This summary is intended for conducting a group lesson with children in grade 3 with a speech conclusion “Systemic underdevelopment of speech.”
The topic of the speech therapy lesson: “Soft sign at the end and in the middle of a word.”
Goals:
Correctional and educational:
- learn to indicate the softness of consonants in writing using the letter ь
- develop the ability to explain spelling
Corrective and developmental:
- develop phonemic awareness and hearing,
- development of general, fine and articulatory motor skills.
Correctional and educational:
- develop the ability to interact with each other,
- cultivate interest in speech therapy classes.
Progress of the speech therapy session:
1. Organizational moment.
Say hello to your guests
Smile at everyone around you.
Give your hand to the friend on the left
And hurry up and stand in a circle.
And now to the neighbor on the right
Pass the ball.
Call your friend by name
And wish you a good day.
2. Rule of speech.
What do we do in speech therapy classes?
We pronounce sounds clearly,
Let's listen carefully!
We read the letters correctly,
We write them carefully.
To pronounce all the sounds correctly, let's do exercises for the tongue.
Articulation gymnastics.
The tongue goes for a walk,
He walks around the house.
Who's here and who's there?
He looks around.
Looks like a comb teeth
He combs our lips.
I found myself on a swing
Soared up
And he went down.
3. Finger gymnastics.
Fingers are a friendly family,
They can't live without each other.
This is the big one, and this is the medium one,
Nameless and last
Our little finger of babies.
Oh, you forgot your index finger.
So that the fingers live together
Let's connect them
And perform the movements.
4. Topic of speech therapy class.
You will find out the topic of today's lesson if you guess the riddle:
What letter is it, who knows?
Does not indicate sound.
Can only show
How to read a consent.
That's right, this is a soft sign: “b”.
Let's draw a "b" sign
Gently a drop like this.
A droplet will soften the letter,
The word will sound soft.
Children write "b" in millet.
The topic of today's lesson: “Soft sign at the end and in the middle of a word.”
What can you say about the soft sign?
- "b" is a letter.
- "b" does not represent any sound.
- "b" can be written, but cannot be read.
What does the soft sign mean?
It denotes the softness of a consonant.
5. Phonemic awareness.
In the cards, use a counter to cover the consonant that is heard at the end of the word.
Salt, horse, nose, ferret, elk, stump, mosquito, faucet, chalk.
Remember the words I said.
6. Game “Name the words with a soft sign.”
Look at the pictures (presentation). Name the pictures in the names of which the consonant sound at the end of the word is pronounced softly.
Elk, horse, rain, carrot, bear, primer, goose, anchor.
Read all the words. What do all these words have in common?
All words contain a soft sign.
7. Game “Insert a soft sign.”
Read the words, insert “b” where necessary.
8. Physical exercise (musical).
We did a great job
And we got a little tired.
Get ready, all you guys,
Dance exercise!
We will clap our hands:
Friendly, more fun.
Our feet knocked:
It's more fun together.
Let's hit you on the knees:
Hush, hush, hush.
Our hands rise up
Higher, higher, higher.
Our hands are spinning
They went lower.
They spun, they spun,
And they stopped.
9. Riddle.
Both boys and girls
They love us very much in winter,
They cut the ice into a thin pattern,
They don't want to go home.
We are graceful and light
We are curly...
(skates)
The word “skates” is posted on the board. The speech therapist reads the word with the children.
Where is the “b” in the word “skates”?
Why is there a soft sign after the “N”? (Because "N" sounds soft.)
Yes, a soft sign can be in the middle of a word.
The soft sign is such a trickster!
He stood in the middle of the word,
The letters replaced the feather bed.
Between two consonants
Feels great.
10. Game “Hide the soft sign in the middle.”
Change the words so that the soft sign is in the middle of the word.
Horse - skates
Stump - stumps
Ferret - ferrets
Where in a word can “b” appear?
11. Working with proposals.
Read the sentences. What letter is missing in the words?
Los. – a strong beast..
He eats grass and branches, loves salt.
Elk were hiding in the thicket of the forest.
He has large branched horns
Compose the text following the following sequence:
1) A sentence with a word with “b” at the end.
2) A sentence with a word with a “b” in the middle between the vowels.
3) A sentence with a word with a “b” at the end.
