Fertilizer application machines. Machines for applying powdered fertilizers Preparation for work

Grinding and sifting of compacted fertilizers. Feeder that oscillates when moving 2, bunker-mounted 1, supplies fertilizers to a grinding device consisting of drums rotating towards each other 3 and spring-loaded shear plates 4. The chopper crushes clumped fertilizers. On the separating device 5, the crushed fertilizers are separated from the bags, and they are thrown out of the machine using reel rods. Cleaned, crushed and sifted fertilizers are carried by conveyors into piles, spreader hoppers or the bodies of transport vehicles.

The productivity of the unit when unpacking non-caked fertilizers is 30 t/h, when compacted - 20 t/h, when crushing compacted fertilizers - 20...30 t/h. The size of fertilizer particles in the crushed mass is no more than 5 mm.

Universal and special loaders are used to load fertilizers into transport and technological machines. You can load various materials first, and only fertilizers second. Loader diagrams are shown in Figure 8.2.

In agricultural production, machines with drum, chain, reel, centrifugal, disc and other sowing devices are used to apply fertilizers. Of the domestic machines, the most common are two types of sowing devices: disc (Fig. 8.3, A) and disk (Fig. 8.3, b).

Rice. 8.1. Unit AIR-20:

1 - bunker; 2- feeder; 3 - drum; 4- shear plate; 5 - separating device; 6- unloading device rods; 7- shipping conveyor
The complex of machines for applying mineral fertilizers includes fertilizer seeders RTT-4.2A with disc sowing units and spreaders with centrifugal working bodies MVU-0.5A, MVU-5, 1-RMG-4, STT-10, RUM-8, RUP -14, etc. The main performance indicators of some of them are given in Table 8.1.

8.1. Technical characteristics of machines for applying mineral fertilizers

R
Spreaders such as RUM-8, 1-RMG-4, STT-10 and others are used for spreading mineral and low-dust lime fertilizers.

Machine 1-RMG-4 made in the form of an all-welded body / (Fig. 8.4), along the floor of which the upper branch of the rod conveyor moves 2. A dosing device is mounted on the rear wall of the body 4, adjustable by damper. The body rests on a sprung chassis.

Rice. 8.3. Fertilizer sowing devices:

A- disc-shaped; b- disk; 1 - arch-breaking device; 2 - dumper; 3 - shield; 4- plate
The body rests on a sprung chassis. A fertilizer divider 10 is installed behind the body, which directs the flow of fertilizer to two spreading discs.

Rice. 8.4. Machine 1-RMG-4:

A- technology system; 6- thread splitter circuit; 1 - body; 2 - conveyor; 3- hydraulic cylinder; 4- dosing device; 5, 12 x>z-throwing discs; 6 - windproof device; 7- pneumatic roller; 8- running wheel; 9- trailer support; 10 - thread divider; 11 - hinged inner wall; 13 - shoulder blade
Doses of fertilizer application (100...5000 kg/ha) are regulated by changing the speed of the conveyor and the metering valve. The uniformity of sifting is established by moving the fertilizer divider along the body and turning the inner walls of the trays. Spreading strip width 6...14 m, operating speed 6...10 km/h. The 1-RMG-4 machine is aggregated with a tractor of traction class 1.4.

Dust-like lime fertilizers are applied with pneumatic spreaders: automobile ARUP-8 and tractor RUP-10 and RUP-14.

Spreader ARUP-8(Fig. 8.5) is a tank-semi-trailer S-927 with a capacity of 7 m 3 in a unit with a ZIL-130V1 automobile tractor. The spreader consists of a compressor, air purification filters, a loading device, a moisture-oil separator and a spraying device.

To load the tank, the suction line is connected through filters, and the discharge line is led outside to release the sucked air. After turning on the compressor, the nozzle 10 immersed in material, which, under the influence of vacuum, enters the tank together with air. To prevent clogging of the nozzle, regulate the supply of atmospheric air into it. When filling the tank, a membrane level switch 5 turns on the sound signal.

Rice. 8.5. Diagram of the ARUP-8 dust fertilizer spreader vehicle:

1 - suction air duct; 2, 14- discharge air duct; 3- pressure-vacuum gauge; 4 - first stage filter; 5-level indicator; 6- aerofoil; 7-loading pipe; 8- tank; 9- sleeve; 10- nozzle; 11 - spraying device; 12- second stage filter; 13- third stage filter; 15- compressor; 16- safety valve; 17- bypass valve; 18- moisture-oil separator; 19- pneumatic cylinder; 20 - tip
The tank is unloaded by aerating the material with an air flow. For this purpose, an aero bottom is mounted in its lower part. Air pumped by compressor 15, through the moisture-oil separator 18 and the valve system through the pipeline 2 enters the air bottom and through its porous partition into the tank. As it passes through the material, it aerates it. Thanks to this, the material acquires the properties of a liquid. Under the influence of pressure in the tank and thanks to its inclination by 7° towards unloading, the material flows to the unloading pipe and enters the sawing device 11. The amount of material is adjusted within 1...6 t/ha, closing the unloading slot using rollers and a pneumatic cylinder.

Spreader load capacity 8 t, working width 12...14 m, operating speed 9.2...12.5 km/h, productivity 10.5 t/h.

8.3. MACHINES FOR APPLYING ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Organic fertilizers are applied to the soil up to 40...60 t/ha using special machines (Table 8.2). All of them, except RUN-15B, have approximately the same operating schemes and are structurally designed in the form of a tractor trailer.

8
.2. Technical characteristics of machines for spreading organic fertilizers
Machine ROU-6M(Fig. 8.6) is intended for transporting and spreading manure, peat, composts. The main parts of the machine: frame, body, chain-slat conveyor, spreading device, running wheels and transmission mechanism with inductor. The spreading device consists of auger rabans - a grinding 2 and spreading 3. Conveyor 1 driven by crank and ratchet mechanisms from the tractor PTO.

From the body, a chain-slat conveyor transports the fertilizers to the spreading device, which crushes them and scatters them across the field.

Rice. 8.6. Machine for applying organic fertilizers ROU-6M:

A- general form; b- conveyor; 1 - chain-slat conveyor; 2- grinding drum; 3 - spreading drum; 4 - transmission protective cover; 5- body extension; 6- stretching device; 7-connecting rod; 8- rocker; 9 And 10- driving and safety pawls; 11 - frame beam; 12 - ratchet wheel; 13 - support bearing; 14 And 17- driving and driven shafts; /5 - drive sprocket; 16- driven roller; 18- tension bolt; 19 - screw; 20 - chain; 21 - scraper; 22 - crank body; 23 - crank disc
The dose of fertilizer application depends on the speed of movement of the conveyor and the unit. It is calculated using the formula

(8.1)

Where q- second consumption of fertilizers from the body, kg/s; IN R- width of the spreading strip, m; v p - forward speed of the spreader, m/s.
Secondary fertilizer consumption

(8.2)
where v-tp is the speed of movement of the conveyor, m/s; N- thickness of the fertilizer layer in the body, m; L- beater length, m; p - fertilizer density, kg/m3.

Taking into account formula (8.2), expression (8.1) will take the form

(8.3)

For a given fertilizer application rate and forward speed of the machine, as well as for known design parameters, its conveyor speed.

Machines for applying liquid organic fertilizers are called spreaders. In agriculture, spreaders RZHU-3.6A, RZhT-4M, MZhT-F-6, MZhT-10, etc. are used. The principle of their operation is the same.

RZhT-4M machine(Fig. 8.7) is a tank-semi-trailer, the front part of which rests on the tractor hydraulic hook, and the rear part on the balancing trolley. The self-unloading device of the spreader consists of a vacuum pump UVB-02.000, a pipeline, a suction hose and a rod with a pressure-mixing device, which includes a feed pump and a movable plate with a pipe, which can be combined with the pouring or mixing pipes using a hydraulic cylinder.

Rice. 8.7. Machine for applying liquid fertilizers RZhT-4M:

/ - tank; 2 - filling rod; 3 - electrical equipment; 4 - distribution mouth-iho; 5-flap; 6- pressure-mixing device; 7-way part; -re-luctor; 9 - cardan shaft; 10- brake system; 11 - hydraulic system; 12 - countershaft; 13- vacuum system; 14 - safety device

The spreader is also equipped with a distribution device in the form of a shield, installed at an angle of 27° to the horizontal. The drive of the working parts (vacuum and feed pumps) is carried out from the tractor PTO through the cardan shaft, counter drive, gearbox and V-belt drive. The hydraulic brake system is interlocked with the tractor pedal. To prevent working fluid from entering the vacuum pump when the tank is self-loading, a safety ball-shaped device is provided. The opening of the suction pipeline is blocked by a ball when the tank is filled. Remote control of the filling rod, valve and cam clutch, which transmits rotation to the vacuum pump or feed pump, is carried out by a hydraulic system consisting of four hydraulic cylinders, pipelines and a high-pressure hose.

Fertilizers are distributed across the field using a feed pump and a deflector plate. At the same time, the tractor PTO is turned on, the valve of the pressure-mixing device is opened and the liquid is pumped through the pressure hose, the spill pipe is supplied to the reflective shield and evenly distributed over the field surface.

Unit AVV-F-2.8(Fig. 8.8) is intended for intrasoil application of liquid organic fertilizers and organic-mineral mixtures with a moisture content of at least 92% in meadows, pastures, and stubble fields. The unit consists of an MZHT-10 machine and a device attached to it.

Machine MZHT-10 delivers fertilizer through a pressure pipeline to a distribution device, which directs it through flexible hoses to feeding tubes attached to the legs. The knife cuts the top sod layer of soil, facilitating the movement of the paw in a buried position. The paw lifts the layer with blades and embeds fertilizer under it. The following skating rink

at compacts the soil.

The machine is coupled with the T-150K tractor. The spreading width of the spreader is 2.8 m, the operating speed of the unit is up to 6 km/h.

