Disc cutters. Disc cutter for metal Design features of a three-sided disc cutter

GOST 3964-69
(CT SEV 573-86)

Group G23

2250-0000

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

DISC GROOVE CUTTERS

Main Dimensions

Slot milling cutters. Basic dimensions

Date of introduction 1970-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Machine Tool and Tool Industry

DEVELOPERS

D.I. Semenchenko. Ph.D. tech. Sciences, G.A. Astafieva, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, N.I.Minaeva, L.P.Zub.

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR N 371 dated 03.14.69

3. Inspection period - 1994; inspection frequency is 10 years.

4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 573-86

5. INSTEAD GOST 3964-59

6. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS


	Item number
GOST 1695-80
GOST 9472-90

7. REISSUE (January 1992) with Amendments 1, 2, 3, approved in June 1980, August 1984, October 1987 (IUS 8-80 12-84, 1-88).

8. Tested in 1984

1. The main dimensions of the cutters must correspond to those indicated in the drawing and in Table 1.

Drawing. Main dimensions of cutters

Note. It is allowed to replace the chamfer with a radius equal to .

Table 1

Dimensions, mm


Designation	Applicability	, no less	Number of teeth	, no more	, no more

An example of a designation for a cutter with a diameter = 80 mm, width = 12 mm for a groove of 9:

Milling cutter 2250-0010 P9 GOST 3964-69

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

2. Dimensions of the keyway - according to GOST 9472-90.

3. For cutters manufactured centrally, the following is set: rake angle = 15°; clearance angle =20°; auxiliary angle = 1-2°.

4. At the request of consumers, it is possible to manufacture cutters with an increased number of teeth.

5. Permissible deviations in the width of cutters must correspond to those indicated in Table 2.

table 2


Cutter width	Maximum deviations of the width of the cutter for the groove

From 1 to 3

St. 3 to 6

St. 6 to 10

St. 10 to 18

St. 18 to 28

St. 28 to 40

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

By agreement with the consumer, it is possible to manufacture cutters with other width tolerances.

(Changed edition, Rev. 1, 2).

6. Technical requirements - according to GOST 1695-80.

P.7. application (Excluded, Amendment No. 3).

The text of the document is verified according to:
official publication
M.: Standards Publishing House, 1992

An unusually shaped cutting tool – a disk cutter – is widely used in metalworking. Small-diameter cutting saws are placed on grinders and used for cutting rolled metal, pipes, and plastic. In production, disc cutters are used to cut rolled steel into blanks, cut grooves and splines. Huge saws with a diameter of more than 1200 mm are installed at the end of the rolling mills. Rotating at enormous speed, they cut pipes, slabs, and profiles to the required size, without stopping the rolls.

Design Features

For work on a milling machine, they mainly use cutting and slotting disc cutters for metal GOST 2679-93. They are a thin disk with teeth along the edge - the outer diameter. They are made from high-alloy steels of the tool group. Main elements of the cutter:

hub with mounting hole;
disk;
teeth

The thickness of the hub is the same as the disk or greater than it within 0.2 mm. It has a mounting hole with or without a slot. The tool is mounted on a mandrel mounted on the machine spindle. Fixed with a washer and nut. For circular saws with a diameter of more than 200 mm, driver holes are provided as standard. They are drilled on the bushing in the amount of 4 pieces.

According to their purpose, disc cutters are divided into 2 classes:

cutting - for performing cutting and slotting work;
slotted - cutting, cutting grooves.

One of the main characteristics that affects cutting cleanliness and productivity is the type of tool - tooth size: small, medium and large.
The teeth themselves can be solid, cut along the edge of the disk, or inserted. Sharpening is done:
straight, along the cutting edge;
on 3 working sides - front and side;
with a backing – the cutting edge and the back side of the tooth.