4) A sentence where there are two words with “b”.
Read the entire text. What have we learned about moose?
Write out words with a soft sign from the text. Underline the consonant in the words and the soft sign after it.
12. Summary of the lesson.
When is a soft sign written in words?
When is a consonant pronounced softly?
A soft sign with a consonant is friendly.
Needed at the end and middle of a word.
We write a sign after the consonants,
If we hear them soft.
Homework: learn a poem about a soft sign.
Galimova Galina Pavlovna,
teacher speech therapist,
correctional boarding school of the VIII type,
Bashkortostan, Yanaul
MBOU BGO Secondary School No. 12
Spelling soft sign
in the middle and at the end of a word.
Russian language lesson, 2nd grade
Prepared and carried out
teacher classes Gavrilin L.V.
Borisoglebsk
Subject: Spelling soft sign
in the middle and at the end of a word.
Goals:
Educational:
development of phonemic hearing, formation of the ability to use a soft sign to indicate the softness of consonants at the end and middle of a word.
Educational:
the formation of a correct understanding of the world around us, moral qualities, an aesthetic attitude to reality, the ability to communicate and listen.
Educational:
formation and development of the ability to think, analyze, generalize, develop attention to memory, imagination, and intelligence.
Methods used:
visual,
partially search;
practical;
problematic.
Visibility:
cards in the shape of the sun and clouds;
cards for vocabulary work;
cards with cases of writing a soft sign and with errors in its use.
cards with diagrams of soft sign positions;
clarity of the meaning of the word “salt”
During the classes.
I . Org. moment.
Here are the books on the table, and here are the notebooks,
I don't feel like playing hide and seek today
And there is no time to blow on a paper ship -
Today the kids have a very important lesson in class!
II . Lesson objectives (psychological moment).
Do you like to overcome difficulties?
Raise your hands if you are confident that you can cope with all the difficulties.
Difficulty is always overcome if a person does everything in a good mood, with good thoughts.
Let's listen to ourselves, what mood are we in now?
Will your mood allow you to overcome all the difficulties in our Russian language lesson?
You have the sun and fat on your table. See which card reflects your mood. Select it and show it.
I will denote all your good moods with one big sun, and not very good ones with clouds.
I think whoever is not in a very good mood, we will try to correct it together.
And now we will try to listen together to the topic of our lesson.
A soft sign in the middle and at the end of a word.
Who wants to learn how to correctly write words with a soft sign, learn new and interesting things with a soft sign?
Well done! Everyone wants to know a lot. This knowledge will definitely be useful to you in your difficult school life.
Well, let's start the lesson with a minute of penmanship.
III . Calligraphy:
Children open their notebooks, the number and class work are written in the notebooks in advance, three students read poetry in two lines:
I'll open my notebook
And I’ll put it on an angle.
I, friends, will not hide it from you
I hold my pen like this.
I'll sit straight, I won't bend,
I'll get to work.
The teacher shows a table with the positions of the soft sign.
Guys, when is a soft sign written in a word?
How many letters for writing a soft sign are there in the Russian alphabet? (one)
Let's remember how to write a soft sign. (teacher shows b with and without connection)
Where can the first soft sign be? (in the middle of a word)
Where can the second character appear (at the end of a word)
So, first, let's write everything in the air.
Now write the soft sign only twice in your notebook. (children write)
Now everyone, be sure to pause for a minute. Look, this is how these signs are written on my board. Are they spelled correctly? (No)
What mistakes were made here? (children explain)
That's right, now look in your notebooks to see if your writing is correct and add the characters carefully and correctly to the end of the line.
Now underline your three best letters.
Scientists studying the Russian language said that the letter is a soft signtalented .
Why do you think it was called that?talented?
she doesn't have her own sound
but can affect the sound in front of it,
cannot come at the beginning of a word
does not have a capital letter.
Here's what writer L. Izmailov said about the soft sign:
A soft sign is a cunning sign
There is no way to say it.
It's not pronounced
But the word is often asked.
Why at home corner
Immediately turned into coal ?
No fire, just like that?
It was a soft sign!
Name words with a soft sign (coal, say).