Rice. 8.8. Diagram of the AVV-F-2.8 unit:

1 - tank; 2- Switchgear; 3 - press roller; 4- feeding tube; 5 - paw; 6- section; 7-disc knife; 8- frame; 9- hydraulic cylinder; 10- pressure pipeline; //-bracket

Chapter 9
SEEDING AND PLANTING MACHINES
9.1. SOWING AND PLANTING SCHEME, AGROTECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MACHINES
The main task of sowing and planting is to optimally place seeds, tubers and seedlings in the soil in order to obtain maximum yield. The most common sowing and planting patterns are shown in Figure 9.1.

TO
sowing and planting machines are subject to the following agrotechnical requirements: deviation of the actual rate of seed sowing from the specified rate is no more than 3%, and the application of mineral fertilizers is no more than ± 10%; unevenness of sowing in rows, i.e. with separate sowing devices, for grains no more than 6%, legumes - 10%, grasses - 20%; the deviation of the planting depth of individual seeds from the average value is no more than ± 15%, which at a sowing depth of 3...4 cm is ± 0.5 cm, at 4...5 cm - ± 0.7 cm, at 6... 8 cm -+ 1 cm; damage to seeds when sowing grain crops is not higher than 0.2%, grain legumes - 0.7%, corn - 1.5%, sugar beets - 0.5%; the deviation of the width of the butt row spacing from the width of the main one is no more than ± 5 cm. When sowing, the straightness of the rows must be ensured. Mistakes are not allowed.

Seeding and planting machines can be classified

according to purpose, methods of sowing (planting) and aggregation with a tractor.

Seeders can be universal (for sowing different crops) and special (for sowing seeds of one crop). By purpose, seeders are distinguished for grain, corn, beet, cotton, flax, vegetable, for sowing grass seeds, melons, etc., according to the method of sowing - row, narrow-row, nested, dotted and scattered, according to the method of aggregation - trailed, mounted and semi-mounted.
9.2. ROW GRAIN SEEDERS
The working parts of grain seeders include the seed box, sowing units, seed tubes and coulters with closing devices. Grain seeders also include a frame with a linkage mechanism or a trailer, support-drive wheels, a mechanism for lifting and setting the depth of travel of the coulters, and mechanisms for transmitting motion from the wheels to the shafts of the sowing devices.

The trailed grain seeder S3-3.6A and its modifications SZU-3.6A (narrow-row), SZP-3.6A and SZP-16 (press), SZK-3.6A (roller), SZT-3.6A ( herbal), etc. They are used for sowing grain on prepared soil. For sowing cereal grains and leguminous crops on the stubble background with the simultaneous introduction of granular mineral fertilizers into the rows, direct seeding seeders SZPP-4 and SZPP-8, stubble seeding seeders-cultivators SZS-12, SZS-6, etc. are used. The main performance indicators of the seeders are given in table.
Technical characteristics of grain seeders

Index	SZ-3.6A	SZU-3.6A	SZP-3.6A	SZP-16	SZK-3.6A	NWFP-8	SZS-12
Working width, m Number of seeds sown Row spacing, cm	3,6 15	3,6 6,5; 8,5	3,6	15,6 104	3,6 15	7,8	12,3 54

The C3-3.6A seeder (Fig. 9.2) rests on two support-drive wheels. The frame is a frame on which two grain and fertilizer boxes are mounted. 24 reel sowing units are bolted to the bottom of the box, and the same number of reel-and-pin fertilizer sowing units are attached to the rear wall. Corrugated rubber seed tubes are attached to the funnels of the latter. The design of the seed tubes of grain seeders can be spiral-belt, corrugated rubber or tubular. The lower end of the seed tube is fixed with a cotter pin in the neck of the double-disc opener. Under the rear beam of the frame, hooks are fixed on two hollow square shafts.

The openers are raised and lowered using levers and a hydraulic cylinder. The depth of their stroke (from 4 to 8 cm) is adjusted with a screw.

Rice. 9.2. Seeder diagram S3-3.6A:

1 - grain box; 2-coil-pin device; 3 - reel grooved apparatus; 4- wheel; 5-loop; 6- - zagortach; 7-coulter; S, 11 - round and square shafts; 9- adjusting screw; 10- hydraulic cylinder; 12- counter drive shaft
Depending on their design, the crop being sown and the condition of the soil, openers are divided into single- and double-disc, keel-shaped, skid-shaped, tubular, tine-shaped, etc. (Fig. 9.3). On the C3-3.6A seeder and its modifications, disc coulters are mainly installed. The coulter disks of a wide-row seeder (Fig. 9.3, b) are attached to the body at an angle of 10°, and those of a narrow-row seeder (Fig. 9.3, V)- at an angle of 23°. This makes it possible to install a divider between the discs of the coulter of a narrow-row seeder, which divides the seed flow coming from the seed tube into two parts and obtains two rows with a row spacing of 6.5...7.5 cm.

The seed sowing devices of each bunker are equipped with a group seeding rate regulator, which includes a scale and a lever for axial movement of the shaft with reels and changing the working length of the latter simultaneously in all sowing devices. The reels are driven into rotation from both support wheels using chain drives and a gearbox. The gearbox is used to change the rotation speed of the coils. The combination of adjusting the working length of the coil and the gear ratio allows you to change the seeding rate

seeds within a wide range (for wheat from 70 to 230 kg/ha).

The seeding rate is selected according to the diagram (Fig. 9.4) and checked at the first

R is. 9.5. Three-seeder unit:

/ - extreme rows; 2, 10? 11 - seeders SZ-3.6A; 3, 9 - markers; -/- track indicator; 5, 13- traces of markers; 6 -tractor; 7-teeth harrows; 8- hitch; 12 - unseeded strip
To do this, calculate the mass of seeds required for sowing, kg,

(9.1)

Where L- length of the run, m; IN- seeder working width, mm; b-seed sowing rate, kg/ha.

The calculated mass of seeds is poured into the seed box of the seeder and two runs are driven (there and back). At the end of the second rut, based on the consumption of the estimated seed mass, the correct installation of the seeder at the seeding rate is determined. If seeding deviates from the norm, the sowing devices are adjusted and rechecked.

For sowing with constant butt row spacing b st(distance between rows) of adjacent passes of sowing units and to ensure straightness of movement, hydraulic markers are installed on the seeders (Fig. 9.5). The marker consists of a sliding rod with a disk, which in the working position forms a groove - a trace 13 from the side of the unsown field. During the subsequent passage, the driver directs the right front wheel (caterpillar) or the plumb line of the track indicator along the track of the marker.

The distance / m (m) from the disc to the outer coulter is called the marker reach. It is calculated using the formula

(9.2)

Where VR - working width of the unit, m; b - butt row spacing width, m; с is the distance between the centers of the front wheels of the tractor, m: + for the left marker, - for the right.

The reach of the track indicator for a three-seeder unit is calculated using the formula

(9.3)

In this case, the offsets / m of the right and left markers are set to be the same.
9.3. SEEDERS FOR SOwing ROW CROPS
Seeds of row crops (corn, sunflower, soybeans, cotton, etc.) are sown in a wide-row manner with row spacing of 45...90 cm in order to mechanize care during the growing season. To sow these crops, special seeders are used to ensure uniform placement of seeds in the row.

U universal pneumatic mounted seeder SUPN-8A (Fig. 9.6) is intended for sowing in a dotted manner calibrated

and uncalibrated seeds of corn, sunflower and other crops with local application of granular fertilizers. It consists of a frame made in the form of a spatial truss, a centrifugal fan with a hydraulic drive, disc-scraper fertilizer sowing devices, support-drive wheels with a gear mechanism, footrests and markers. Eight sections are installed on the frame, including suspensions, openers and seeding units. The seeder is equipped with a device for monitoring the operation and level of seeds in the bins.

The working bodies are driven from the support-drive wheels using gear mechanisms. A fan creates a vacuum in the horseshoe-shaped cavity of the seed meter cover. The main working element of the sowing apparatus is a perforated disk that rotates around a horizontal axis. As the disk rotates, its holes alternately find themselves in zones of rarefaction and atmospheric pressure. Seeds coming from the intake chamber and entering the vacuum zone are sucked to the holes of the disk due to the vacuum. Their movement towards the seeding disc is ensured by a turner. The seeds are transferred by a disk to the lower part of the apparatus, where there is no vacuum. Here, in the atmospheric pressure zone, the seeds move away from the hole and fall onto the compacted furrow bottom formed by the opener. The fork located in the upper part of the intake chamber helps to suction only one grain to the hole.

Mineral fertilizers from the fertilizer sowing devices pass to the fertilizer heels of the coulters. They are placed at some distance from the seeds and, together with them, embedded in the soil with harrows. Press wheels compact the soil above the rows, and the trails level the surface of the sown field and cover the row area with a mulching layer of soil.

The seeder is aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4. The productivity of the unit reaches 5 hectares per hour of main time at an operating speed of up to 9 km/h.

Beet seeder SST-12B (Fig. 9.7) sows calibrated single-germ and pelleted sugar beet seeds and at the same time applies mineral fertilizers separately from the seeds. This mounted machine consists of a frame, two support wheels with a drive mechanism for sowing units, fertilizer sowing units, sowing sections, markers, two foot boards and support arms.

The discs of the seed and fertilizer sowing devices are driven into rotation from the support-drive wheels through a gear-chain transmission. Seeds packed into the hopper fill the cells of the sowing disc and reach the release point. The combing roller, rotating, removes excess seeds above the cells. In the lower part of the apparatus, the seeds, one after another, are forcibly ejected from the cells by an ejector and fall onto the compacted bottom of the furrow formed by the seed coulter.

R
is. 9.7. Seeders SST-12B and SST-8A:

A- technology system: 1 - wheel; 2, 3, 4, 17- chains; 5- fertilizer sowing apparatus; b- fertilizers; 7-fuel line; 8 - combing roller; 9- seeds; 10 - sowing disc; 11 - press wheel; 12, 13 - hiders; 14- ejector; /5 - seed coulter; 16 - fertilizer coulter; 6 - fragment of the sowing disc
The sowing disk of the device carries along the bottom layer of fertilizers, and the scrapers direct them through the windows into the fertilizer pipes. They are then fed into the furrows formed by the fertilizer coulter. The furrow is covered with soil due to self-sapling and compacted with the rear wheel. This wheel compacts the soil above the seeds, bringing them into contact with the soil to allow moisture to reach them. The following harrows cover the furrow with a damp mulching layer of soil, forming a mound 1...3 cm high. This height is achieved by adjusting the activity of the wings of the zagort-chey.

