thermal conductivity and strength.

Intersection of the cooling plate structure with utility lines (except for refrigeration pipes) is not allowed.

To ensure the same thickness of ice, the cooling plate is made horizontal and its surface is flat (the gap between a 3 m long rail and the surface of the plate at any point is no more than 5 mm).

Outside the dimensions of the working surface of the hockey field (61´ 30 m), a strip of ice may be provided for attaching the sides. The need to provide a strip and its width are determined depending on the selected type of sides*.

* The Central Institute of Standard Design distributes a standard design of various types of hockey boards 319-M.

3.36. Outside the cooling plate, indoor skating rinks have channels to drain water from melting ice. In sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment indoor skating rinks, the width of the channel is taken to be at least 0.7 m; and the volume is at least 45 m3. In cases where a device is provided in the channel to accelerate the melting of ice, the volume of the channel can be reduced. The channels are covered with removable panels flush with the floor.

It is recommended to install channels for draining water from melting ice on the sides of the cooling plate that are free from the collectors of the refrigeration system. In skating rinks intended only for educational and training sessions, the width and volume of the channel are not regulated.

Seats for spectators

3.37. In buildings intended for competitions, seats for spectators are provided in the form of stands or balconies, and in sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks - in the form of stalls.

3.38. Tribunes for spectators are designed, as a rule, in stationary structures with seating; in some cases, transformable or collapsible stands are used. In recent years, in the practice of sports construction, prefabricated stands have been used extremely rarely, since their assembly and disassembly is labor-intensive and, in addition, requires significant storage space. Based on the above, the use of the following types of transformable stands can be recommended:

bleachers - stands consisting of sliding telescopic sections;

tribune-type stands.

Both types of such stands have a limited number of rows (usually within 8-10 for seating), and their use in each individual case is determined by the specific nature of their use.

The bleacher stand, in the form of retractable sections, has a strictly fixed location (attached to the walls of the hall or to a stationary stand with the first row raised above the arena) and therefore can have limited use. By extending a different number of individual sections, it is possible to change the capacity of this stand, which can be of practical importance during the operation of the structure.

The stall-tribune has a great advantage over bleachers, since it is mounted on a mobile platform and can easily move in any direction around the arena, providing the transformation required by the project. Due to the changing angle of inclination, the stall-tribune can be used as a regular flat stall, which is very important when transforming the arena for cultural, entertainment and public events (meetings, concerts, etc.), when a stall is required.

3.39. Zoning the location of spectator seats in the stands and constructing the profile of the stands, as well as determining the location of the observed point (focus) depending on the purpose of the hall according to the type(s) of sport are given in the appendix. 6.

3.40. To ensure visual perception of what is happening in the arena, when placing spectator seats on the balcony, it is recommended to place one row of seats on it and one for standing at the rate of 9 spectators per 2 m of the balcony. The balcony is arranged, as a rule, along the longitudinal walls of the hall and preferably so that the projection of the balcony is outside the arena; the balcony should also not interfere with the placement of sports equipment underneath it.

3.41. Seats for spectators are located outside the arena and the evacuation passage along the rows of spectator seats (if evacuation is provided along the passage in front of the first row).

Tribunes for spectators are located, as a rule, along the longitudinal sides of sports arenas; the location of stands at the end sides of the arena is provided for in cases where a given number of spectator seats cannot be placed within the distances allowed by visibility (see Table 2, Appendix 6), at the longitudinal sides of the arena.

In sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment halls and skating rinks for holding events in the arena that do not use the entire area of the arena, it is allowed to provide for the placement of temporary places (bleachers, stand-tribunes and stalls) for spectators directly in the sports arena.

3.42. Dimensions of seats in the stands:

row depth on stationary stands is 0.8-0.9 m (on bleaches it can be reduced to 0.75 m);

seating width - 0.45 m;

seating depth on stationary stands - 0.4 m (on bleachers it can be reduced to 0.35 m);

seat height above the aisle floor level is 0.43 m.

3.43. The estimated number of spectator seats in universal sports and entertainment halls with stalls is determined as the sum of seats in the stalls and in the stands minus the seats. located outside the horizontal angle of 120° with the apex in the middle of the far side of the platform and at a distance of more than 40 m from it. In the table. Table 2 shows data on the “loss” of seats in the stands of various configurations in arenas of the most common sizes and with the sizes of the stage given in clause 3.8. In other cases, the definition of “losses” is carried out based on the above values of distance and horizontal angle. If the “losses” of spectator seats in the stands during pop concerts and the installation of stalls exceed the accepted capacity of the stalls, the calculation of auxiliary rooms for spectators is carried out in the project based on the total capacity of all stands, but without taking into account the capacity of the stalls.

Note: Above the line the data is given for halls with an arena measuring 65´ 36 m2, below the line - with an arena 48´ 26 m. a - the maximum permissible horizontal angle within which spectator seats should be located . R - maximum permissible distance of spectator seats. 1 — stands; 2 - ground floor; 3 - stage; 4 - “lost” places.

Part two includes physical education and sports halls and arenas measuring 42 x 24 m or more, as well as halls 36 x 18 m or more for universal use.

In recent years, new types and forms of sports, physical education, recreational and leisure activities have been developing in our country, therefore physical education and sports facilities (Figure 1*) began to be used by all age and social groups of the population - from absolutely healthy people to the disabled, from professional athletes to persons using these facilities for leisure. Many new forms and types of physical education and sports activities have appeared that are in demand among a certain group of the population (aerobics, bowling, squash, rock climbing, etc.). In accordance with modern requirements, new features of physical education and sports facilities should be taken into account:

Ensuring accessibility of mass physical culture and sports facilities for people with disabilities, including special markings of halls and equipment of sanitary facilities;

The set of rules was developed in accordance with the State Contract with Rossport No. 209 dated December 10, 2002 within the framework of the subprogram “Physical education and health improvement of children, adolescents and youth in the Russian Federation (2002 - 2005)”, clause 17 “Development of architectural and planning standards for their application in the construction of physical education, health and sports facilities, taking into account the possibility of their use by disabled children."

The purpose of the development is to introduce progressive functional and technical solutions into the design and construction, as well as to improve the design process due to the lack of standard design.

This Code of Rules is a development of * “Public Buildings and Structures” and is a document at the federal level. The provisions of the Code of Rules are aimed at creating a full-fledged architectural environment that ensures the implementation of goals and objectives that arise in the process of organizing mass sports training of the population, physical education and rehabilitation classes for people of different ages, disabled people, including disabled children.

This document discusses only issues related to the main functional characteristics and properties of places for physical education, recreation and sports activities and the essential auxiliary premises for them:

Specific areas, indicators of the simultaneous capacity of playgrounds and study areas, the minimum required distances between them and the internal surfaces of enclosing structures;

Physical and mechanical properties and texture of internal finishing materials and also devices that protect the surfaces of walls, ceilings, light openings and lighting fixtures from impact;

The requirements and recommendations for space-planning and engineering-constructive solutions also contain the basic necessary information on dimensional parameters, engineering and sanitary equipment, texture, color and acoustic properties of the internal surfaces of premises, taking into account the possibility of using places for classes and auxiliary premises by people with disabilities ( including children and adolescents) of various categories (with damage to the organs of vision, hearing, musculoskeletal system).

The regulatory document considers halls for mass sports that do not require planning changes for the activities of people with disabilities or require only the addition of special equipment.

The graphic part of the document was developed on the basis of design experience, operating practice of physical education and sports facilities, as well as international experience.