Tell me what spelling patterns are in these words (soft sign in the word coal, say; unstressed vowel in the word say)
How do we check an unstressed vowel? (pick up a test word - you will say)
Let's write these words on the second line.
coal _ zat - you say b
IV . Vocabulary work:
What rule did we just remember?(unstressed vowel that can be checked)
True, but in the Russian language there are words with unverifiable unstressed vowels. What are these words called?(dictionary)
Why (check it in the dictionary).
Tell me these words(on cards: teacher, notebook, girl, coat, bear, carrot, boy, skates).
Are there any words with a soft sign at the end of the word? Read it.
What about words with a soft sign in the middle? Name it.
Let's write these words in two columns - in 1 column that answer the questionWho?, and in the second - to the questionWhat?
At the board, two students work on separate sides, the rest of the children write in notebooks.
Who?
What?
teacher
girl
bear
boy
notebook
coat
carrot
skates
We check the work on the board (using signal cards).
What words answer the questionWho?
Where is the soft sign in the word? Why did you write a soft sign in the word? (sound soft)
Similar work with words from the second column.
What conclusion can we draw?
The soft sign is written in words answering the question who? So what? in the middle and at the end of a word, when the consonant sound is pronounced softly.
Fine. And what word in the first column seems to be superfluous?(girl)
Why?( spelling chk-chn without a soft sign – a soft sign is not written)
Well done. Now look here (teacher shows unfinished diagram). During recess, a naughty gum girl jumped into the classroom, rubbed herself against the words like a kitten, and erased half of the good and useful rule.
- Let's restore this rule completely.
Cheka
CHN b LF
SHCHN NSHCH
In the combinations chk, chn schn, nsch, nch the soft sign is not written.
V . Physical exercise.
Rain clouds have arrived:
Lei, rain, lei!
The raindrops are dancing as if alive:
Drink, rye, drink!
Rye, bending towards the green earth,
Drinks, drinks, drinks.
And the warm rain is restless
It pours, it pours, it pours.
Guys, who remembered in our physical training the words where there is a soft sign? (rain, rye, drinks, pours. )
Why is a soft sign written in these words?
How are these words different? (denote object and action)
Conclusion: The soft sign is written in words-objects, and in words-attributes, and in words of action.
VI . Sound-letter analysis of a word.
- So, the essence of our lesson, our day is to learn to write words with a soft sign.
Why do they say:“The salt of the matter, the salt of the lesson”?
That's right, this means the most important thing. Let's break this word down by letters and sounds.
Sound-letter analysis of words"salt". One student at the blackboard.
Salt – 1 syllable, 2 consonants, 1 chapter.
[s] – cong., hard., deaf., par.
[o] – v., beat.
[l] – agree., soft., sound., unpaired.
[ - ] .
4 b., 3 stars.
Why are there more letters than sounds?
Conclusion: The soft sign does not indicate a sound, so there are more letters than sounds.
Fizminutka
Now guys, stand up
Raise your hands slowly
Squeeze your fingers, then unclench them,
Hands down and stand like that.
Lean right, left
And get down to business again.
VII . Working with a proposal.
Guys, just the word “salt” – what can it mean?(mineral, note, food additive)
Compose a sentence using the word “salt” orally. Moreover, the first row is about the note; the second is about the mineral, and the third is about the food additive.
Let's check. (selectively several students). Fine.
Now let's write down the following sentence: “Olb ha sang the note Solb .» (one student comments)
Conclusion: One word - many meanings. You need to be able to hear words with a soft sign and write them correctly.
VIII . Work in pairs.
Now we will check how you learned to write words with a soft sign in the middle and at the end of the word.
There are cards on your tables. You need to make up sentences and insert the missing letters - decide where to write a soft sign and where not.
1. caught, perch, Igor_, five_, on the river
2. strong_naya, on, broom_, street, began_
First, children name spellings and pronounce spellings. Then they write down the sentenceswhispering every word.
Organized by the teachermutual verification (everything is correct - they put +, not everything - they correct errors) - sentences are opened on the board, and students check each other in pairs:
Igor caught five perch on the river.
There was a strong snowstorm outside.
Tell me, where did you write the soft sign? Why?
And in which word did you not insert a soft sign (river)? Why?
Fizminutka "Inflate the balloon"
(inflate - big, stop - small)
Which words contain a soft sign?(big small)
What are these words?(sign words, words with opposite meanings)
IX . Lesson summary.