The seed sowing rate (8...50 thousand per 1 ha) is regulated by changing the number of cells on the disk and its rotation speed. For different seed fractions, the seeder is supplied with two sets of discs with three rows of blind cells of different diameters and depths:

To sow seeds at small rates, the seeder is equipped with discs with one row of cells. In all other cases, in order to reduce the seeding rate, one row of cells is covered with a special sector. The rotation speed of the seeding disc is changed by installing the gearbox chain on the required sprockets.

The seeders are mounted with tractors of traction classes 1,4 and 2. The productivity of the unit is 2.81 hectares per hour of main time at an operating speed of 5.2 km/h and a working width of 5.4 m.

For dotted seeding of sugar and fodder beet seeds, the industry produces SST-18B and SST-8B seeders. They are similar in design to SST-12B.
9.4. VEGETABLE SEEDERS
Vegetable seeds are sown in wide-row, band, dotted and nesting methods. For this purpose, special vegetable seeders SO-4.2, SUPO-6A, SLS-12, etc. are used.

Seeder SO-4.2 designed for sowing vegetable seeds on flat, bed and ridge surfaces with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers. Main parts of the seeder: reel sowing 10 (Fig. 9.8) and coil-pin 3 fertilizer sowing machines, two-section bunker divided into fertilizer 6 and 7 seed sections, skid coulters, disc coulter sections, drive wheels, gear mechanism, markers, foot board and automatic coupling lock. A tedder is installed in the seed part of the bunker, and a blower auger is installed in the fertilizer part. For small-seeded crops, plug-in bins are installed above the sowing units. Augers and tedders deliver seeds and fertilizers to the receiving chambers of sowing devices, which dump them into fertilizer and seed pipes 2, 11. runner-like 1 and disk 12 coulters embed fertilizers and seeds into the soil separately, while the fertilizers are 2...3 cm deeper.

The working width of the seeder is 3.5...4.8 m, operating speed is up to 10 km/h, productivity is 2.8...3.8 ha/h. The seeder is mounted on the MTZ-80 tractor using the SA-1 automatic coupler.

Seeder SUPO-6A designed for precise (dotted and nested) sowing of seeds of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, zucchini and cabbage on a flat surface and beds. It is equipped with pneumatic seeding devices and operates like SUPN-8A. Working width 4.2 m, working speed 5...9 km/h, productivity 2.1...3.8 ha/h. The seeder is aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4.

Semi-mounted seeder SLS-12 (Fig. 9.9) is designed for precise sowing of onion sets and row sowing of garlic cloves on a flat and profiled surface. The main parts of the seeder: frame, hopper, sowing devices, gear mechanism, coulters, support wheels, markers, rear wheel rolling mechanism and gearbox. The sowing device is a conveyor chain with special grips (forks) attached to it for seeding.

When passing along the stationary bottom of the box, excess onions roll into the fence area and remain in the fork, one at a time. The bulbs, held by a flexible element, are carried along the accompanying casing to the discharge zone, where, under the influence of their own mass, they fall into an open furrow formed by the opener.

Seeder working width 4.2 m, operating speed 5...8 km/h, productivity 2.1 ha/h. It is aggregated with tractors of traction classes 1,4 and 2.

POTATO PLANTING AND SEEDLING MACHINES

Mounted potato planter SN-4B designed for row planting of unsprouted potato tubers with simultaneous application of granular mineral fertilizers into the furrows. It comes with two versions of coulters: for separate application of fertilizers below tubers with a soil layer (SN-4B-1) and for rocky soils (SN-4B-2).

The planter is produced for row spacings of 70 cm, if necessary, rearranged to 60 cm. Productivity per hour of clean work is 1.3...1.7 hectares, the working width at a row spacing of 70 cm is 2.8 m, at 60 cm -2.4 m, operating speed 4.8...6.3 km/h. The distance between tubers in a row is adjustable within 0.2...0.4 m. The capacity of the hopper for potatoes is 180 kg, for fertilizers 24 kg. Tubers weighing 50...80 g are planted. The drive of the working parts is from the tractor PTO. The planter is aggregated with tractors of traction class 1.4 using an automatic coupler SA-1, classes 2 and 3 - SA-2. Serves her

(without loading) tractor driver.

On the basis of SN-4B, semi-mounted potato planters KSM-4A, KSM-6A, KSM-8, etc. are produced. The operating principle of most of these machines is the same. Tubers are manually or using a loader poured into the hopper 1 (Fig. 9.10, A). Next, through a window controlled by a damper as a result of the operation of the shaker 26 and turners 14 they go into the feed bucket 13. The bucket is equipped with an angle divider and an auger 12, which direct the potatoes to spoons mounted on rotating disks of planting devices. Tuber caught with a spoon 1 (Fig. 9.10, b), fixed with a clamp finger 4 and is held by it until the spoon is above the opener. At this time, the shank of the clamp moves the finger away from the spoon, and the tuber falls into the coulter body 9 (Fig. 9.10, a), and the spoon, passing through the sleeve of the feeding ladle and the layer of potatoes, grabs the next tuber. The tubers from the opener fall to the bottom of the furrow. Mineral fertilizers are supplied to it through a fertilizer pipeline from the fertilizer sowing apparatus. Each furrow during ridge planting is sealed with spherical discs 6, when smooth, use harrows.

The coulters rest on gauge wheels 16 (with their help they regulate the planting depth) and are attached to the frame through a parallelogram mechanism. The planter frame rests on wheels 17. The working bodies are driven from the tractor PTO through the cardan shaft.

For planting seedlings of cabbage, tomatoes, tobacco and other crops, transplanting machines SKN-6A, MRP-5.4, etc. are used.

Sh
multi-row transplanter SKN-6A (Fig. 9.11) forms grooves in the soil, places seedlings in them, waters them with water and a fertilizer solution, fills and compacts the soil around the plants. It consists of a landing part, mounted on the tractor's attachment system, and auxiliary units mounted on the tractor frame.

When the car is moving, the discs 5 rotate. Their grips 6 open when approaching the planters, who serve the transplanting sections from their seats. Planters place seedlings in the grips and they close automatically. Opener 4 opens a furrow into which water flows through the pipe. Above the furrow, the grippers automatically open one by one and the seedlings are lowered into the furrow. The soil covers it, and the rollers 12 compact the soil on the sides of the planted plant. For row spacings of 60, 70 and 90 cm, six devices are used, for 80, 90 and 120 cm - four. The tractor has racks for boxes with seedlings.

In addition to the tractor driver, the machine is serviced by twelve planters and three handlers of planted seedlings. When planting potted seedlings, the team also includes two auxiliary workers.

Productivity up to 1.47 ha/h with a working width of 3.6...4.2 m and operating speed up to 3.5 km/h. SKN-6A is mounted on tractors of traction classes 1,4, 2 and 3.

The RU-7000 mineral fertilizer diffuser is designed for transportation and surface application of solid mineral fertilizers, lime materials and chemical ameliorants. The machine has a feed conveyor drive both from the machine wheel, which ensures synchronization of the supply of the working product from the speed of the machine and from the tractor PTO.

The ARUP-8 machine is designed for self-loading, transportation, pneumatic unloading and spraying of dusty mineral fertilizers.

The ARUP-8 machine is a ZIL-441510 automobile tractor, equipped with a compressor unit 19 (Fig. 1), filters 4 and 21 for air purification, and includes a semi-trailer tank based on a cement truck S-927 with a folding support device for installing the tank when disconnected from tractor The compressor operates from the car's power take-off.

The tank is equipped with a fertilizer level indicator 5 and an “air floor” 12 for pneumatic unloading. A shut-off and spraying device 8 are located in the rear part.

Rice. 1. Diagram of the ARUP-8 machine for applying powdered fertilizers:
a - diagram; b - spraying device; 1 - mono-vacuum gauge; 2 - tank; 3 - loading hatch; 4, 21 - filters; 5 - level indicator; 6 - loading pipe; 7 - intake hose; 8 - intake nozzle; 9 - spraying device; 10, 13, 15, 18 - valves; 12 - aerofoil; 14 - air supply valve; 16, 23 - connecting sleeves; 17 - moisture-oil separator; 19 - compressor; 20 - oil filter; 22 - vacuum gauge; 23 - spray tip; 24 - pneumatic cylinder.

To ensure trouble-free cross-country ability in the field under adverse weather conditions, the rear drive axle of the tractor and the semi-trailer are equipped with wheels with YA-170A arched tires. During operation, the axis of the tank is tilted back by 7°.

When the container is located above the tank, the tank is loaded by gravity through hatch 3. When self-loading the tank, hose 7 is turned on and hose 16 is disconnected from the moisture-oil separator 17, and compressor 19 should operate as a vacuum pump. The air sucked from the tank is released outside. Loading begins when the vacuum in the tank reaches 0.03-0.04 MPa. When loading is complete, the level 5 alarm emits an audible signal.

When applying dust-like fertilizers, attach the sleeves as shown in the figure. This connection allows the compressor to provide excess pressure. Disconnect the intake hose 7 and close the intake pipe. Then the hose 14 is opened, through which air flows to the aerial bottom and to the valve of the spraying device. Atmospheric air is sucked in through the inertial oil filter 20 and supplied to the moisture-oil separator under the air bottom 12. Penetrating through the pores of the fabric, the air saturates the dusty mass of fertilizers, promoting its fluidity. This mass, which is a mixture of dusty fertilizers with air, flows to the discharge pipe, and then to the spraying device 8, the tip of which scatters it across the field. The dose of dispersed fertilizers is regulated by replacing the sprayer, changing the size of the dosing hole and the operating speed of the unit. During the unloading period, the pressure in the tank should not be less than 0.1 MPa.

SPECIALIZED ROLLING STOCK

General purpose vans

Van GZSA-891

Produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1964 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis. Designed for transportation of industrial and food products. The body is made of wood and metal, the outside is sheathed in sheet steel, and has two doors: a single-leaf side door and a double-leaf rear door.