The method of sharpening and the shape of the tooth are determined by the purpose of the tool, the hardness and viscosity of the metal being processed, and productivity.
Cut-off
A circular saw for metal has a circular cutting cutter; the tooth is cut from the body of the tool. The outer diameter size according to GOST 2679-93 is from 20 mm to 315 mm. The hole may have a keyway. The hub is missing in most cases. The cutting cutter has no difference in thickness.
Download GOST 2679-93

The profile of the chip flutes depends on the type of disk cutter and the number of teeth. The angle is maintained at 60 degrees, the depth of the groove and the sharpening angle change. On a medium and small tooth, a backing is made at an angle of up to 20 degrees relative to the tangent line of the outer diameter of the disc. The smaller the tooth, the less the tool feed, since the chips should flow out of the groove and not clog the grooves.
On type 3 cutters – with large teeth – the side surfaces of the cutting edge are sharpened. Combined with a deep groove profile, this allows for fast cutting with high feed rates.
When the circular saw operates, coolant is supplied to the cutting area. It promotes the flow of chips and prevents overheating that occurs when cutting metal with a cutter and friction of metal surfaces.
Slotted
Keyways and grooves have a specific configuration and require high precision and cleanliness of processing. For a slotted disk cutter, these parameters are ensured by the shape of the tooth and sharpening along three surfaces. The cutting edge on the sides forms a right angle.
Slotted disc cutters have a well-defined hub protruding above the cutter body by 0.2–0.6 mm.

The mounting hole has a keyway, which allows cutting with greater force, avoiding turning the tool on the mandrel.
Teeth are set - the plates are inserted into grooves in the body of the cutter and soldered. On large-diameter tools, fastening with wedges is possible. Assembly is carried out on a special tool plate, which ensures greater accuracy along the plane of the outer cutting edges. After a set of plates and their fastening, the disk cutter is checked for axial and radial runout. To do this, it is put on a mandrel and rotates. The indicator head is alternately brought to the end and radius.
Purpose of the tool
Cutting cutters manufactured in accordance with GOST 2679-93 are intended for processing cast iron and steel blanks and parts. They perform parting, trimming, milling grooves and spline grooves on external surfaces. A disk cutter for metal is used in various operations:
cutting pieces from rolled products;
trimming casting allowances and profits on small parts;
cutting grooves for fixing parts;
milling of key and spline grooves.

The smooth round axles in the conveyor chain do not fall out of their bushings only due to the fact that a plate is inserted into a narrow slot made by a circular saw.
The grooves at the end of the castle nut have a variable cross-section. Their sides are formed by rays from the center of the radius. Therefore, they are cut out in 2 passes, first along the tangent of one side, then the second end of the crown sample is cut to size.
The splines are cut using rectangular teeth with high dimensional accuracy according to H6 and H7. The spline width and depth are normalized and the tool is manufactured to the appropriate size and configuration.
Nuances of equipment selection
Cast iron is processed at low speeds of the cutting tool with low feed. The chips formed are fine, like dust. To work with such material, metal cutting disc cutters GOST 2678-93 are suitable. When cutting grooves according to accuracy class 4 and higher, a slotting tool is used.
The selection of grooves in parts such as shafts made of carbon and high-alloy steels is carried out on milling and gear cutting machines using disk cutters with brazed plates of the appropriate configuration.
The tool can be used on two-column horizontal milling machines if it is necessary to make grooves on the side of a large part. The area of use of discs with teeth is wide.

Milling is one of the operations in the processing of various materials. It is performed on machines using appropriate cutters. Tools manufactured in accordance with GOST 28527 are used when processing grooves in steel and cast iron products.

1 Design features of a three-sided disk cutter

The milling cutters produced have a different design, material of manufacture and, accordingly, are intended for a specific processing of certain materials in a manner intended for a specific type of tool. Disc ones are a flat cylinder of height (width) and diameter specified during manufacture, with a mounting hole and cutting teeth. Among this type of cutters, the main type is three-sided. Their teeth are located on the cylindrical surface of the disk and on both its ends.

Three-sided disk cutters are used for machining deep grooves and various ledges. They make it possible to obtain milled surfaces with a higher roughness class than when using other types of disk tools.