What did you like about the lesson? What do you remember?
What secret of the Russian language do you now know?
(when and why a soft sign is written)
Okay, you've all overcome the challenges.
Raise your hands, who had it easy? And for whom is it difficult?
Find the sun and cloud on your desk. Pick up the picture that now matches your mood.
Well done. You are all in a good mood.
Thanks to friendship, you coped with all the difficulties in the lesson and learned another secret of the Russian language. And I can also show my mood from your good work with the sun.
Thanks everyone. The lesson is over.
PRECAUTIONARY DICTS
I. Boy, schoolboy, sparrows, teacher, fight, drinks, coat, horse, ring, sew, film, finger, drop, benefit, mallow, village, beats, album, mill, stump.
II. Day, perch, howling, cornflowers, bubble, fun, small, white, blizzard, red, strong, steel, ears, pain, free, impossible, feathers, sick, family.
III. Just, teacher, notebook, whose, whose, trees, friends, bear, do, draw, ask, sing, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
2. Write down the sentences. Underline words with a soft sign (ь) in the middle.
1. Winter days are short! 2. The boys ran to school. 3. Drops of dew glisten on the rose petals. 4. The river became covered with ice. 5. Bright mallows are turning red near the house. 6. Masha dropped the ring into the river. 7. The little gray bunny is shaking from the cold. 8. The teacher gave me an “A”. 9, I hit the door painfully. 10. The cow Zorka is nibbling grass. 11. There is an angry blizzard in the field. 12. Moths hover over the lamp. 13. The girls came in elegant dresses.
SELECTIVE DICTS
1: Listen to the sentences. Write and read words with soft
sign(s) in the middle.
1. Pets are very beneficial. 2. Schoolchildren begin classes in September. 3. There is an interesting film on TV today. 4. The lights of an airplane are visible in the night sky. 5. Mom laid a linen tablecloth on the table. 6. Father has a strong character. 7. Water is gurgling in the kettle. 8. The blue eyes of forget-me-nots are visible in the grass. 9. Father brought Nastenka a scarlet flower. 10. The ants are rushing to their house. 11. The swallows made a home under the roof. 12. It rains in autumn. 13. There are a lot of pine needles under the spruce tree.
2. Write down in order the names of the months that end with a soft sign (b). Translate them into Ukrainian.
June has arrived.
"June! June!" -
Birds are chirping in the garden.
The winds blow in February
The pipes howl loudly.
Open the calendar -
January begins.
In December, in December
All trees are in silver.
Loose snow darkens in March,
The ice on the window is melting.
Haymaking is in July,
Somewhere thunder grumbles sometimes.
In October, in October
Frequent rain outside.
April, April!
Drops are ringing in the yard.
Clear morning in September
Villages thresh bread.
We collect in August
Fruit harvest.
Seeing off May with flowers,
The lilac is blooming.
(S. Marshak)
EXPLANATORY AND TESTING DICTS
Separate words with a soft sign (ь) at the end for hyphenation.
There is a lot of work in the yard. We need to water the flowers, dig up the soil. Yesterday we planted a poplar. We will look after him. It will grow and provide good shade. The lilacs have already blossomed. It's beautiful in our yard!
WINTER EVENING
It snowed all day. By evening the snowstorm ended. The children began to sculpt a snow woman. It quickly became dark outside. In winter there are long nights and short days. At five o'clock in the evening it is already dark. We need to go home.
SUMMER IN THE ALBUM
It's autumn now. And in my album it’s summer. I drew a big bouquet. It contains delicate daisies. They have white petals and a yellow center. There are drops of dew on the flowers. It’s good to remember the summer dawns!
WINTER POND
Yesterday there was severe frost. Our pond is covered with ice. The boys put on their skates and went skating. There are bubbles under the ice in the middle of the pond. Big fish sleep there. You can't walk on thin ice! You can fall into the water.
ICICLE
Here are the spring days. Nadya put on a warm coat and went out onto the porch. Black thawed patches appeared on the white snow. A cold drop fell on Nadya’s cheek. It was a large icicle hanging from the roof. She may fall and hurt. Be careful in spring!
Spring has come. Nature happily awaited the guest. The winter blizzards have died down. Twigs and branches can be seen from under the snow. Soon they will be used to build bird houses. Melting snow flows down in streams. The ants will wake up soon. The bees will begin to circle around the hives. The leaves on the trees will rustle. Birds will greet spring with a joyful trill.