Van GZSA_891

Van GZSA-3721 with a tail lift

Produced by the Caspian Machine-Building Plant since 1975 on the GLZ-53A chassis and equipped with a lifting mechanism and hydraulic supports. Designed for transportation and mechanized loading of goods on pallets and containers.
The body is all metal. At the rear of the vehicle there is a hydraulically driven tail lift, the platform of which is also the rear door of the body.

A van with a tail lift GZSA-3721 was produced on the GAZ-53A chassis

Semi-trailer van TsKTB-A475

Produced by the Mitinsky Experimental Plant No. 31 of the Ministry of Autotrans of the RSFSR since 1977 on the basis of the OdAZ-885V semi-trailer. Designed mainly for the transportation of packaged goods on pallets measuring 850X1000 mm and a height of up to 1700 mm. Tractor - ZIL-130V1.
The body is all-metal, framed, covered with aluminum sheet. The floor is divided into cells for pallets, the packages are pressed on top by movable frames. Four packets are recorded simultaneously.
There are six side (three on each side) sliding doors and one rear double-hinged door.

Semi-trailer - van TsKTB-AA75 with KAZ-608 tractor

Semi-trailers-vans OdAZ-794, OdAZ-795 and OdAZ-935

Produced by the Odessa Auto Assembly Plant since 1965, and since 1969 produced by the Kherson Plant.
The body is frameless, with a load-bearing base, all-metal, riveted. The body floor is stepped, made of plywood boards 20 mm thick. The body has two double doors: at the back and on the right side. Mechanically driven support device. Brakes - drum: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

Semi-trailer van OdAZ-794

Semi-trailer van OdAZ-795

Semi-trailer van OdAZ-935 with tractor ZIL-133

Isothermal vans and refrigerators

Vans GZSA-3702. GZSA-950 and GZSA-3706 with isothermal body

Produced by the Gorky Automobile Plant of specialized vehicles: GZSA-3702 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis since 1967, GZSA-950 on the GAZ-53A chassis since 1965 and GZSA-3706 on the GAZ-53A chassis since 1972.
Designed for transporting perishable products in a chilled or frozen state.
The body is isothermal, wood-metal, the casing is made of sheet steel, the interior is galvanized. Thermal insulation material is polystyrene foam, 70-100 mm thick. Body with one rear single-leaf door.

Van GZSA-3702

Van GZSA-950 (rear view)

Van GZSA-3706

Van TA-943N with an isothermal body

Produced by the Tartu Experimental Car Repair Plant since 1976 on the basis of the GAZ-52-04 truck. Designed for transportation of perishable products. The body is all-metal, isothermal, has a single-leaf side door and a double-leaf rear door. The outer body shell is made of sheet steel, the inner body is made of sheet aluminum. Thermal insulation material is foam plastic 50 mm thick.

Van TA-943N

Van trailer TN-2 with isothermal body

Produced by the Tartu Experimental Car Repair Plant since 1973 on the basis of GAZ-51A and GAZ-52-04 cars. Designed for transportation of food cargo in a depot with TA-943N vans. The trailer is equipped with hydraulic brakes.
The body is all-metal, isothermal, and has a rear double door. External cladding made of sheet steel, internal cladding made of sheet aluminum. The trailer has supports at the front and rear. Thermal insulation material is foam plastic 50 mm thick.

Van trailer TN-2

Produced by the Lutsk Automobile Plant since 1965 on the basis of the UAZ-451M van. Designed for transportation of perishable products and semi-finished products in urban conditions.
Until 1965, the LuAZ-946 was produced on the basis of the UAZ-451 car and had a load capacity of 375 kg.
The body is all-metal, isothermal, has a double-leaf door at the rear, and is lined with sheet aluminum inside. 80 mm thick foam plastic is used as insulation. A machine-accumulation system is used to cool the body. In the driver's cabin, instead of the passenger seat, a FAK.-1.5MZ refrigeration unit is installed, and in the body there are two cold accumulators.

Refrigerated vehicle LuAZ-946

Refrigerated vehicle 1AH

Produced since 1973 by the Cherkessk Refrigeration Engineering Plant on the GAZ-52-01 chassis. Designed for transportation of perishable products in a chilled or frozen state. (Since 1963, the plant has been producing the 1ACh refrigerated vehicle on the chassis of the GLZ-51A vehicle).
The body is all-metal with a double frame made of bent thin-walled profiles. The outer and inner cladding are made of duralumin sheets. Polystyrene foam is used as insulation. The body is equipped with a freon refrigeration unit UV 211, driven by a carburetor engine UD 25.

Refrigerated vehicle 1AH

Refrigerated trailer LuAZ-8930 and LuAZ-853B

LuAZ-8930 is produced by the UL314/N enterprise in Bryansk, Voroshilov-grad region. since 1979 on the GKB-819 trailer chassis. LuAZ-853B was produced on the IAPZ-754V trailer chassis from 1965 to 1978 by the Lutsk plant. Designed for transportation of perishable products in a chilled or frozen state.
The body is all-metal, isothermal, the internal lining is made of galvanized steel.
Foam plastic with a thickness of 110-120 mm was used as insulation.
The body has a double door at the rear. Inside the body there are 12 hooks for hanging meat carcasses weighing up to 125 kg per hook. The body is cooled by an AR-4 freon unit, which is driven by a carburetor engine.

Refrigerated trailer LuAZ-853B

Refrigerated trailer LuAZ-8930

Produced by the UL314/11 enterprise in Bryansk, Voroshilovgrad region, since 1979 on the chassis of the ZIL-130-76 car. From 1965 to 1979, it was produced by the Lutsk Automobile Plant on the chassis of the ZIL-130 car. Designed for transportation of perishable products to chilled or frozen.
The body is all-metal isothermal, lined with galvanized steel inside. Foam plastic with a thickness of 110-120 mm was used as insulation. The body has a double door at the rear. Inside the body there are 12 hooks for hanging meat carcasses weighing up to 125 kg per hook. The body is cooled by an AR-4 freon unit. which is driven by a carburetor engine.

Refrigerated vehicle LuAZ-890B

Vans for transporting bakery products

Van TA-943A for transporting bread

Produced by the Tartu Experimental Automotive Repair Plant since 1976 based on the units of the GLZ-52-04 truck. Designed for transportation of bakery products.
The body is all-metal, isothermal, the cargo compartment is divided into five sections, each of which has racks for placing trays and a separate side door. The outer body cladding is made of sheet steel, the inner one is made of sheet aluminum. Thermal insulation material is foam plastic 50 mm thick.

Van TA-943A

Van GZSA-3704 for transporting bread

Produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1970 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis. Designed for transportation of bakery products.
The body is wood-metal: the interior is divided into four sections formed by all-welded metal trusses; Each compartment is designed to accommodate trays of bread. The ceiling and left wall are covered with wooden slats. The floor is wooden, covered with galvanized steel sheets. On the right side of the body there are four single-leaf doors. Ventilation of the body is carried out through ventilation hatches located in the front and rear walls of the body.
From 1964 to 1970, the plant produced the GZSA-892 car, which differs from the GZSA-3704 mainly in the presence of wheel arches.

Van GZSA-3704

Van GZSA-3714 for transportation of bakery products

Produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1973 on the chassis of the GAZ-66 car. Designed for the transportation of bakery products and some products.
The body is all-metal, welded, frame type, sheathed inside and outside with metal sheets. Thermal insulation material - polystyrene foam
50 mm thick. The body is divided by a partition into two compartments, the front one is for transporting bread in trays, the rear one is for transporting other food products.
The front compartment is equipped with a side door, the rear compartment is equipped with a rear double door.

Van GZSA-3714

Vans for transporting medicines, furniture, mail, etc.

Van GZSA-3713 for transporting medicines

Produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1973 on the GAZ-66 chassis. Designed for transportation of medicines.
The body is all-metal, welded. frame type, covered with metal sheets outside and inside. Thermal insulation material is foam plastic 50 mm thick.

Van GZSA-3713

Van GZSA-893A for transporting furniture

Produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1965 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis.
Designed for transporting furniture. The body is made of wood and metal, has a double-leaf door at the rear, and is lined with sheet steel on the outside. Inside the body is equipped with devices to protect furniture from damage during transportation.

Van GZSA-893A

Van TZSA-947 for mail transportation

It was produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant from 1966 to 1976 on the chassis of the GAZ-66 car. Designed to transport mail on bad roads.
The body is a wooden frame with metal sheathing. There is a sliding double door in the rear wall of the body. The body windows are equipped with internal bars. There are two folding seats inside the body. The connection between the body and the cabin is carried out by an audible alarm, and there is an open door signal.

Van TZSA-947

Vans GZSA-3711 and GZSA-3712 for mail transportation

Produced by the Caspian Machine-Building Plant since 1971: GZSA-3711, on the GAZ-53A car chassis, GZSA-3712 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis.
The body is all-metal and has a rear sliding double door.

Van GZSA-3711

The GAZ-53-01 chassis served as the basis for the installation of various bodies, including a truck shop produced by the Caspian Machine-Building Plant.

Van GZSA-949 for transportation of printed publications

It was produced by the Gorky Specialized Vehicles Plant from 1967 to 1973 on the chassis of the GAZ-53A automobile. Designed for transportation of printed publications and correspondence.
The body is made of wood and metal, the outer skin is made of sheet steel, the inner skin is made of wood-fiber boards and wooden slats. The floor is wooden, covered with linoleum. There is one double-leaf sliding door at the rear.
The body is equipped with two semi-soft seats, separated from the cargo compartment, for accompanying personnel and a retractable footrest. An audible alarm is installed between the body and the driver's cabin, and there is a signal for open body doors.

Van GZSA-3705 for transporting paper

Produced by the Caspian Machine-Building Plant since 1971 on the GAZ-53A chassis. Designed for transporting paper in rolls and bales.
The body is all-metal, has a rear double-leaf door with a rod lock.
At the rear of the vehicle there is a hydraulically driven tail lift (TL).