Three-sided cutters are of the following types:

with mechanical fastening on the teeth of carbide replaceable plates;
with insertable replaceable knives made of high-speed steel;
with insertable replaceable knives, which are equipped with carbide plates;
solid from .

Each of the listed types is made in accordance with a certain separate standard. It is the last type, solid cutters, that are manufactured in accordance with GOST 28527-90.

2 GOST 28527 – types and sizes of three-sided cutters

As stated above, GOST 28527 applies to solid three-sided disk cutters made from high-speed steel. It reflects basic technical information about this type of tool. GOST 28527-90 was developed to replace the outdated GOST 3755-78 and GOST 9474-73, introduced on January 1, 1991.

These cutters are intended for mechanical processing of grooves with the resulting maximum deviations according to N9, P9, H9 in cast iron products, as well as. According to GOST 28527, milling cutters with diameters of 50–200 mm are produced. The main purpose of such a disk tool is to process the following types of grooves:

general purpose;
keyed

This tool, according to the arrangement of teeth, must be manufactured of the following types:

1 – with straight lines;
2 – with teeth arranged in different directions.

The following versions by tooth size:

1 – with small;
2 – with a normal tooth.

Milling cutters of all types and designs are manufactured in the following sizes (in mm):

Diameter 50: width 4–10; with a bore diameter of 16 and a diameter of grooves at the ends of the cutter relative to its center of at least 27.
Diameter 63: width 4–16; with a hole diameter of 22 and a groove arrangement of at least 34.
Diameter 80: width 5–20; with hole diameters of 27 and groove locations of at least 41.
Diameter 100: width 6–25; with hole diameters of 32 and grooves of at least 47.
Diameter 125: width 8–28; with hole diameters of 32 and grooves of at least 47.
Diameter 160: width 10–32; with hole diameters of 40 and grooves of at least 55.
Diameter 200: width 12–40; with hole diameters of 40 and grooves of at least 55.

3 Number of teeth and other characteristics

Grooving cutters with tolerances N9, P9, H9 are manufactured according to customer requirements. For a general purpose tool, the width has a tolerance range of k11. Tolerance fields for the width of the tool, which is used when processing grooves with tolerances according to N9, P9, H9 - f8, e8, k8, respectively. At the customer's request, it is possible to manufacture tools with other width tolerances. Also, at the request of the consumer, it is possible to manufacture type 1 milling cutters with an increased number of teeth.

Number of teeth of type 1 cutters (with straight teeth) for the corresponding tool diameters in mm:

14 – with a diameter of 50.
16 – 63.
18 – 80.
20 – 100.
22 – 125.
24 – 160.
26 – 200.

Number of teeth of the 2nd type tool of the 1st design (with multi-directional small teeth) for the corresponding diameters in mm:

2x7 – with a diameter of 50.
2x8 – 63.
2x9 – 80.
2x10 – 100.
2x11 – 125.
2x12 – 160.
2x13 – 200.

Number of teeth of the 2nd type tool of the 2nd design (with multi-directional normal teeth) for the corresponding diameters in mm:

2x6 – with a diameter of 50 and 63.
2x7 – 80 and 100.
2x9 – 125.
2x10 – 160.
2x11 – 200.

All GOST 28527 tools are marked with an eight-digit digital index in the following format: 2240 –xxxx. Example notation:

general purpose milling cutter of the 1st type with a diameter of 50 mm, a width of 7 mm:

Mill 2240-0357 GOST 28527;

the same, but for a tool with a groove tolerance according to N9:

Mill 2240-0357-N9 GOST 28527.

For the keyway of this three-sided disk tool, the dimensions are regulated in accordance with GOST 9472. Technical requirements for the manufacture of cutters are in accordance with GOST 1695.

4 Technical requirements for manufacturing

According to GOST 1695-80, three-sided disk cutters must be made from high-speed steel that meets the requirements of GOST 19265. It is also permissible to manufacture this tool from high-speed steel of other grades, ensuring its durability and performance not inferior to cutters made from material in accordance with GOST 19265. Also by agreement With the customer, it is possible to manufacture tools from alloy steel 9ХС, which meets the requirements of GOST 5950*.