>>Russian language 2nd grade >>Russian language: Separating soft sign (ь)
Separating soft character(s)
The role and meaning of the soft sign in Russian
Today in the Russian language lesson we will study a special letter, which is called a soft sign. Such a letter, as a soft sign, does not have or indicate any sound, but its role is to indicate the softness of consonant sounds in the letter.
For example: bathhouse, stranded, coal, seal, laziness, pity, horse.
But, in addition to the fact that the soft sign is an indicator of the softness of consonant sounds, it can also be dividing.
And so, now we can sum up the results and conclude that such a letter as a soft sign is used in the Russian language:
To soften the preceding consonant;
As a separator;
To indicate certain grammatical forms.
We have already determined when it is necessary to write a soft sign in words to soften consonants. Now let's try to understand the separating soft sign and find out why a soft sign is also called a separating sign, in which cases a soft sign is a separating sign, and how words with a separating soft sign are written.
In order to better understand this topic and understand the difference between a soft sign, which serves to soften consonant sounds, and a dividing soft sign, let’s try to consider this issue with an example.
For example: Seed and family
Read these words carefully. Now pay attention to how the last syllable sounds in the first word - seed. In this word “seed” the sound [m"] has a soft sound, since the letter I gives it softness, and in this syllable the vowel and consonant are pronounced together.
Now let's look at the next word. The word “family” is [sem "ya]. In this case, we see that the consonant and the vowel following it are pronounced separately. Such a separate pronunciation between a vowel and a consonant in writing is indicated using a soft sign, which is called a separating soft sign.
For example: Kolya - stakes, salt - salt, flight - pouring.
Therefore, we can already conclude that the separating soft sign indicates that the consonant and vowel sounds are pronounced separately.
Rules for writing a soft separating character
The separating ь (soft sign) is written:
Firstly, in the middle of the word before the vowels: e, e, yu, i. For example: blizzard, terrier, monkey, health, linen, leaves.
Secondly, in words of foreign origin before the letter O. For example: champignons, postman, broth.
Thirdly, the separating soft sign is written at the roots of words, after consonants. For example: December, barley, sparrows, steppe, night.
Also, you need to remember that the separating soft sign is never written:
First, the words come first;
Secondly, after the consoles.
Now let's carefully look at the picture and try to compare the difference between the soft sign, which serves to soften the consonant and the dividing soft sign:
Homework
1. Read carefully the words with a soft sign and first write down only those in which the soft sign acts as an indicator of softness, and then - words with a separating soft sign.
Moth, dress, family, skates, day, chairs, wool, streams, stakes, ice hole, laziness, despondency, housing, friends, bathhouse, health, jelly, coat, autumn, letter, downpour, computer, corduroy, Daria, happiness, fun, sadness.
2. Choose antonyms for these words and say what role does the soft sign play in them?
Cleanliness, boredom, work, harm, light, enemies, sugar.
3. Write down the words in the plural:
Friend, leaf, wing, branch, log, tree.
4. When writing a separator, what sound do you hear in the words?
5. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Questions for the crossword:
1. What else can you call a snowstorm?
2. Where do bees live?
3. Dad, mom, I are friendly….
4. An animal that loves to climb trees.
5. Carlson’s favorite treat.
- to reinforce in children the spelling of the ь sign in the middle and at the end of a word;
- develop the ability to indicate the softness of a consonant sound in writing;
- consolidate the skills of dividing words into syllables with a sign at the end and in the middle of the word;
- develop students' oral speech;
- develop imaginative thinking;
- develop the ability to analyze and generalize;
- education of accuracy;
- nurturing the necessary educational qualities: perseverance, discipline.
Lesson type: lesson to consolidate material.
Equipment:
- Textbook “Russian language” 2nd grade authors: R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronina, under the “School 2100” program;
- writing materials for the lesson;
- Didactic material on the Russian language by T.V. Shklyarova;
- Teacher's workstation, projection device,
- (a more detailed description of the necessary equipment and software is given above in the “Explanatory Note” section).