Van GZSA-949

Animal transport vans

Van 3716 for transporting poultry

Produced by the Shumerlinsky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1973 on the GAZ-53A chassis. Designed for transportation of hatching eggs and young poultry in containers on wheels.
The body is all-metal, isothermal. The outer skin is made of sheet steel, the inner skin is made of laminated plastic. The body floor is wooden without wheel arches. Rear doors, double doors. The body is equipped with a heating and ventilation system and a tail lift with a hydraulic drive from the vehicle engine.

SHZSA (Sumerlinsky Specialized Vehicles Plant) 3716 on GAZ 53 chassis 1972-1980

Semi-trailer van OdAZ-9925 for transporting calves

It was manufactured by the Odessa Automobile Assembly Plant from 1973 to 1979, and since 1979 it has been produced by the Baku Mechanical Repair Plant named after 26-ton Baku Commissars. Designed for transporting calves aged 7-15 days and piglets aged up to 3 months over a distance of up to 250 km. The main traction vehicle is the ZIL-130V1 truck tractor.
The body is isothermal, load-bearing, made of steel profiles and aluminum alloy, riveted, with a double wood-metal frame. The outer and inner lining is made of duralumin alloy. The semi-trailer is equipped with a heating and ventilation system.
The suspension is unified with the suspension of the ZIL-130 car and is equipped with a torsion bar stabilizer; the telescopic shock absorbers of the suspension are unified with the shock absorbers of the MAZ-500 car.
Mechanically driven support device.
Brakes - drum: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

Zil 130 truck tractor, 1989 with an aluminum, isothermal van ODAZ 9925, 1985.

Produced by the Kherson plant since 1971. Designed for transporting small livestock, sheep and light pigs in two tiers, and when the body is equipped with a single tier - for transporting cattle and other animals.
The body base is stepped and welded. The spars and cross beams are made of bent profiles.
The body has a welded frame with wooden lining of the sides and floor of the first and second tiers.
The roof is metal, in the middle part it is equipped with a removable awning. The floor of the first tier is stepped, the front part is 2240 mm longer than the rear by 130 mm, the floor of the second tier is removable, sectional. The body has three doors: the front one - for observing animals, the middle one - a ladder door - for loading and unloading animals onto the first and second tiers from the overpass, and the rear one - a ladder door - for loading and unloading animals onto the first and second tiers from the ground and overpasses.

Mechanically driven support device.

Brakes - drum: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

OdAZ-857D livestock semi-trailer

OdAZ-9958 livestock semi-trailer. Main parameters of the OdAZ-9958 livestock semi-trailer; Vehicle type - semi-trailer; Weight of transported cargo, kg - 9100; Weight of the equipped semi-trailer, kg - 5300; Full weight of the semi-trailer, kg - 14400; Semi-trailer length, mm-11200; Semi-trailer width, mm -2500; Semi-trailer height, mm 3400: Number of heads of pigs/cattle, pcs. up to 100 / up to 30: Number of axles/tires, pcs. 14

Produced by the Odessa Automobile Assembly Plant since 1965. Since 1966, produced by the Kherson Plant. The semi-trailer is designed for transporting livestock. Compared to the previous model OdAZ-857. produced from 1963 to 1965, the semi-trailer has an increased track and a strengthened body structure.
The body is a metal welded frame with wooden lining of the sides and floor, the roof is metal, in the central part it is equipped with a removable tarpaulin. The body has three doors: the front one on the right side - for observing animals; the middle one is for loading animals from the overpass; rear door ladder for loading animals from the ground. The body is equipped with partitions dividing it into four compartments, liquid collectors and a mechanism that facilitates the lifting of the rear door - a ladder.
The supporting device is mechanically driven. Brakes - drum: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

OdAZ-857B livestock semi-trailer

OdAZ-9979 is the largest livestock carrier in the USSR. In order for it to transport 125 pigs, the designers had to install an all-metal body on a two-axle rear bogie

Van 3510 for transporting dead animals

Produced by the Odessa plant "Avtoagregat" from 1070 to 1977 on the chassis of a GAZ SLZ-53B dump truck. Designed for transporting carcasses of dead animals. All-metal body, tipper van / with rear unloading; has a rear ladder door that opens on the upper hinges during unloading and on the lower hinges with the help of hydraulic cylinders when loading. Tubular folding ladders and a support are fixed on the inside of the door. Animal carcasses are dragged into the body by a winch driven by a hydraulic motor. The vehicle is equipped with a 50-liter water tank heated by exhaust gases for preparing a disinfectant solution.

Van 3510

Tanks for petroleum products and fuel tankers

Tank vehicle ATs-2.4-52 for transportation of kerosene

Produced by the Arzamas Municipal Engineering Plant on the GAZ-52-01 chassis. Designed to transport kerosene and sell it to the public. The vehicle is equipped with a self-priming vane pump driven by the vehicle engine, suction and pressure pipelines, a liquid meter with a dispensing valve, maintenance platforms and a dispensing platform for selling kerosene.

Tank truck ATs-2.4-52

AC-4 water and oil tanker truck on the chassis of a ZIL-164 car.

Tank vehicle 806 (ATs-4.2-53A) for transportation of petroleum products

Produced by the Grabovsky Specialized Vehicles Plant and the Sokuluk Trade Mechanical Engineering Plant since 1967 on the chassis of the GLZ-53A vehicle. Designed for transportation of petroleum products with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3. The tank is calibrated, elliptical in cross-section, single-section, welded, made of sheet steel.
Below are data on the car from the Grabovsky plant. The parameters of the Sokuluk plant car differ slightly.

Tank vehicle 806 (ATs-4.2-53A)

Multi-purpose fuel tanker ATs-4-150 without pumping equipment. 1955

Tank vehicle ATs-4.2-130 for transportation of petroleum products

Produced by the Volgograd Petroleum Engineering Plant named after Petrov from 1963 to 1970 on the chassis of the ZIL-130ATs-4.2-130 car. has also been produced by the Blagoveshchensk reinforcement plant since 1953. The difference in size is insignificant. Intended for transportation of petroleum products with a density of 0.86 g/cm3. The tank is calibrated, elliptical in cross-section, made of StZ sheet steel. The vehicle is equipped with two service platforms, two sleeve cases, handrails and a box for equipment and spare parts.

Tank truck ATs-4.2-130

Tank truck TSV-6 for transportation of petroleum products

Produced by the Volgograd Petroleum Engineering Plant named after Petrov since 1979 on the chassis of the ZIL-130 car. Designed for transporting petroleum products with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3, as well as pumping petroleum products from one container to another, bypassing its own tank.
The tank is calibrated, elliptical in cross-section, made of sheet steel. Until 1979, the tank was produced with an operating volume of 6000 liters and had slightly different parameters.

Tank for transportation of flammable liquids TSV-6(130) on a ZIL-130 chassis.

Tank trailer PC-5.6-817 for transportation of petroleum products

Produced by the Grabovsky Specialized Vehicles Plant since 1976 on the basis of the GKB-817 trailer. Designed for transportation of petroleum products with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3 in conjunction with a tank vehicle TSV-6 and LC-4.2-130.
The trailer has a supporting structure. The tank is calibrated, elliptical in shape, equipped with a hand pump.

Tank trailer PC-5.6-817

"Produced by the Posevninsky plant "Avtozapchast" since 1975 on the chassis of the GAZ-52-04 car. Designed for transporting petroleum products with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3 and refueling agricultural vehicles with a dosed volume of filtered fuel.
The tank is calibrated, elliptical in cross-section. The tank material is carbon steel, 3 mm thick. Filling the tank through the filler neck or with your own pump.
Draining - by gravity or using your own pump.

Refueling vehicle 3609

Produced by the Odessa Automotive Refueling Units Plant since 1971 on the GAZ-52-04 car chassis. Designed for transportation of liquid fuel and mechanized refueling of cars with filtered fuel with a countdown of the dispensed quantity. The elliptical cross-section tank is equipped with one filler neck, an engine-driven pump, a self-reeling dispensing drum with a hose, a fuel filter and a breathing valve. Tank material - St. 3.

Tanker truck ATZ-2.4-52

Refueling vehicle 3607

Produced by the Odessa plant "Avtoagregat" since 1971 on the GLZ-52-01 chassis. Designed for mechanized refueling of vehicles with fuel, oil and water, as well as for transportation of petroleum products. The vehicle has an elliptical cross-section tank for diesel fuel, two two-section tanks for gasoline, water, diesel and gear oil, and a hopper for grease. The vehicle is equipped with a self-priming pump driven by the vehicle engine for filling and draining the tank and a compressor for the tank filling and unloading system and providing a pneumatic solar blower.

Refueling vehicle 3607

TZ-63 fuel tanker vehicle on GAZ-63 chassis

Produced by the Kurgan Road Vehicles Plant since 1968 on the GAZ-53A chassis. Designed for mechanized refueling of cars with filtered fuel with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3 with a countdown of the dispensed quantity.

Tanker truck ATZ-3.8-53A

Tanker truck ATZ-3.8-130

Produced by the Kurgan Road Vehicles Plant since 1965 on the chassis of the ZIL-130 car. Designed for mechanized refueling of aircraft with filtered fuel with a density of no more than 0.86 g/cm3.

Simplified dual-purpose fuel tanker ATZ-3.8-130 on a ZIL-130 vehicle. 1965

TZ-200 tanker vehicle on the MAZ-200 chassis, produced from 1954 to 1960 by the Tikhoretsk Machine-Building Plant.

Produced by the Tikhoretsky Chemical Engineering Plant "Red Hammer" since 1971 on the chassis of the MAZ-500A car. Designed for mechanized refueling of aircraft with aviation fuel.
The tank is of elliptical cross-section, welded from steel 3 mm thick.

TZA-7.5-500A fuel tanker

Water and food tanks

Tank truck AVTs-1.7 for transporting water

Produced by the Dalmatovo plant "Molmashstroy" since 1968 on the chassis of the GAZ-66 car. Designed for transporting drinking water. The tank is elliptical in cross-section, two-section, welded, made of aluminum, has thermal insulation and is lined with sheet steel. The tank is filled using engine vacuum. Draining is by gravity.