Upon completion of heat treatment, the unground surfaces of disk cutters must be subjected to a protective coating or chemical cleaning. There should be no traces of corrosion, cracks on the entire surface of the disk tool, and no burns, nicks, crumbled places on the cutting edges, and rough spots on polished surfaces.

The working part of the tool must have the following hardness:

63–66 HRC – for cutters made of high-speed steel;
62–65 HRC – made of 9XC steel.

The working part of a tool made of high-speed steel, which has a cobalt content of 5% or more and a vanadium content of 3% or more, must have a hardness of 64-68 HRC. This parameter is checked at the end of the cutter at a distance of 5 mm or less from the cutting edges or at the back surface of the cutting teeth. There should be no areas of reduced hardness or decarbonized layer on the working surface of the disk tool.

The following markings must be clearly marked on the end of each cutter:

trademark of the tool manufacturer;
diameter;
cutter width;
tool designation (last 4 digits);
tool or slot width tolerance;
brand of material.

5 Tolerances and other requirements of GOST 1695 for three-sided cutters

The maximum deviations of the following tool dimensions must not exceed:

width - according to GOST 28527;
outer diameter – js16;
keyways - according to GOST 9472;
mounting hole – H7.

Over the entire width of the tool at the outer diameter, the difference in size should not be greater than 0.04 mm. For cutting end edges, the deviation from parallelism should not exceed the tolerance for the tool width. In this case, deviation is allowed only in one direction - the undercut of the cutting edges, directed towards the central axis of the cutter.

Surface roughness according to GOST 2789, its parameters should not exceed the following values (in microns):

at the cutting part for the front auxiliary and main surfaces - Ra 1.6;
rear auxiliary and main surfaces – Ra 0.8;
support ends and mounting hole – Ra 1.6;
all other cutter surfaces – Rz 25.

On the rear minor and main surfaces along the cutting edges, a strip of 0.05 mm or less in width is acceptable. The cutter is considered dull when wear on its rear surface reaches 0.4 mm (permissible value).

The tolerance for the face runout of all supporting surfaces of the cutter relative to the central axis of the hole is 0.02 mm. Tolerance for the face runout of all auxiliary cutting edges at the radius of the outer circle that is furthest from the axis of the hole, relative to this axis and with rigid support on the end (all dimensions in mm):

for tools with a diameter of up to 80 – 0.03;
over 80 – 0.04.

At the main cutting edges, the radial runout relative to the central axis of the landing hole should not exceed, mm:

for tools with a diameter of 50 and 63 mm for:
- two opposite teeth – 0.040;
- two adjacent teeth – 0.025;
over 63 mm for:
- two opposite teeth – 0.50;
- two adjacent teeth – 0.030.

Date of introduction 01/01/70

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

1. The main dimensions of the cutters must correspond to those indicated in the drawing and in the table. 1.

Note. Chamfer replacement allowed With×45° radius R, equal With.

Table 1

Dimensions, mm

Designation	Applicability	Number of teeth	f, no more	With, no more

An example of a symbol for a cutter with a diameter D= 80 mm, width B= 12 mm for groove R 9:

Milling cutter 2250 -0010 P9 GOST 3964 -69

2. Dimensions of the keyway - according to GOST 9472-83.

3. For cutters manufactured centrally, the following is set: rake angle γ = 15°; clearance angle α = 20°; auxiliary plan angle φ 1 = 1 - 2°.

4. At the request of consumers, it is possible to manufacture cutters with an increased number of teeth.

5. Permissible deviations in the width of cutters IN must correspond to those indicated in the table. 2.

table 2

Cutter width IN	Limit deviations of cutter width IN for groove
Cutter width IN		By P9



St. 10 to 18
St. 18 to 28
St. 28 to 40

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

By agreement with the consumer, it is possible to manufacture cutters with other width tolerances IN.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

6.Technical requirements - according to GOST 1695-80.