Equipment:
- Teacher's workstation
- Projection apparatus
- Screen
- Software:
- Operating system – Windows XP,
- Microsoft Office XP
- Power point presentation
Explanatory note
A Russian language lesson in 2nd grade (program “School 2100”) on the topic “The letter ь at the end and in the middle of a word” is designed to be conducted using ICT tools.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
– Let’s start the Russian language lesson.
Attention! Check it out, buddy.
Are you ready to start the lesson!
Is everything in place? Is everything ok:
Books, pens and notebooks?
We have a motto:
Everything you need is at hand! (slide 1)Annex 1
Now, I want to see which row is quieter than the rest today? Well done. Sit up straight. They looked at me.
II. Calligraphy
I'll open my notebook
And I’ll put it in the right way
I won’t hide my friends from you,
I hold my hand like this
I’ll sit straight, I won’t bend
I'll get to writing now.
We retreated from homework 2 lines down, wrote down the number on the third, and cool work on the fourth. . Listen to the poem and think about what letter we will write in calligraphy?
Soft sign, soft sign -
You can't live without it!
You can't write without it
Thirty, twenty, ten, five.
Instead of six we get a pole,
Instead of eating, we get eating.
The bathhouse will turn into a jar.
This is what can happen
If we forget
Soft sign in words to write.
Add to the penmanship all the words with a soft sign that you heard in the poem.
What word is missing here? Why?
III. Vocabulary work.
Write down all the vocabulary words that you remember being familiar with.
Look at the blackboard. Check it out. (slide 3)
Raise your hand who has the same?
What word did I not include? ?(calling)
Why ? (ь does not indicate the softness of a consonant sound)
Make up and write down one sentence with one of the vocabulary words.
Underline the main parts of the sentence.
IV. Consolidation
They sat up straight and put their hands down. What is a spelling?
1. Updating knowledge
What other letters besides ь can indicate the softness of a consonant in writing.
2. Formulation of the topic.
What spelling will we work with today in class?
Look at the blackboard.
3. Repetition
What time of year is shown in the picture? (autumn) (slide 4)
What autumn months do you know?
In which of these names does the sign appear? (September October November)
Write them down in one column and underline the spelling.
What time of year is shown in this picture? (winter) (slide 5)
What winter months do you know?
In which of these names does the sign appear? (December January February)
Write them down in the second column and underline the spelling.
How to separate words for hyphenation?
Separate all the written words for hyphenation. Well done!
V. Physical education minute
We wrote, we wrote,
Our fingers are tired.
We'll rest a little
And let's start writing again.
(Slide 6)
Alternative option (performing a set of exercises to the music from the film 38 parrots)
IV. Independent work
Sit up straight. We opened the textbooks on page 35, ex. 191.
Read the assignment.
What words will you write in the first column?
And in the second?
Why words autumn, leaves, fallen And all will you write in both columns?
Write out the word from the exercise “all” and do a sound-letter analysis.
Entire [ves] – 1 syllable, 4 b, 3 stars.
V[v] – acc., sound, steam, soft.
E[e] – Ch. beat
C[с] – acc., deaf, steam, soft.
– Why soft? What softens?
b[ -]
How many syllables are there in this word? (1) Why? ( how many vowels and syllables are in a word)
How many letters are there in this word? (4)
How many sounds? (3) Why? ( because b sign does not indicate sound)
Why then is the sign needed in this word if it does not denote a single sound? (denotes softness on the letter of the previous letter)
VII. Summing up the lesson.
Let's summarize the lesson.
Dictation “Plus - Minus”
Put “plus” when in words
You will write a soft sign.
If it is not in the word,
Write “minus” in response.Day, ding, dream, shadow,
Cheese, juice, elk, laziness,
Nose, carried, dig, whine,
Horse, horse, noise, sew.
Test yourself by checking the board. ( slide 7)
Raise your hand who hasn't made a single mistake? Write “5” in the margin with a pencil
Raise your hand, did you make 1 or 2 mistakes? Write “4” in the margin with a pencil.
Raise your hand who made 3 or more mistakes? You need to work on this topic again at home.
What spelling did you work with in class today?
Why do we need a soft sign in words?
Well done, you worked well in class.
VIII.Homework
The diaries were opened. Homework. Didactic material 43 (cards with homework)
Change the words according to the example.
Make up a sentence with one of the words. Underline the main parts of the sentence.