Tank truck AVTs-1.7

Tank truck ABB-3.6 for transporting water

Produced by the Arzamas Municipal Engineering Plant and the Caspian Machine-Building Plant since 1970 on the chassis of the GAZ-53A car. Designed for the supply of water to distant pastures and other purposes. The tank is cylindrical, welded, made of steel, equipped with a breakwater, installed at an angle of 2-4° towards the drain. The car is equipped with a rotary vacuum pump driven by the car engine, a hose for draining and taking water and drinking troughs.

Tank truck AVV-3.6

Tank vehicle ATsPT-1.7 for transporting milk

Produced by the Dalmatovo plant "Molmashstroy" since 1968 on the chassis of the GAZ-66 car. The tank is elliptical in cross-section, welded, made of aluminum, has thermal insulation, lined with boards and sheet steel. The tank is filled using the vacuum created by the engine. Draining is by gravity.

Tank vehicle ATsPT-1.7

ATs-18 (ATsPT) - A tank for transporting milk, with a capacity of 1800 liters on a GAZ-51 chassis. Produced by the Grabovsky Mechanical Plant.

Tank vehicle ATsPT-2.1 and ATsPT-2.1A for transporting milk

The LCPT-2.1 tank has been produced by the Dalmatovsky Molmashstroy plant since 1969 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis. The ATsPT-2.1A tank was produced by the Vologda plant "Myasomolmash" with1969 to 1978 on the GAZ-52-01 chassis.
Tank of elliptical cross-section, two-section, welded, made of aluminum. with thermal insulation, covered with boards and lined with sheet steel. The tank is filled using the vacuum created by the engine. Draining is by gravity.

Tank vehicle ATsPT-2.1

On the ATsPT-2.2 (ATsM-23) tanks, if necessary, additional flasks with milk could be installed on the sides. Biysk district of Altai region, 1968

Tank vehicle ATsPT-3.3 for transporting milk

Produced by the Karlovsky Machine-Building Association since 1970 and by Biyskprodmash since 1971 on the GAZ-53A chassis. The tank is elliptical in cross-section, two-section, aluminum, thermally insulated, covered with boards and lined with sheet steel. Filling the tank with a pump or through the filler neck. Slip by gravity.

Tank vehicle ATsPT-3.3

Tank vehicle ATsPT-6.2 for transporting milk

Produced by the Vologda machine-building plant "Myasomolmash" since 1970 on the chassis of the MAZ-5335 car.
The tank is calibrated, elliptical in cross-section, two-section, welded from aluminum with thermal insulation, covered with boards and lined with sheet steel. Thermal insulation material - FRP-1 with a thickness of 100 mm. Filling the tank with a pump. Drainage - by pump or gravity.

Tank vehicle ATsPT-6.2 on a KamAZ vehicle chassis

Tank trailer ATsPT-0.9 for milk transportation

Produced by the Karlovsky Machine-Building Production Association since 1957 on the TLPZ-755A trailer chassis. Designed for transportation and sale of milk.
The tank is cylindrical, single-section, welded from aluminum, thermally insulated, externally lined with boards and lined with steel. Filling the tank with a pump. Draining is by gravity.

Tank trailer ATsPT-0.9

Tank trailer ADC-2T-0.9 for transporting milk

Produced by the Karlovsky Machine-Building Production Association since 1972 on the TAPZ-755A trailer chassis.
The tank is single-section. elliptical section, welded from aluminum, with thermal insulation, covered with boards and lined with sheet steel.
Filling the tank - using a vacuum created by the engine of the towing vehicle or through the filler neck. Draining is by gravity.

Tank trailer ADC-2T-0.9

Tank semi-trailer ATsPT-11 for milk transportation

Produced by the Dalmatovo plant "Molmashstroy" since 1971 on the chassis of the MAZ-5245 semi-trailer. Designed to work in the clutch of the MAZ-504 tractor.
The tank is three-section, elliptical in cross-section, welded from aluminum, thermally insulated, covered with boards and lined with sheet steel.
The filling of the tank section is carried out alternately through the milk drain lines using the pump at the milk collection point. Draining is by gravity.

Tank semi-trailer ATsPT-11 on the chassis of a MAZ semi-trailer

Tank trailer ATsPT-0.9 for transporting kvass

Produced by the Sokuluk Trade Engineering Plant since 1967 on the TAPZ-755A trailer chassis. Designed for transportation and sale of kvass.
The tank is cylindrical, single-section, welded from aluminum, with thermal insulation, lined with sheet steel.
Filling the tank through a filler fitting with a diameter of 45 mm.

Tank trailer ATsPT-0.9

Tank semi-trailers VTsPP-7 and VTsPP-10A for transporting wine

Produced by the Karl Liebknecht Machine-Building Plant since 1970. Designed to work in conjunction with tractor-trailers: VTsPP-7 with KAZ-608V, VTsPP-10A with MAZ-5429. The tanks are two-section, elliptical in cross-section, welded from stainless steel, thermally insulated, lined with sheet steel, uncalibrated.

Tank semi-trailer NTsPP-7 with KAZ-608 tractor

Tank semi-trailer NTsPP-7 with MAZ-504 tractor

Tank vehicle RZ-VTsP-3.3 for transporting beer

Produced by the Karl Liebknecht Engineering Plant since 1974, on the GAZ-53A chassis.
The tank is of elliptical cross-section, uncalibrated, welded from stainless steel, with thermal insulation (foam plastic, mipora). The beer is drained and filled under carbon dioxide pressure. The pressure of carbon dioxide from cylinders installed on the car is used.

Tank vehicle RZ-VTsP-3.3

Tank semi-trailer RZ-VTsP-11 for transporting beer

Produced by the Karl Liebknecht Machine-Building Plant since 1979. Designed to work in conjunction with the MAZ-5429 tractor-trailer.
The tank is elliptical in shape, three-section, uncalibrated, made of stainless steel. Thermal insulation material - polystyrene foam, mipora. The beer is drained and filled under carbon dioxide pressure through a pipeline. Carbon dioxide cylinders are installed under the semi-trailer frame.

Tank semi-trailer RZ-VTsP-11

Semi-trailer flour transporter K1040-2E

Produced by the Odessa plant "Prodmash" since 1975. Designed for bulk transportation and pneumatic unloading of flour. Tractor - ZIL-130V1. The frameless semi-trailer is equipped with two cylindrical-conical tanks and a compressor driven by an electric motor powered by an external network for pneumatic unloading using aeration.
Loading is carried out through the upper loading necks. The semi-trailer brakes are pneumatically driven. Support device for OdAZ-885 semi-trailer. The spare wheel is located between the tanks at the bottom of the semi-trailer.

The K1O40-E semi-trailer produced from 1966 to 1975 differed from the K1040-2E in its frame structure, upper unloading system and some parameters.
The K1040 semi-trailer produced from 1964 to 1966, unlike the K1O4O-E, did not have a compressor. The compressor was installed on a tractor driven by its engine.

Semi-trailer flour transporter K1040-2E

Tanks for construction materials and mineral fertilizers

Cement semi-trailer TC-4 (S-927)

Produced by the Priluki Construction Machinery Plant since 1967. At first it was produced under the symbol S-927. Designed for transportation of cement in conjunction with a ZIL-130V1 tractor, equipped with a compressor driven by the tractor engine.
The semi-trailer has a supporting structure. Unloading is pneumatic with aeration. The tank is cylindrical, steel, installed with a rearward slope to improve unloading.

Semi-trailer cement tanker TC-4 (S-927) with tractor ZIL-130V1

* On roads of I and II categories

Cement semi-trailer TC-6 (S-972)

Produced by the Krasnogorsk Cement Engineering Plant since 1967. Until 1973, this semi-trailer was produced with the index S-972. Designed for transporting cement in conjunction with a MAZ-504A tractor equipped with a compressor.
The tank is cylindrical, made of steel. When coupled to a tractor, the tank is tilted 9° backwards to improve unloading. Unloading is pneumatic using aeration.
The semi-trailer is equipped with two unloading hoses, which in the transport position are placed on special brackets on the right side of the semi-trailer. To access the loading hatch, there is a platform and a ladder on the left side of the semi-trailer.
Brakes and support devices of the MAZ-5425 semi-trailer.

Cement semi-trailer TC-6 (S-972) with MAZ-504 tractor

* The width in parentheses is with tints 11.00-20.

Cement semi-trailer S-652

Produced by the Slavyansk Construction Machinery Plant since 1967. Designed to work with the KrAZ-258 tractor-trailer equipped with a compressor driven by the car engine. The tank is load-bearing, cylindrical, installed with an inclination back to improve unloading. Cement loading is through loading hatches, unloading is pneumatic with aeration.

Cement semi-trailer S-652 with KrAZ-258B1 tractor

Concrete truck SB-113

Produced by the Slavyansk Construction Machinery Plant since 1974 on the chassis of the ZIL-130 car. Designed for delivery of concrete mixtures over a distance of up to 30 km at ambient temperatures from +40 to -30°C. Unloading is carried out backwards when lifting the body using two telescopic hydraulic cylinders, loading is done from above through a hatch closed with a lever-driven lid.

Concrete truck SB-113

Mortar truck SB-89

Produced by the Slavyansk Construction Machinery Plant since 1969 on the chassis of the ZIL-130 car. Designed for transportation and portioned dispensing of construction mortars at temperatures down to -5°C. The tank is made of steel, welded construction. The cylindrical part of the tank is covered with thermal insulation material and lined with sheet steel. There are two tool storage drawers at the rear.
Loading of tanks is carried out through a hatch located in the rear part of the tank.

The tank is equipped with two screw blades for mixing the solution during transportation and unloading and a retractable conveyor. The drive of the mixing and conveyor mechanisms is hydromechanical from the car engine.
Unloading occurs through a slide shutter located on the left side of the tank. The conveyor is extended and the shutter is controlled using hydraulic cylinders.

Mortar truck SB-89

Concrete mixing vehicles S-1036B and SB-92

Produced by the Slavyansk Construction Machinery Plant: S-1036B since 1970 on the chassis of the MLZ-500 vehicle; SB-92 since 1971 on the chassis of the KrAZ-258 vehicle. Designed for preparing and transporting concrete mixture. The vehicle's equipment includes a mixing drum, a loading and unloading device, a drum rotation drive with an autonomous engine, a water tank with equipment for supplying and dosing water, and control mechanisms. The drum has two helical blades inside, which ensure mixing of the concrete mixture when the drum rotates clockwise and unloading when rotating in the opposite direction.