P. 7, appendix (Excluded, Amendment No. 3).

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Machine Tool and Tool Industry

PERFORMERS

DI. Semenchenko, Ph.D. tech. sciences, G.A. Astafieva, Ph.D. tech. sciences, N.I. Minaeva, L.P. Tooth.

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 371 dated 03.14.69

3. Inspection period - 1994; inspection frequency - 10 years

4. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 573-86

6. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

7. REISSUE (April 1988) with Amendments 1, 2, 3, approved in June 1980, August 1984, October 1987 (IUS 8-80, 12-84, 1-88).

8. Tested in 1984

GOST 28527-90

INTERSTATE STANDARD

THREE-SIDED DISC CUTTERS

TYPES AND SIZES

Official publication

Standardinform

INTERSTATE STANDARD

THREE-SIDED DISC CUTTERS

Types and sizes

Disk-type side milling cutters.

Types and dimensions

MKS 25.100.20 OKP 39 1833

Date of introduction 01/01/91

1. This standard applies to three-sided disk cutters made of high-speed steel with straight and multi-directional teeth with a diameter of 50 to 200 mm, intended for processing general-purpose grooves and keyways with maximum deviations according to H9, P9, N9 in products made of structural steels and cast irons.

2. Milling cutters must be manufactured of the following types:

1 - with straight teeth,

2 - with multi-directional teeth versions:

1 - with small teeth,

2 - with a normal tooth.

3. The dimensions of type 1 cutters must correspond to those indicated in Fig. 1 and in table. 1, type 2 execution 1 - on the devil. 2 and in table. 1, type 2 execution 2 - on the devil. 3 and in table. 1.

Official publication Reproduction prohibited

Version 2

Table 1

Designation of cutters type

Applicability of cutters type

Number of teeth of cutter type

with, no more, milling cutters

execution

Designation of cutters type

Applicability of cutters type

Number of teeth of cutter type

with, no more, milling cutters

execution

Note. Milling cutters designed for processing keyways with tolerance fields H9, P9, N9 are manufactured according to customer requirements.

An example of the designation of a type 1 cutter with a diameter of D = 63 mm, a width of D = 10 mm for general purpose:

Mill 2240-0205 GOST 28527-90

The same, type 1 cutters for a groove with a tolerance range of P9:

Mill 2240-0205-R9 GOST 28527-90

4. After tolerance of the width of the general purpose cutter G - kll; tolerance fields of the width of the cutter G, intended for processing grooves with tolerance fields according to H9, P9, N9 - respectively k8, e8, f8.

At the request of consumers, it is possible to manufacture cutters with other tolerance fields for width G.

5. Dimensions of the keyway - according to GOST 9472.

6. Structural elements and geometric parameters of cutters are indicated in the appendix.

7. Technical requirements - according to GOST 1695.

8. At the request of the consumer, it is possible to manufacture type 1 milling cutters with an increased number of teeth.

DESIGN ELEMENTS AND GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF MILLS

Type 1 (Figure 4, Table 2)

table 2

Dimensions, mm










	10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20






	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28; 32

Type 2. Execution 1 (Fig. 5, Table 3)

Table 3











	12; 14; 16; 18; 20



	16; 18; 20; 22; 25

	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28

	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28; 32

Type 2. Execution 2 (Fig. 6, Table 4)

Table 4

Dimensions, mm










	12; 14; 16; 18; 20

Continuation of the table. 4





	16; 18; 20; 22; 25

	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28

	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28; 32
	12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22; 25; 28; 32

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Machine Tool and Tool Industry of the USSR

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated April 24, 1990 No. 980

3. The standard fully complies with ST SEV 117-89

4. The standard fully complies with the international standard ISO 2587-72

5. INSTEAD OF GOST 3755-78 and GOST 9474-73

6. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

7. REPUBLICATION. January 2008

Editor L.V. Koretnikova Technical editor V.N. Prusakova Corrector V.I. Barentseva Computer layout L.A. Circular

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