Concrete mixing vehicle S-1036B

Concrete mixing vehicle SB-92

Semi-trailer bitumen carrier DS-41A

Produced by the Kurgan Road Machinery Plant since 1967. Designed for transportation of bitumen with temperatures up to plus 200°C. The vehicle is a ZIL-130V1. The tank is of elliptical cross-section, welded from sheet steel (4 mm), has thermal insulation (50 mm) from glass wool, lined with sheet steel. The tank is equipped with two breakwaters and a heating system. Drain - by gravity through a slide valve or using a pump through a drain pipeline.

Semi-trailer bitumen carrier DS-41A with tractor ZIL-130V1

Semi-trailer bitumen carrier DS-10

Produced by the Kurgan Road Machinery Plant since 1957 on the chassis of the ChMZAP-5524PA semi-trailer. Designed for transportation of bitumen with temperatures up to plus 200°C. Tractor vehicle - KrAZ-258. The tank is of elliptical cross-section, welded from sheet steel, 4 mm thick, has thermal insulation from glass wool, lined with sheet steel. The tank is equipped with five breakwaters and a heating system. Drainage is by gravity through a slide valve.

Semi-trailer bitumen carrier DS-10 with KrAZ-258B1 tractor

Tank semi-trailer ARUP-8

for transporting and spreading mineral fertilizers
Produced by the Krasnogorsk Cement Engineering Plant since 1969. Designed for transportation and spreading of mineral fertilizers. The tractor is a ZIL-130V1, equipped with an engine-driven compressor.
The semi-trailer is equipped with devices for self-loading, unloading and spreading fertilizers. Supporting devices are folding. Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive, parking - with mechanical drive. The tank is cylindrical, made of steel.

ARUP-8 tank semi-trailer with ZIL-130V1 tractor

* Data in brackets are for roads of categories I and II.

** When using arched tires.

Tank semi-trailer ARUP-8

Container ships, timber carriers, trailers, etc.

Self-loader vehicle NIIAT-P404 for transporting containers

Produced by the Mitinsky Automotive Special Equipment Plant since 1979. Designed for the transportation of automobile containers with a gross weight of 0.625 and 1.25 tons and piece cargo weighing up to 1.25 tons. A portal crane with a hydraulic drive is mounted on the GAZ-53A platform, for which the side sides are moved inside the platform and rigidly fixed. From 1973 to 1979, the self-loader vehicle was produced by the Riga Mechanical Repair Plant.

Self-loader vehicle NIIAT-P404

Container semi-trailer TsKTB-A402

Produced by the Beslan plant Rosavtospetsoborudovanie since 1974. Designed for the transportation of railway and automobile containers (UUK-5 - 1 pc. UUK-5U - 1 pc., UUK-2.5 - 2 pcs., AUK-1.25 - 4 pcs., AUK-0.625 - 6 pcs.). Tractor - GAZ-51P or GAZ-52-06.
The units of the GAZ-51A car (wheels, brakes, suspension) were used for the semi-trailer. The spare wheel is installed between the rear wheel fenders. There is no parking brake. The semi-trailer is equipped with wheel chocks. The support device consists of one support and is installed between the racks of the front part of the semi-trailer, the drive is manual:

Container semi-trailer TsKTB-A402 with GAZ-51P tractor

Produced by the Beslan and Chita plants of Rosavtospstsoborudovanie since 1976. Designed for the transportation of railway and automobile containers (UUK-5 or UUK-5U - 1 pc. + UUK-2.5 - 2 pcs., UUK-5 - 1 pc. + + AUK-1.25 — 4 pcs.; UUK-2.5 — 2 pcs. + AUK-1.25 — 4 pcs.). Tractor - ZIL-130V1 or KAZ-608V.
The units of the ZIL-130 vehicle were used for the semi-trailer. The semi-trailer is equipped with a parking brake and support devices. The spare wheel is installed between the semi-trailer axle and the frame deck on a retractable trolley.

Container semi-trailer TsPKTB-A441

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1975. Designed for transportation of two containers of type 1D or one container of type 1C, manufactured in accordance with GOST 18477-79, on roads of categories I and II. Tractor MAZ-504V.

Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic combined drive; parking - manual with mechanical drive.
The support device is hydraulically driven by a hand pump. Additional rod supports are installed in the front part of the semi-trailer.

Semi-trailer container carrier ChMZAP-9985

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1978. Designed for transportation of two containers of type 1C or one container of type 1A in conjunction with truck tractors of the KrAZ family in accordance with GOST 18477-79.
Suspension: balanced on longitudinal springs.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive, parking - with mechanical drive.

Semi-trailer container carrier ChMZAP-9991 (with containers)

Semi-trailer container carrier ChMZAP-9991

Produced by the Moscow Experimental Mechanical Plant and the Smelyansk Electromechanical Plant since 1961. Designed for transporting panels in conjunction with a MAZ-504V tractor.
The panels are installed on both sides of the platform at an angle of 8°. The support device is hydraulically driven from the tractor and manually driven. Brakes - drum: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

Semi-trailer panel carrier NAMI-790

Semi-trailer for transporting passenger cars TsPKTB-A409

Produced by the Beslan plant Rosavtospetsoborudovanis since 1973, in 1970 it was produced by the Mamontop experimental plant. Designed for transportation of GAZ-21 and GAZ-24 Volga, Moskvich-412 and VAZ-2101 Zhiguli cars. Tractor - MAZ-504B or MAZ-504G.
Cars are transported in two tiers. The rear part of the upper platform is tilted during loading using hydraulic lifts. The semi-trailer is equipped with folding ramps.
Brakes - shoe brakes: working with pneumatic drive, parking with mechanical drive.

Semi-trailer for transporting passenger cars TsPKTB-A409. This car transporter semi-trailer model was specially designed for transporting 9 (Nine) LADA cars.

Timber truck MAZ-509A (4X4)

Produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant since 1978. Designed for hauling timber in logs. Used with trailers-dissolution GKB-9383 and TMZ-803. Dissolutions in an empty state can be transported by car. The cabin is a two-seater, all-metal, tilting forward.

Timber truck MAZ-500A (4X4)

Produced by the Kremenchug Automobile Plant since 1980. Designed for hauling timber in logs. Used with trailers-dissolution GKB-9383 and TMZ-803. The cabin is three-seater, equipped with a suspended berth.
From 1969 to 1980, the KrAZ-255L timber truck was produced.
Modification: KrAZ-255LS - northern. Designed to operate at temperatures down to minus 60°C, it has an insulated cabin, electrically heated windshields, tires and rubber products are frost-resistant.

Timber truck KrAZ-255L1 (6X6)

Semi-trailer dump truck TMZ-879 for transporting cotton

Produced by the Tashkent car and trailer assembly plant "Tashavtomash" since 1963. The body consists of two independent sections with removable, extension sides. Unloading to the sides using hydraulic lifts driven by the tractor engine. Extension sides have a top hinge.

Semi-trailer dump truck TMZ-879

Trailer-dissolution 1-PR-5M

Trailer-dissolution 1-PR-5M

Produced by the Tavdinsky Mechanical Plant from 1966 to 1975. Designed for transportation of timber and other cargo with a length of 6 to 8.5 m in conjunction with ZIL vehicles. equipped with bunks. The TMZ-804A trailer, unlike the TMZ-804, does not have brakes, is somewhat lighter and is intended mainly for off-road work.

Trailers-dissolution TMZ-804 and TMZ-804A

Trailer-roslusk TMZ-802

Produced by the Tavdinsky Mechanical Plant since 1973. Designed for transportation of various cargoes with a length of 6 to 17 m. When transporting cargo with a length of more than 8.5 m, cross-shaped traction cables are used. Until 1973, the plant produced the TMZ-802A trailer, which differs from the TMZ-802 in the absence of brakes.

Trailer-roslusk TMZ-802

Trailer dissolution GKB-9383

Produced by the Tavdinsky Mechanical Plant since 1976. Designed for transporting timber in logs and trees along logging roads in a scene with KrLZ-255L and MAZ-509 tractors. The trailer is equipped with a metal folding drawbar, with the help of which it can be transported on a car chassis when running empty. When transporting cargo with a length of more than 8.0 m, cross-shaped traction cables are used. The trailer is produced in three versions, differing in the length of the drawbar and the limits of the length of the transported cargo. Until 1976, the plant produced TMZ-803 trailers. TMZ-803A, TMZ-803M and TMZ-803 K. differed mainly by the presence of a wooden drawbar.In addition, TMZ-803A did not have brakes.

Trailer dissolution GKB-9383

Heavy duty trailers and semi-trailers

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-8386

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1977. Designed for the transportation of heavy loads and vehicles.
The suspension is balanced with a rubber elastic element.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive, parking - mechanical spring with pneumatic release.

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-8386

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5208

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1957. Designed for transportation of oversized heavy indivisible cargo and vehicles on paved roads.
Suspension - balanced, front with coil springs, rear - springless.
Brakes: service - drum on all wheels with pneumatic drive, parking - mechanical spring with pneumatic brake on the rear wheels.

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5208

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5212A

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1974. Designed for transportation of oversized heavy loads and vehicles on paved roads. Tractor-MAZ-543P.
Suspension: balanced, springless.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive, parking - mechanical spring with pneumatic release.
Until 1974, the ChMZAP-5212 trailer was produced, which, compared to the ChM3AP-5212A, had a 500 kg greater weight and tires of size 9.00-15.

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5212A

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5530

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1971. Designed for transportation of oversized heavy indivisible cargo and vehicles on paved roads. The trailer consists of two steerable three-axle bogies with all steerable wheels and a loading platform. For loading, the platform can be lowered using a hydraulic system within 2-5 minutes, and the trolleys can be disconnected from the platform. The trailer is equipped with equipment that ensures the operation of the air brakes and electrical equipment of the trailer. The operator's cabin is installed at the rear of the trailer.

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5530

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-5530 Transportation of a turbine wheel.

Heavy-duty trailer ChMZAP-8389

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 197.9. Designed for the transportation of heavy indivisible oversized cargo. It consists of two unified six-axle trolleys, which, depending on the need, can be joined in the longitudinal or transverse direction to form a single platform. The wheels of the two front and two rear axles of each bogie are controlled from a drawbar with an electro-hydraulic drive. On the side of the end part of each trolley there is a manual control panel for the trolley wheels.
Suspension: hydrobalanced, spark plug.
The brakes are drum brakes with pneumatic drive, controlled from the tractor cab and from the operator’s position on the trailer.

Heavy duty trailer ChMZAP 8389 Transportation of equipment for the construction of the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station.

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1975. Designed for transportation of oversized heavy indivisible cargo and vehicles on dirt and paved roads in conjunction with a KrAZ-258 vehicle. With a single-axle dolly, it can be used as a trailer with a load capacity of 21,000 kg.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive, parking - with mechanical drive.
Suspension: balancer, spring.
From 1965 to 1975, the ChMZAP-5523P semi-trailer was produced, which had a lower load capacity.

The first heavy truck with a carrying capacity of 25 tons was ChMZAP-5523. This semi-trailer was intended for transporting tanks and other armored vehicles

Heavy semi-trailer ChMZAP-5523A

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1975. Designed for transportation of bulk building blocks (block rooms). Tractor - KrAZ-252 or KrAZ-258.
The suspension is of the balanced type on two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive using a combined system; parking - manual with mechanical drive.
The support device is hydraulically driven by a hand pump.

Heavy semi-trailer ChMZAP-9399

Produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant of automobile and tractor trailers since 1976. Designed for transportation of oversized heavy indivisible cargo and vehicles on paved roads and improved dirt roads. Tractor - MAZ-537G. !
INSides are provided as additional equipment.
The suspension is independent balanced with spark plug type guides and rubber elastic elements.
Brakes: service - drum with pneumatic drive using a combined system; parking - mechanical with spring drive
Support device hydraulically driven by a hand pump.

Heavy semi-trailer ChMZAP-9990

FOREIGN CARS

Bus Nysa-522M (4X2)

The especially small class bus has been produced by the automobile plant in Nysa (Poland) since 1972.
The body is metal, four-door (two doors in the front compartment, one side to enter the cabin and one in the back), the engine is located in front. From 1969 to 1972, the Nysa 521M bus was produced, which differed in the number of seats.

Bus Nysa-522M (4X2)

Buses Ikarus-556 and Ikarus-260 (4X2)

Large class city buses, Ikarus-556 was produced from 1962 to 1973, Ikarus-260 was produced since 1973 by the Ikarus plant (VNR). The bus body is monocoque, three-door, the engine is located under the floor, the seat layout for the Ikarus-556 is mixed, and the seat layout for the Ikarus-260 is three-row.

Bus Ikarus-556

Bus Ikarus-260

Buses Ikarus-180 and Ikarus-280 (6X2)

City buses of a particularly large class (articulated). Ikarus-180 was produced from 1962 to 1973, Ikarus-280 was produced since 1973 by the Ikarus plant (VNR). The body is monocoque, four-door, the engine is located under the floor, the seat layout: for the Ikarus-180 - mixed, for the Ikarus-280 - three-row.

Bus Ikarus-180

Bus Ikarus-280

Buses Ikarus-250 and Ikarus-255 (4X2)

Large-class intercity buses are produced by the Ikarus plant (VNR): Ikarus-250 since 1968, Ikarus-255 since 1973. The body is monocoque, the engine is located in the rear, the seat layout is four-row. Ikarus-250 is equipped with one passenger door, a wardrobe and a refrigerator, Ikarus-255 is equipped with two passenger doors (it has no additional equipment for passengers).
Produced with. 1980 modernized bus. Ikarus-250 has the following main differences from Ikarus-250: a modernized engine with a capacity of 220 hp. (161.8 kW), new six-speed gearbox, two passenger doors, improved interior trim A.

Bus Ikarus-250

Bus Ikarus-255

Car Zhuk-AO6 (4X2)

Produced by the truck plant in Ljubljana (Poland). The body is a van, all-metal, mounted on a frame, the engine is located in the front. The cargo area has side and rear doors. The cabin is double.

Car Zhuk-AO6 (4X2)

Car Nysa-521S (4X2)

Produced by the automobile plant in Nysa (Poland). The body is an isothermal van, metal mounted on a frame, the engine is located in the front. The cargo area has side and rear doors, is thermally insulated and equipped with a dry ice reservoir. The cabin is double.

Car Nysa-521S (4X2)

Car Ifa-W50L/K (4X2)

Produced by the Ifa automobile plant (GDR). The body is a metal dump platform with opening sides, with unloading on three sides. Equipped with pneumatic. hydraulic and electrical outlets for connecting the corresponding dump trailer systems. Cabin - double, all-metal.

Dump truck IFA-W50. The photo was taken in Tolyatti

Car Magirus-2320 19D (4X2) and Magirus-290D 26L (6X4)

Trucks are produced by the Magirus-Deutz automobile plant (Germany). The body is a wooden platform with opening sides. Cabin - three-seater, all-metal.

Automobile Magirus-Deutz 232D 24K 6x4 1973-77

Car Magirus Deutz 290 D 26 K

Car Magirus-232D 19K (4X2) and Magirus-290D 26K (6X4)

Produced by the Magirus-Deutz automobile plant (Germany). The body is a dump truck, all-metal, with unloading to the rear. The cabin is three-seater, all-metal.

Car Magirus-Deutz 232 D 19

Car Magirus-Deutz 290D 26K

Cars Tatra-138S1 and Tatra-148S1M (6X6)

Produced by the Tatra plant (Czechoslovakia). The body is a dump truck, all-metal, with unloading to the rear. The cabin: the Tatra 138S1 car has a four-seater cabin, the Tatra 148S1M car has a three-seater cabin. Modification: dump trucks with unloading on three sides - Tatra 138S3 and Tatra 148S3.

Car Tatra-138S1

Car Tatra-148S1

Car Skoda-706 R TT N (4X2)

The truck tractor is produced by the Skoda plant (Czechoslovakia). The cabin is a two-seater, all-metal, with a berth.

Load on fifth wheel coupling device, kgf................. 8000
Permissible semi-trailer weight,kg................... 18500

Car Skoda-706 R TT N

The truck tractor is produced by the Mercedes-Benz plant (Germany). The cabin is a three-seater, all-metal cabin with two berths, tilting forward.

Car Mercedes-Benz-2232S (6X4)

Car Volvo-F89-32 (6X4) and Volvo-F89-32 (6X2)

Truck tractors are produced by the Volvo plant (Sweden). The cabin is a double, all-metal cabin with two berths, tilting forward.

Volvo-F89-32 car

* Weight parameters are given for a road train with a total weight of 38 tons; parameters allowed by the company are given in brackets.

Trailer HW60.11

The two-axle tipper trailer is produced by the Ifa plant (GDR). Designed to work with the Ifa W50L/K-Kuzov dump truck - all-metal with unloading on two sides.

Trailer HW60.11

Trailer NK5-1

The two-axle tipper trailer is produced by the Ifa plant (GDR). Designed to work with the IFAW50L/K dump truck. The body is all-metal with unloading on two sides.

IFA W45 with NK5 trailers - predecessor of IFA W50

Trailer 2R5A

The two-axle trailer is produced in Romania. The body is a wooden platform with three opening sides. Extension sides and an awning are installed on the trailer.

Trailer 2R5A

Semi-trailer N12 ALKA

The refrigerator is produced by the Orličan plant (Czechoslovakia). The body is all-metal, thermally insulated. The insulation material is polystyrene, 170 mm thick. The refrigeration unit is semi-automatic. There is only one door, the back one. Designed for transportation of frozen or chilled products and goods that need to be protected from frost. The main tractor is Skoda 706RTTN.

Skoda-706RTTN with semi-trailer N12 ALKA (Moscow, January 1981)

Semi-trailer Savoyard ( Savuayard)

Two-axle semi-trailer with a flatbed platform equipped with an awning, made in France. The fifth wheel is equipped with two kingpins at a distance of 1070 and 1800 mm from the front cross member. The front overall radii are 1645 and 2190 mm, respectively.

Semi-trailer Savoyard ( Savuayard)

IWT semi-trailer

Two-axle semi-trailer with a flatbed platform equipped with an awning, manufactured in Germany. The fifth wheel is equipped with two kingpins at a distance of 1140 and 1880 mm from the front cross member. The front overall radii are 1700 and 2250 mm, respectively.

Semi-trailer Blumhardt

Low-bed two-axle semi-trailer with a platform without sides, made in France.

Semi-trailer Blumhardt TLS 50 1970.

Note. For cars and road trains performing transport work, counted in ton-kilometers, the fuel consumption rate indicated in the table increases for every 100 ton-kilometers when transporting goods with gasoline vehicles by 2.0 liters and diesel vehicles by 1.3 liters.
When operating vehicles with trailers, the fuel consumption rate per 100 km increases by 2.0 liters for vehicles with carburetor engines and by 1.3 liters with diesel engines for every ton of trailer weight. Fuel consumption for transport work performed on a trailer is calculated in the same way. just like for a car.
When truck tractors operate with other semi-trailers not listed in the table, the standards for single tractors increase by 2.0 liters for cars with carburetor engines and by 1.3 liters with diesel engines for each ton of the semi-trailer’s own weight with which they work.

Note. For dump trucks, in addition to fuel consumption standards for mileage, a fuel consumption rate for each trip with a load is set at 0.25 liters (for off-road dump trucks MAZ-525, BelAZ-540, BelAZ-540A - 1.0 liters). According to established practice, when dump trucks operate with dump trailers (semi-trailers), their norms per 100 km of run increase by 2.0 liters for cars with carburetor engines and by 1.3 liters with diesel engines for each ton of curb weight and half the rated load capacity of the trailer (semi-trailer) .

Note. Managers of motor transport enterprises are given the right to establish differentiated route fuel consumption standards for passenger transportation carried out by buses, within the limits of demand determined by linear standards for the enterprise as a whole.

Applications